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50M— May-54— Form 


THE    ROSE 


A   TEEATISE 


ON  THE  0UT>TrVATTON,  HTSTORY,  FAMILY  CHARACTERISTICS, 

ETC.,   OF    THE    VARIOUS    GROUPS    OF  ROSES,   WITH 

ACCURATE   DESCRIPTIONS  OF  THE  VARIETIES 

NOW    GENERALLY    GROWN. 


BY 

H.  B.   ELLWA]SrGER 

Mount  Hope   Nurseries,   Rochester,  N.  Y. 


NEW  YORK 
DODD,   MEAD    &    COMPANY 

publishers. 


Copyright,  1882 
By  DODD,  mead  &  COMPANY 


I  DEDICATE  THIS  BOOK   TO  MY  FATHER, 

GEORGE  ELLWANGER, 

WHO  HAS  DONE  SO  MUCH  TO  IMPROVE  HORTICULTURAIi  TASTE,  AND 
INCULCATE 

^  Hobe  foe  t|)e  3SeautituU 

HE  HAS  EVER  TAUGHT,  AND  PROVED  BT  HIS  LtPK,  THAT  MUCH  OP  THE 
PUREST  HAPPINESS  IS  FOUND  IN 

^cttbe  SSmpIojment  in  t|)e  ©avDcn. 


I  will  not  have  the  mad  Clytie,  i 

Whoi^e  head  in  turned  by  the  sun  ;  ^ 

The  tulip  is  a  courtly  queen,  ^j 

Whom,  therefore,  I  will  shun  ;  ■. 
The  cowslip  is  a  country  wench, 

The  violet  is  a  nun  ;  ^  -, 
But  I  will  woo  the  dainty  rose, 

The  queen  of  every  one.  ; 

The  pea  is  but  a  wanton  witch, 

In  too  much  liaste  to  wed,  -i 

And  clasps  her  rings  on  every  hand  ;  i 

The  wolfsbane  I  should  dread  :  ] 

Nor  will  I  dreary  rose  marye,  ! 

That  always  mourns  the  dead  ;  j 

But  I  will  woo  the  dainty  rose,  ^ 

With  her  cheeks  of  tender  red.  i 

The  lily  is  all  in  white,  like  a  saint, 

And  so  is  no  mate  for  me  ;  -] 

And  the  daisy's  cheek  is  tipped  with  a  blush,  j 

She  is  of  such  low  degree  ;  \ 

Jasmine  is  sweet  and  has  many  loves,  ; 

And  the  broom's  betrothed  to  the  bee  ;  ' 

But  I  will  plight  with  the  dainty  rose,  .^ 

For  fairest  of  all  is  she.  ^ 

—Thomas  IIood,  j 


*'  God  Almightie  first  Planted  a  Garden,  and  indeed  it  is  the  Purest 
of  Human  pleasures.  It  is  the  Greatest  Refreshment  to  the  Spirits  of 
Man ;  without  which  Buildings  and  Palaces  arc  but  Grosse  Handy- 
works  :  And  a  man  shall  ever  sec  that  when  Ages  grow  to  Civility  and 
Elegancie,  Men  come  to  Build  Stately  sooner  than  to  Garden  Finely  ; 
As  if  Gardening  wece  the  Greater  Perfection."— Bacon. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PA.GE. 

Introduction 5-6 

Chapter  I. 
Classification 7-9 

Chapter  II. 
The  Families  of  Roses  in  General  Culti- 
vation       10-51 

Chapter  III. 
Technical  Terms 52-55 

Chapter  IY. 
Position  and  Soil 56-60 

Chapter  Y. 
Planting  and  Pruning 61-67 

Chapter  YI. 
Manures 68-72 

Chapter  YII. 
Insects  and  Diseases 73-84 


M  CONTENTS. 

PAGE. 

Chapter  YIII. 
Propagation 85-92 

Chapter  IX. 
Exhibiting  Roses 93-99 

Chapter  X. 
Eoses  under  Glass 100-112 

Chapter  XI. 
Varieties  for  Special  Purposes 113-119 

Chapter  XII. 
Raisers  of  the  Best  Roses 120-14-1 

Chapter  XIII. 
The  Seed  Parents  of  Yarioiis  Roses 145-151 

Chapter  XIY. 
Permanent  Colors.      Too  -  Much  -  Alike 
Roses.       How   to    Distinguish   Be- 
tween Similar  Yarieties 152-163 

Chapter  XY. 
Typical  Roses 164-1 TG 

Chapter  XYI. 

Raising  Kew  Yarieties 177-189 

Appendix 190-193 

Catalogue  of  Yarieties 194-291 


INTEODUOTIOK 


There  Iiave  been  so  many  works  on  the  rose 
produced  within  the  past  twenty  years,  several 
of  them  being  very  valuable  and  interesting, 
that  a  few  words  may  not  be  out  of  place,  to 
explain  why  it  was  thought  desirable  to  add  to 
the  number.  The  most  useful  of  these  compila- 
tions are  English  works,  but  the  differences  of  cli- 
mate, etc.,  render  necessary,  for  this  country,  a 
modification  and  change  in  the  directions  for 
culture  ;  the  same  reasons  will  lead  us  to  select  a 
somewhat  different  hst  of  varieties  for  general 
cultivation  from  what  would  be  chosen  by  Eng- 
lish Eosarians  ;  besides  all  this,  there  is  the  ex- 
pectant feeling  which  impels  all  authors,  that  the 
half  has  not  been  told,  that  in  a  subject  like  this, 
no  compilation  can  ever  be  deemed  perfect  or 
final.  New  varieties,  new  classes  and  types,  are 
being  produced  ;  by  experience  we  learn  that 
modifications    of  old  estabHshed  principles  are 


6  INTRODUCTIOiq^. 

often  necessary,  and  therefore  fresh  gleanings 
from  the  rose  garden  will  ever  be  acceptable  and 
interesting  when  coming  from  observing  and  lov- 
ing devotees  of  La  Reine. 

While,  therefore,  this  book  neither  expects 
nor  desires  to  supersede  its  predecessors,  it  asks 
admission  to  their  fellowshij),  hoping  that  it  con- 
tains enough  that  is  distinctive  and  of  merit  to 
be  considered  companionable. 


THE    ROSE, 


CHAPTER     I. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

No  two  books,  treating  of  the  rose,  exactly 
agree  as  to  the  different  groups  under  which  roses 
should  be  classed,  and  those  who  expect  some 
slight  variance  in  this  work  from  what  has  pre- 
ceded it,  in  other  compilations,  will  not  be  wrong 
in  their  conjectures. 

There  has  been  such  an  infinitude  of  crosses 
made  between  dijfferent  groups,  by  means  natu- 
ral and  artificial,  that  it  would  be  rather  remark- 
able to  find  two  writers  who  would  assign  the 
same  varieties  throughout,  to  the  same  classes. 
So  it  is  that,  by  the  various  conjectures  and  opin- 
ions of  the  different  authors,  much  confusion 
and  perplexity  has  been  engendered.  Some,  in 
order  that  the  character  of  a  variety  may  be 

D.    H.   HILL   LIBRARY 
North  Carolina  State  College 


8  THE   ROSE. 

known  as  nearly  as  possible,  form  many  groups, 
classes,  divisions,  and  subdivisions — enough  to 
make  the  head  of  the  reader  swim  in  a  sea  of  per- 
plexity ;  others,  in  order  to  avoid  a  multiplicity 
of  groups,  narrow  the  classification  to  a  few  divis- 
ions, and  in  so  doing,  bury  completely  the  dis- 
tinguishing characteristics  of  a  variety.  The 
former,  besides  arranging  Hybrid  Perpetuals  into 
groups  of  Hybrid  Noisettes  and  Hybrid  Teas, 
further  divide  them  into  such  groups  as  Hybrid 
Bourbons,  Rose  de  Rosomane,  Rose  de  Trianon, 
etc.  The  latter  would  place  all  these  among 
Hybrid  Perpetuals.  I  contess  to  leaning  tow- 
ards this  latter  class  ;  but  where  we  have  dis- 
tinguishing characteristics  that  are  very  marked, 
and  other  new  varieties  of  the  same  or  similar 
peculiarities,  are  following,  it  seems  desirable  to 
provide  a  distinctive  name  and  division  for  them. 
Thus,  when  Guillot  introduced  La  France,  it  was 
appropriately,  placed  among  the  Hybrid  Perpet- 
ual Roses,  although  known  to  have  originated 
from  the  seed  of  a  Tea  Rose.  It  would  have 
been  unwise  to  make  a  class  for  the  exclusive 
benefit  of  this  beauty,  trusting  that  worthy 
companions  might  in   the  future  be  found  for 


CLASSIFICATION-.  9 

her  ;  but  now  that  we  have  Cannes  La  Coquette, 
Cheshunt  Hybrid,  Mme.  Alexandre  Bemaix,  and 
those  of  Mr.  Bennett's  raising,  it  seems  not  only 
desirable  but  necessary  to  group  them  by  them- 
selves. The  same  is  the  case  with  the  Hybrid 
Noisettes  ;  both  of  these  classes  are  being  added 
to  annually,  and  are  now  of  very  great  impor- 
tance. On  the  other  hand,  such  groups  as  the 
Hybrid  Bourbons  are  rapidly  receding  from 
prominence,  and  in  order  to  simplify  matters 
their  disintegration  should  be  made  complete  ; 
the  different  varieties  that  are  deemed  worthy  of 
being  retained  can  be  placed  among  the  Hybrid 
Perpetuals  or  the  Bourbons,  according  to  their 
more  prominent  characteristics. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  FAMILIES   OF    EOSES    IN    GENEEAL  CUL- 
TIVATION. 

Part  I. — Summer  Roses.  Those  which  bloom 
but  once  during  the  season,  in  the  months 
of  June  and  July. 

Class  1. — Climbing  ok  Sarmentous  Eoses. 

The  Ayrshire  Rose  {Rosa  Arvensis  Ilylri- 
dcf). — These  roses,  of  English  origin,  are  of  slen- 
der, rapid  growth,  having  five  leaflets,  often 
running  fifteen  or  twenty  feet  in  one  season,  and 
are  of  use  in  covering  buildings,  unsightly  ob- 
jects, etc.  They  are  somewhat  less  hardy  and 
less  valuable  than  the  hybrid  climbers  and  prairie 
roses.  They  do  not  require  rich  soil,  and  should 
be  pruned  very  little,  or  not  at  all.  Bennett's 
Seedling,  Queen  of  Ayrshires,  Queen  of  Belgians, 
and  Ruga,  are  the  leading  sorts. 

The  Baiiksia  Rose  (Rosa  Banksioe)  is  a  native 
of  China,  named  in  honor  of  Lady  Banks  by  the 


EOSES   IK   GEXEKAL   CULTIVATION.  11 

botanist  Kobert  Brown.  It  was  brought  to  Eng- 
land in  1807.  The  flowers,  very  small,  resem- 
bling double  cherry  blossoms,  are  produced  in 
clusters  early  in  the  season,  and  have,  generally,  a 
decided  violet  perfume  ;  indeed  I  doubt  whether 
many  persons,  if  blindfolded,  could  by  the  odor 
distinguish  them  from  violets.  The  wood  is  very 
smooth,  slender,  and  of  rapid  growth.  The  leaf- 
lets are  often  but  three  in  number,  are  long,  dark, 
and  lustrous.  Not  being  hardy  they  can  have  no 
great  value  at  the  ISTorth,  but  in  the  Southern 
States  they  form  a  very  desirable  group.  The 
best  known  sorts  are  Alba  Grandiflora,  Fortunei, 
White  and  Yellow.  They  should  be  sparingly 
pruned. 

Boursault  Rose  {Rosa  Aljpina). — This  is  a 
distinct  but  worthless  group,  which  receives  its 
name  from  M.  Boursault,  a  Parisian  rose  ama- 
teur. Most  of  the  vai'ieties  are  free  from  thorns 
and  have  long,  flexible,  reddish-colored  shoots. 
Amadis,  or  Crimson  Boursault,  is  the  one  most 
esteemed. 

The  Evergreen  Rose  {Rosa  Sempervirens), 
with  seven  leaflets,  has  much  in  common  with 
the  Ayrshire,  but  is  characterized  by  dark  green 


12  THE   ROSE. 

foliage,  which  is  retained  till  dislodged  by  heavy 
frosts  ;  they  are  of  the  same  hardiness  as  the 
Ayrshires  and  require  the  same  freedom  from 
the  pruning-knife  ;  the  knife  should  only  be  ap- 
plied to  cut  out  entirely  shoots  that  require  thin- 
ning. There  have  been  several  pretty  varieties 
of  this  group  sent  out,  but  Felicite  Perpetuelle 
is  perhaps  the  best  representative,  and  the  only 
one  we  would  commend  for  cultivation. 

Hybrid  CliTubing  Roses  (Rosa  Hyhrida  Scan- 
dens). — This  class  takes  in  those  sorts  for  which 
it  is  difficult  to  find  a  group  where  they  can  be 
appropriately  placed  ;  it  gathers  in  waifs  and  is 
a  kind  of  orphan  asylum,  a  place  of  refuge  for 
the  abandoned  and  unknown.  No  varieties  in 
this  group  are  of  any  great  value ;  the  old  sorts, 
Mme.  d'Arblav  and  the  Garland,  once  the  best 
known,  are  now  almost  forgotten.  Those  which 
are  most  grown  are  Fortune's  Double  Yellow, 
recently  sent  out  under  the  name  Beauty  of 
Glazenwood,  and  La  Saumonee. 

The  Many-Flowered  Rose  {Rosa  Multifiora), 
five  to  seven  leaflets,  is  a  native  of  Japan,  in- 
troduced into  England  by  Thunberg  in  1804.  It 
flowers  in  clusters,  and  continues  for  some  time 


K0SE3   IK   GENERAL   CULTIVATION.  13 

in  bloom  ;  the  flowers  are  double,  small,  and  of 
no  great  beauty.  The  shoots  have  comparatively 
few  thorns,  which  come  in  pairs.  De  la  Grif- 
feraie  is  in  England  considered  valuable  as  a 
stock  on  which  to  work  the  chmbing  teas  and 
some  other  roses  ;  we  believe  it  may  be  good  for 
this,  it  is  not  good  for  anything  else.  Grevilha, 
or  Seven  Sisters,  generally  sent  out  under  the 
latter  name,  is  propagated  to  considerable  extent 
in  this  country,  and  is  principally  called  for  by 
tree  peddlers,  who  make  large  sales  of  it,  by 
means  of  exaggerated  colored  plates,  accompa- 
nied by  untruthful  descriptions.  It  is  tender  as 
the  Tea-scented  Noisettes,  and  is  in  every  way 
inferior  to  them. 

The  Prairie  Rose  {Bosa  Setigera  or  Rvhifolia 
[erroneous])  is  much  the  most  valuable  of  aU  the 
non-remontant  climbers.  It  is  indigenous  to  the 
country,  being  found  in  Michigan  and  many  of  the 
"Western  States.  Seeds  of  the  common  variety 
were  sown  about  1836,  by  Messrs.  Samuel  and 
John  Feast  of  Baltimore  The  seedlings  from  this 
sowing  were  fertiHzed  by  surrounding  flowers, 
from  some  of  the  best  varieties  of  roses  grown  at  the 
time,  and  from  this  lot  came  Baltimore  Belle  and 


14  THE   ROSE. 

Queen  of  the  Prairies,  the  two  best-known  sorts. 
The  foliage  is  rough,  large,  5  to  7  leaflets,  gener- 
ally of  a  dark  green  color  ;  for  rapidity  of  growth 
they  equal  or  excel  the  Ayrshires,  and  surpass 
all  other  climbers  in  hardiness.  They  bloom 
in  large  clusters  late  in  the  season,  when  other 
summer  roses  are  past  and  have  gone  their  way, 
and  succeed  over  a  greater  extent  of  territory 
than  any  other  climbers.  Although  decidedly 
inferior  in  quality  to  the  Tea  -  N  oisettes  and 
Climbing  Teas,  their  hardiness  and  superior 
vigor  of  growth  make  them  of  great  value  where 
the  more  beautiful  members  of  the  sisterhood  are 
too  delicate  in  constitution  to  be  made  useful. 
When,  then,  it  is  desired  to  cover  walls,  trellises, 
old  trees,  unsightly  buildings,  etc.,  with  roses, 
none  will  be  found  to  do  the  work  so  efficiently 
as  varieties  of  the  Prairie  Kose.  It  is  very  de- 
sirable that  further  development  of  this  impor- 
tant class  should  be  made  ;  we  should  endeavor, 
by  artificial  fertihzation,  to  produce  hybrids, 
blending  Hybrid  Perpetual,  Bourbon,  and  Noi- 
sette with  the  Prairies.  This,  w^th  the  more 
double  varieties,  is  somewhat  difl^icult,  as  I  found 
in  experiments  made  under  glass  last  winter.     I 


ROSES   IN    GENEllAL   CULTIVATION.  15 

attempted  to  fertilize  blooms  of  Baltimore  Belle, 
Gem  of  the  Prairies  and  Queen  of  the  Prairies,  by 
different  varieties,  such  as  General  Jacqueminot, 
Safrano  and  Solfaterre,  but  the  onlj  seed  I  ob- 
tained was  from  one  bloom  of  Gem  of  the 
Prairies  fertilized  by  General  Jacqueminot.  The 
pistils  of  the  Prairie  Roses  are  glued  together,  as 
it  were,  and  make  fertilization  very  difficult  ; 
Gem  of  the  Prairies,  itself  a  hybrid,  is  the  only 
one  on  which  seed  is  often  found  in  the  open 
air,  therefore  we  should  probably  be  far  more 
successful  in  making  crosses  by  using  some  of 
the  more  single  varieties. 

The  most  desirable  of  the  class  are  Anna 
Maria,  Baltimore  Belle,  Gem  of  the  Prairies  (the 
only  variety  that  is  fragrant).  Queen  of  the 
Prairies,  and  Triumphant.  Baltimore  Belle  is  the 
most  beautiful,  but  seems  to  contain  some  Noi- 
sette blood,  which  makes  it  less  hardy  than  the 
others ;  it  is  sufficiently  robust,  however,  to, 
withstand  all  ordinary  winters.  The  Prairie 
Koses,  like  all  climbers,  should  be  sparingly 
pruned. 


16  THE   llOSE. 


Class  2. 


Austrian  Brier  {Bosa  Luted). — This  is  a 
native  of  the  South  of  Europe,  having  single  flow- 
ers, of  a  yellow  or  coppery -yellow  color  ;  leaflets 
7  to  9  in  number.  The  shoots  are  of  a  chocolate 
color,  well  fortified  with  spines.  It  is  very 
hardy,  and  from  its  color  and  hardiness  offers  in- 
ducements to  the  hybridizers,  but  they  will  find 
some  difiiculty  in  getting  it  to  seed.  These  roses 
must  not  be  severely  pruned  or  there  will  be  an 
utter  absence  of  flowers  ;  it  is  only  necessary  to 
cut  away  shoots  that  are  decayed  or  need  thin- 
ning and  merely  pinch  the  tops  of  shoots  that 
are  left.  It  is  a  small  but  interesting  family, 
and  gives  us  the  only  hardy  yellow  roses  that  are 
of  value.  There  are  three  varieties  worth  grow- 
ing, the  Copper,  Harrisonii,  and  Pei-sian  Yellow. 
The  foliage  of  this  class  has  a  shght  odor  like  the 
Sweet  Brier. 

The  Damask  Bose  {Bosa  Bamascena)  is 
found  native  about  Damascus  and  various  por- 
tions of  Syria,  from  whence  it  was  brought  to 
Europe  about  15Y3.     It  is  in  a  large  degree  the 


ROSES   IN   GENERAL   CULTIVATION.  17 

founder  of  tlie  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses.  From 
this  clasSj  and  also  from  the  Provence,  most  of 
the  rose-water  is  distilled.  The  Damasks  have 
pale  green  leaves  (5  to  Y  leaflets),  green  shoots, 
with  numerous  spines,  are  of  vigorous  growth, 
and  very  hardy  ;  the  flowers  are  mostly  flat,  of 
hght  colors,  and  very  fragrant.  They  need  but 
little  pruning. 

Mme.  Hardy  and  Mme.  Zoutman  are  the  only 
ones  worth  cultivating,  they  are  both  very  valu- 
able white  roses,  albeit  the  first-named  is  ^'  green- 
eyed,  like  jealousy,  envious,  it  may  be,  of  the 
latter,  who,  though  not  of  such  a  clear  complex- 
ion, is  free  from  ocular  infirmities." 

The  French  Rose  {Rosa  Gallica),  in  spite  of 
its  name,  has  not  been  traced  to  any  country, 
but  is  generally  credited  with  being  a  native  of 
Europe.  It  is  very  hardy,  of  compact  growth, 
requiring  close  piTining. 

The  varieties  in  this  class  have  very  dark 
leaflets,  5  to  7  in  number  ;  though  beautiful, 
they  are  superseded  by  various  Hybrid  Perpet- 
uals  of  the  same  shade,  and  can  no  longer  be 
recommended,  except  for  large  collections.     The 


18  THE   KOSE. 

best  of  them  are  Boule  de  Nanteuil,  Oeillet 
Flamand,  an  odd,  striped  variety,  and  Triomphe 
de  Jaussens. 

The  Hybrid  China  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Hy- 
hrida)  has  arisen  from  various  crosses  among 
the  French,  Provence,  and  other  summer  kinds, 
with  the  China,  Noisette,  and  Bourbon  Roses. 
For  a  long  time  the  varieties  of  this  class  were 
our  most  beautiful  and  cherished  roses,  but,  like 
nearly  all  of  the  summer  sorts,  they  are  outshone 
and  outlasted  by  various  Remontants.  In  this 
connection  it  may  be  remarked  that  about  one- 
fourth  of  the  roses  which  are  sent  out  as  Hybrid 
Perpetuals  should  properly  be  placed  among  the 
Hybrid  Chinas,  for  the  flowers  which  they  pro- 
duce in  autumn  are  the  exception  and  not  the 
rule.  A  Hybrid  Perpetual  may  be  described  as 
a  Hybrid  China  which  blooms  more  than  once 
during  the  season  ;  if  this  classification  were  car- 
ried out,  we  should  to-day  be  growing  many 
more  Hybrid  Chinas  and  many  less  Hybrid  Per- 
petuals. Raisers  dislike  to  call  a  new  variety 
Hybrid  China,  if  by  any  stretch  of  the  imagina- 
tion, or  from  having  seen  a  bloom  during  the 
autumn,  they  think  people  can  be  persuaded  that 


ROSES   IK   GEITERAL   CULTIYATIOK.  1(? 

tliey  are  getting  a  Kemontant.  To  call  a  new 
variety  a  summer  rose  is  to  sound  its  death-knell, 
and  no  amount  of  adjectives  in  the  superlative 
degree  can  resuscitate  or  afford  it  sufficient 
stimulus  for  more  than  a  brief  existence.  Peo- 
ple no  longer  buy  summer  roses,  at  least  ninety- 
nine  out  of  one  hundred  do  not,  hut  unless  the 
descrijption  of  the  raise?'  jparticularly  states  to  the 
contrary  (that  they  are  free  autumnals)  they  are, 
all  the  same,  pretty  likely  to  get  a  number  of 
them,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  will  dis- 
cover that  many  beautiful  roses  which  they 
bought  for  Hybrid  Perpetuals  are  simply  sum- 
mer roses  which  occasionally,  or  very  rarely, 
gnidgingly  yield  a  few  autumn  flowers.  In  this 
book,  therefore,  many  varieties  will  be  found  de- 
scribed as  Hybrid  Chiuas,  which  are  catalogued, 
by  nurserymen,  as  Hybrid  Perpetuals. 

On  account  of  the  diverse  parentage  of  the 
varieties  in  this  group,  coming  from  so  many 
different  classes,  there  is  great  dissimilarity  in 
the  appearance  of  the  different  sorts,  but  most  of 
them  are  rapid  growers,  with  long,  flexible 
shoots  ;  smooth,  luxuriant  foliage  ;  large,  rather 
numerous,  thorns  ;  globular  or  cup-shaped  flow- 


20  THE   ROSE. 

ers,  wliich  are  freely  produced  in  their  season. 
Those  of  vigorous  growth,  and  most  of  them  are 
such,  require  but  little  pruning.  Many  of  them 
make  beautiful  Pillar  Roses,  and  can  be  used  as 
climbers  in  positions  where  extremely  rapid 
growth  is  not  required  ;  in  such  places  they  make 
the  best  summer  chmbers  that  we  have. 

''It  is  time,  I  think,  for  some  alterations  in 
the  nomenclature  and  classification  of  the  rose. 
When  summer  roses — roses,  that  is,  which  bloom 
but  once — were  almost  the  only  varieties  grown, 
and  when  hybridisers  found  a  splendid  market 
for  novelties  in  any  quantities,  new  always,  and 
distinct  in  name,  the  subdivisions  yet  remaining 
in  some  of  our  catalogues  were  interesting,  no 
doubt,  to  our  forefathers,  and  more  intelhgible, 
let  us  hope,  than  they  are  to  us.  Let  us  believe 
that  it  was  patent  to  their  shrewder  sense  why 
pink  roses  were  called  Albas,  and  roses  whose 
hues  were  white  and  lemon  were  described  as 
Damask.  Let  us  suppose  that  they  could  dis- 
tinguish at  any  distance  the  Gallica  from  the 
Provence  Pose,  and  that  when  they  heard  the 
words  Hybrid  China,  instead  of  being  reminded, 
as  I  am,  of  a  cross  between   a   Cochin  and  a 


KOSES  i:^  GEN"ERAL  CULTIVATION".  21 

Dorking  fowl,  they  recognized  an  infinity  of  dis- 
tinctive attributes  which  estrange  that  variety 
from  the  Hybrid  Bourbon  in  the  most  palpable 
and  objective  form.  But  now  that  these  sum- 
mer roses  are  no  longer  paramount — rapidly  dis- 
appearing, on  the  contrary,  before  the  superior 
and  more  enduring  beauty  of  those  varieties 
which  bloom  in  summer  and  autumn  too  ;  now 
that  several  divisions  formerly  recognized  are 
gone  from  the  catalogues,  and  others  include  but 
two  or  three  able-bodied  roses  on  their  muster- 
roll — it  would  be  advisable,  I  think,  to  ignore 
altogether  these  minor  distinctions,  and  to  classify 
as  summer  roses  all  those  which  bloom  but  once. 
Not  without  a  painful  sigh  can  we  older  rosa- 
rians  witness  the  removal  of  our  old  landmarks — 
not  without  a  loyal  sorrow  do  we  say  farewell  to 
friends  who  have  brightened  our  lives  with  so 
much  gladness  ;  but  we  cannot  long  remember 
our  losses,  surrounded  as  we  are  by  such  abun- 
dant gains,  and  the  tears  of  memory  must  pass 
away  as  quickly  as  the  dew  in  summer."* 

We  think  witliin  a  few  years  the  suggestion  of 
Canon   Hole   will   be   partially  carried   out   by 
*  S.  Reynolds  Hole. 


22  THE   ROSE. 

mirserjraen  in  their  catalogues,  but  it  would  yet 
be  well  to  keep  in  separate  groups  the  Summer 
Climbers,  the  Austrian  Brier,  and  Moss  Roses. 
What  remains  of  such  old  classes  as  the  French, 
Provence,  Damask,  Hybrid  Bourbon,  etc.,  may 
well  be  grouped  with  the  Hybrid  Chinas. 

The  best  of  the  old  Hybrid  China  roses  are 
ChenedoUe,  so  called  from  a  member  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  in  France,  a  vivid  red  of 
large  size  ;  Coupe  d'Hebe  (who  would  not  quaff 
nectar  from  this  ?) ;  Mme.  Plantier,  a  valuable 
white  rose  for  massing  and  for  hedges  ;  and 
Paul  Ricaut,  still  one  of  the  most  beautiful  roses 
— alas  that  it  blooms  but  once  ! 

The  Moss  Rose  {Rosa  CentifoUa  Muscosd)  is 
believed  to  be  a  sport  from  the  Provence  Rose, 
and  was  introduced  to  England  from  Holland, 
about  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
They  are  distinguished  from  other  roses  by  the 
moss-like  substance  which  surrounds  the  flower- 
buds,  and  by  the  marked  Provence  scent.  The 
shoots  are  thickly  covered  with  small  spines. 
They  are  very  subject,  as  a  class,  to  mildew,  and, 
with  a  few  exceptions,  require  close  pruning,  rich 
soil,  and   high   culture.      On   account   of  their 


ROSES   11^   GENERAL   CULTIVATIOi?".  23 

beautiful  buds  they  are  great  favorites  with  every 
one,  and  form  decidedly  the  most  valuable  group 
of  all  the  summer  roses.  The  finest  varieties  of 
tlie  race  are  Common  Moss,  Crested,  and  Prolific 
or  Gracilis.  Most  of  the  kinds  have  7  leaflets. 
The  Provence  Rose  {Rosa  Centifolia  Provin- 
cialis),  or  Cabbage  Eose,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  known  to  the  Eomans,  and  derives  its 
botanical  name  from  the  great  number  of  petals 
or  flower-leaves.  Its  origin  is  not  known,  but 
growing  abundantly  in  Provence,  the  South  of 
France,  it  has  received  that  name,  though  the 
French  themselves  always  call  it  by  the  botanical 
name  of  Rose  a  Cent-Feuilles.  Their  habit  is 
somewhat  drooping  and  straggling,  the  foliage 
massive  ;  the  flowers  are  generally  of  globular 
form  and  of  delightful  scent,  so  that  to  say  a 
variety  is  as  fragrant  as  the  Cabbage  Rose  is 
commendation  enough,  so  far  as  scent  is  con- 
cerned. This  class  demands  good  culture  and 
close  pruning  ;  though  but  few  in  numbers,  it 
was  formerly  an  important  group,  and  will  ever 
be  remembered  through  the  Common  Provence, 
or  Cabbage  Rose,  a  variety  which,  though  blos- 
soming but  once,  should  be  found  in  every  col- 


24  THE    ROSE. 

lection  of  any  size.  None  others  are  wortli  cul- 
tivating except  the  highly  scented  Crested 
Provence,  which  is  better  known  as  Crested 
Moss,  and  appropriately  placed  with  the  Mosses. 

The  Sweet- Brier  {Rosa  Buhiginosa),  or  Eg- 
lantine, with  7  leaflets,  is  found  growing  wild 
in  different  countries,  but  the  variety  known  as 
Common  Sweet-Brier,  a  native  of  England,  is 
the  only  one  worth  growing.  It  is  almost  need- 
less to  remark  that  the  pink  flowers,  which  are 
single,  possess  interest  only  for  the  botanist  or 
artist ;  it  is  the  leaves  of  the  plant  which  are  so 
attractive  to  general  cultivators.  After  a  warm 
spring  shower,  or  when  moistened  by  the  morn- 
ing or  evening  dew,  the  foliage  gives  out  a  de- 
lightful perfume,  sui  generis^  equalled  by  few 
rose-blooms.  Any  garden  of  considerable  size 
should  certainly  contain  a  few  plants  of  this  fa- 
vorite rose  of  the  poets  ;  they  may  be  planted  in- 
dividually, or  in  hedges,  as  they  bear  clipping 
without  injury. 

The  Scotch  Rose  {Rosa  Spinosissima),  called 
by  the  French,  Hosier  Pimprenelle,  is,  true  to 
the  botanical  name,  the  most  thorny  of  all  roses  ; 
but,  though  possessing  some  merit,  has  almost 


ROSES   IN"   GENERAL   CULTIVATION.  25 

passed  out  of  cultivation.  It  is  a  native  of  Eng- 
land and  Scotland,  and  many  varieties  have  been 
raised  from  seed  and  sent  out  by  Scotch  nursery- 
men, the  names  of  which  are  quite  forgotten, 
most  of  them  deservedly  so.  They  are  of  com- 
pact growth,  very  hardy,  generally  9  leaflets, 
and  produce  small  flowers  very  early  in  the  sea- 
son ;  they  require  but  little  pruning.  The  two 
varieties  which  are  perhaps  most  grown  are  two 
hybrids,  Stan  well's  Perpetual  and  Souvenir  of 
Henry  Clay  (raised  in  America) ;  these  give  a  few 
flowers  in  autumn  in  addition  to  those  in  spring. 

Part  II. — Perpetual  or  Autumnal   Hoses. 

Blooming  more  than  once  during  the  season, 
many  of  them  continuously  from  June  to  ^NTo- 
vember,  or  until  cut  off  by  the  frost. 

Class  1. — Sakmentous,  Climbing  or  Running 
Roses. 
All  of  these  will  thrive  in  any  ordinary,  good 
garden-soil,  that  is  free  from  standing  water. 
The  more  vigorous  varieties  should  have  but  lit- 
tle pruning  ;  generally  to  thin  out  branches  that 
crowd  the  others  will  be  all  the  knife-work  re- 
quired. 


26  THE   ROSE. 

Hybrid  CUmling  Roses  {Rosa  Ilylrida  Scan- 
dens)  are  of  modern  origin  and  come  from  vari- 
ous sources  ;  the  greater  number  are  sports  of 
various  Hybrid  Perpetuals  ;  several  of  them  have 
an  extra  vigor  of  growth  at  the  exi3ense  of  free- 
dom and  size  of  bloom,  but  one  variety,  Climb- 
ing Jules  Margottin,  is  not  only  one  of  the 
strongest  growers  among  them,  but  yields  fully 
as  many  flowers  and  of  quite  as  good  quality,  .as 
the  parent  plant.  ]^one  of  them  make  growth 
enough  to  cover  large  buildings,  but  for  growing 
on  a  trellis  or  pillar  they  are  very  desirable. 
We  are  likely  to  have  many  valuable  additions  to 
this  class  in  the  near  future  ;  it  is  already  an  im- 
portant group.  Besides  Climbing  Jules  Margot- 
tin, the  most  valuable  members  of  the  group 
which  we  have  tested  are  Keine  Marie  Henriette, 
Princess  Louise  Victoria,  and  Climbing  Victor 
Verdier.  The  former  was  raised  from  the  Climb- 
ing Tea,  Mme.  Berard,  fertilized  by  General 
Jacqueminot  ;  it  is  a  highly  scented  re^  rose, 
somewhat  resembling  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  and 
though  not  a  free  autumnal  sort  will  give  a  num- 
ber of  blooms  throughout  the  summer  months. 
Climbing  Victor  Verdier  differs  mainly  from  the 


ROSES   IN    GENERAL   CULTIVATION.  27 

parent  in  being  of  stronger  growth,  tlie  flowers 
are  somewhat  smaller,  and  less  freely  produced. 
Climbing  Edward  Morren,  Bessie  Johnson,  and 
Mdlle.  Eugenie  Yerdier  are  neYv^  varieties  which 
we  have  not  seen  in  flower  but  are  well  spoken 
of.  Other  varieties  in  the  class  are  Catherine 
Bell  and  Red  Dragon.  Glory  of  Cheshunt, 
raised  from  Charles  Lefebvre,  is  a  new  variety 
sent  out  by  G.  Paul,  of  Cheshunt,  England.  We 
saw  this  in  flower,  during  a  visit  to  Cheshunt  in 
August,  1880,  and  w^ere  very  favorably  impressed 
with  it  ;  should  it  succeed  as  well  here  as  there, 
it  will  be  the  best  rose  of  the  class.  It  is  a  vivid 
crimson,  freely  produced,  and  of  vigorous 
growth  ;  it  must  be  a  natural  hybrid,  or  cross,  as 
no  seedling  of  Charles  Lefebvre  yet  produced  will 
compare  in  vigor  of  growth  with  this  new  sort. 

The  MiGrojyhylla  or  Small-Leaved  Hose  {Eosa 
Miorophylla)  is  a  native  of  China,  and  brought 
from  there  to  England  in  1823.  The  leaf-stalks 
are  covered  with  numerous  small  leaflets,  which 
give  a  name  to  the  class.  They  are  not  quite 
hardy  and  have  with  one  exception  but  little 
value.  Alba  or  Alba  Odorata  seems  to  have 
some  Tea  blood  ;  the  flowers  are  a  pale  yellowish 


28  THE   ROSE. 

white,   often  pure    wLite,   and  liiglily  scented. 
Tills  is  a  valuable  rose  south  of  Washington. 

The  Noisette  or  Champney  Hose  {Rosa  Mos- 
chata  Hyhridd)  is  of  American  origin.  From 
the  seed  of  the  White  Musk  Rose  ferti]ized  by 
the  Blush  China  (Bengal),  John  Champney,  of 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  raised  a  variety 
which  was  called  Champney's  Pink  Cluster.  A 
few  years  after,  Philippe  Noisette,  a  florist,  also 
of  Charleston,  raised  from  the  seed  of  Champ- 
ney's Pink  Cluster  a  blush  variety,  which  he 
sent  to  his  brother,  Louis  Noisette,  of  Paris, 
France,  under  the  name  of  Noisette  Rose,  not 
giving  credit  to  Mr.  Champney,  as  the  originator 
of  the  class,  which  has  ever  since  borne  the 
wrong  title  of  Noisette  Rose.  Louis  Noisette 
received  it  about  the  year  1817.  These  roses, 
originally,  had  the  characteristics  in  a  great 
measure  of  the  old  Musk  Rose,  such  as  scent  and 
a  tendency  to  bloom  in  large  clusters.  The  group 
is  naturally  of  strong  growth  and  nearly  hardy, 
but  the  varieties  which  are  now  commonly  grown 
have  generally  Tea  blood  in  them,  and  have 
therefore  in  a  great  measure  lost  their  hardiness 
and  the  tendency  to  bloom  in  clusters. 


ROSES    I:N^    GEiq^EEAL    CULTIVAT102S".  29 

Among  the  true  Noisettes,  Aimee  Yibei-t 
(Scandens)  is  decidedly  tlie  most  valuable  ;  the 
flowers  are  small  but  pure  white,  sufficiently  full, 
of  beautiful  form  ;  the  foliage  is  a  dark  lustrous 
green  ;  growth  vigorous.  Others  belonging  to 
this  division  are  Admiral  Rigney  or  Eugene 
Pirolle,  Beauty  of  Greenmount,  Caroline  Mar- 
niesse,  Fellenberg,  Ophirie,  Pumila,  Washington, 
Woodland  Marguerite.  None  of  these  will  have 
interest  for  small  cultivators,  excepting  perhaps 
Pumila,  and  this  is  somewhat  more  tender  than 
the  rest.  Among  the  Tea-scented  Noisettes  we 
have  some  superb  roses,  which  have  far  more 
substance,  and  are  much  more  beautiful,  than 
those  named  above,  albeit  less  hardy.  They 
make  magnificent  chmbers  under  glass,  and  some 
of  them  succeed  fairly  well  at  the  Nortli  out  of 
doors,  if  given  sheltered  positions.  In  the 
Southern  States  they  are  by  far  the  finest  climb- 
ers that  can  be  grown.  Marechal  Niel,  which  is 
said  to  have  been  raised  from  Isabella  Gray,  ac- 
cording to  general  opinion,  is  at  once  the  best 
Noisette,  the  finest  yellow,  and  the  most  beauti- 
ful variety  of  any  class  that  has  ever  been  sent 
out.     Chromatella  is  another  superb  yellow,  in 


30  THE   ROSE. 

beauty  of  flower  but  a  few  degrees  removed  from 
the  Marecbal ;  but  sbe  is  shy  of  her  charms,  and 
unless  carefully  treated  will  not  display  her 
beauty.  If  you  would  have  flowers  in  profusion 
from  any  of  these  roses,  you  must  keep  away  the 
pruning-knife,  excepting  when  it  is  necessary  to 
cut  away  shoots  altogether.  Dr.  Kane  and  Isa- 
bella Gray  are  two  lovely  roses  of  American 
origin  which  demand  the  same  skill  in  manage- 
ment as  Chromatella.  Solf  aterre  is  the  most  use- 
ful yellow  of  them  all ;  it  is  hardier,  of  better 
habit,  and  more  certain  to  flower  than  any,  and 
the  blooms  are  but  little  inferior.  Besides  all 
this,  it  makes  the  best  stock  on  which  to  bud 
Teas,  or  Hybrids  from  the  Teas,  of  any  that  I 
am  acquainted  with,  siu'passing  that  excellent 
stock  and  parent  variety,  Lamarque.  I  should 
advise  all  persons  who  wish  to  grow  Tea  Roses, 
under  glass,  planted  in  borders,  to  put  out  plants 
of  Solfaterre,  and  on  these,  after  they  have  made 
sufficient  growth,  to  bud  all  but  the  vigorous 
growing  Teas.  Marechal  Niel  and  all  the  Gloirc 
de  Dijon  type  of  Teas  are  improved  by  being 
worked  on  this  stock.  Being  much  less  hardy 
than  the  Common  Brier,  it  would  not  be  so  good 


EOSES   IN    GENERAL    CULTIVATION.  31 

it  foster-parent  for  the  Teas  wliicli  are  worked 
out  cf  doors,  but  under  glass  I  know  of  nothing 
equal  to  it.  Lamarque  is  a  superior  old  wliite 
rose,  wliicli  lias  somewhat  gone  out  of  cultiva- 
tion ;  but  this  should  not  be,  for  it  retains  the 
clustering  tendency  of  the  race  and  produces  an 
immense  quantity  of  flowers  during  the  season. 
It  is  a  noble  rose.  Nearly  all  th*e  fine  Tea- 
]^oisettes  are  traced  back  to  Lamarque.  Besides 
those  already  named,  we  have  Cehne  Forestier, 
Mme.  Caroline  Kuster,  Triomphe  de  Eennes, 
and  W.  A.  Eichardson,  all  fine  yellow  roses,  of 
healthy  habit  and  easy  of  cultivation. 

77ie  Polyantha  Remontant  Bose  {Rosa  Poly- 
antha)  was  brought  from  Japan  about  the  year 
1865,  by  Robert  Fortune,  and  is  distinguished 
from  all  other  classes  by  its  panicled  blooms. 
This  peculiarity  is  not  generally  retained,  how- 
ever, when  crossed  with  other  roses,  at  least  not 
in  most  of  the  varieties  which  have  been  sent  out 
as  seedlings  from  it.  M.  Jean  Sisley,  the  eminent 
horticulturist  of  Lyons,  says  of  this  class  :  ^'  It 
appears  not  to  have  crossed  any  of  the  other  tjpes 
with  its  own  pollen.  In  a  bed  I  made  two  years 
ago,  with  the  seed  in  question  (without  practis- 


32  THE   ROSE. 

ing  artificial  fertilization),  I  found  pure  Eglan- 
tines. I  would  therefore  recommend  rosarians 
to  try  artificial  fertilization  on  the  other  types, 
as,  if  we  could  get  Tea-scented  Bourbons,  and 
Perpetual  Hybrids  with  flowers  in  panicles,  we 
should  change  the  whole  aspect  of  the  rose  gar- 
den, and  in  a  most  interesting  way  modify  the 
rose  genus." 

We  believe  some  of  the  French  rosarians 
have  acted  on  this  suggestion,  and  that  they 
have  in  a  measure  been  successful  in  producing 
roses  with  these  characteristics,  as  in  the  two  vari- 
eties Paquerette  raised  by  Guillot-fils,  and  Anne 
Marie  de  Montravel  raised  by  RambaUx  and  Du- 
breuil.  In  August,  1880,  when  in  Lyons,  we 
saw  a  very  pretty  variety  of  this  group  raised 
from  a  seedling  of  Polyantha  crossed  by  a  Tea. 
The  blooms,  which  are  of  a  very  delicate  sahnon- 
pink,  are  freely  produced  and  highly  scented. 
If  it  proves  to  be  of  good  habit,  it  ^vill  be  a 
charming  variety  for  bouquets,  etc.  It  has  since 
been  named  Mdlle.  Cecile  Brunner.  These 
three  sorts  are  the  only  ones  of  value  as  yet  sent 
out  ;  all  are  remontant,  which  is  not  the  case 
with  the  parent  variety. 


ROSES  i:s;  general  cultivation.  33 

The  Climbing  Tea  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Odo- 
rata  Scandens)  is  a  class,  or  division,  so  distinct 
from  the  other  Teas,  that  it  requires  a  place  for 
itself.     Nearly  all  the  varieties  catalogued  in  this 
division  are  descendants  of  Gloire  de  Dijon,  but 
hybridizers  are   making  great  progress  of  late, 
and  it  is  probable  we  shall  soon  have  varieties 
from  other  strains  and  outcrosses  to  be  added  to 
the  list  of  Climbing  Teas.     The  origin  of  Gloire 
de   Dijon   is  unknown.     It  was  raised   in  the 
South  of   France  by  Jacotot,   and    sent  out  in 
1853,  creating  a  great  furor  in  rose-circles.     My 
opinion  is,  that  we  have  in  this  a  natural  hybrid 
produced  from  the  seed  of  some  strong  growing 
Tea,  or  Tea-Noisette  which  had  been  impregnat- 
ed by  a  Bourbon  of  robust   habit.     Gloire  de 
Dijon  and  its  offspring  are  of  vigorous  growth 
when  once  established,  but  the  young  plants  re- 
quire a  long  time  (if  grown  from  cuttings)  before 
they  have  vitality  enough  to  push  into  strong 
growth.      It  is  therefore  a  great  advantage  to 
obtain  them  worked  on  some  other  stock,  such 
as  Solfaterre,  De  la  Grifferaie,  or  seedling  Brier. 
The  foKage  is  very  large,  thick,  and  lustrous  ; 
thorns    comparatively  few  ;  the  flowers    are  of 


34  THE   HOSE. 

large  size,  globular  shape,  full,  and  with  some 
fragrance.  None  of  the  progeny  are  quite  equal 
to  the  mother  variety  in  freedom  of  bloom, 
hardiness,  or  fragrance  ;  Marie  Berton,  a  superb 
pale  yellow  rose,  ranks  second.  Next  in  order 
come  Belle  Lyonnaise,  Mme.  Trifle,  and  Mme. 
Berard,  this  last  being  too  much  like  Gloire  de 
Dijon  to  be  valuable  in  a  small  collection.  The 
new  variety,  Reine  Marie  Ilenriette,  which 
might  be  classed  with  these,  has  already  been 
mentioned  and  described  among  the  Hybrid 
Climbers.  This  sort,  unhke'the  Gloire  de  Dijon 
race,  will  make  strong  plants  grown  from  cut- 
tings, rooting  and  growing  as  freely  as  General 
Jacqueminot.  Besides  these  varieties,  we  have 
Climbing  Devoniensis,  a  sport  from  old  Devo- 
niensis  and  identical  with  it  in  flower,  but  of 
much  stronger  growth.  Except  Climbing  De- 
voniensis they  are  more  than  half-hardy,  and  will 
do  well  out  of  doors  in  positions  that  are  shel- 
tered. 

Class  2. — Autumnal  non-Climbers. 

The  Bengal  or  China  Rose  (Rosa  Indica)   is 
a  native  of  China  which  was  brought  to  Europe 


KOSES   IN   GEiq-ERAL   CULTIVATION-.  35 

some  time  duriDg  the  eighteenth  century.  Two 
Yarieties  were  introduced,  the  Blush  China  and 
Crimson  China ;  from  these  a  great  number  of 
seedlings  have  been  raised,  many  of  them  crosses 
from  Teas.  Two  groups  are  often  made  of  these 
roses,  but  there  is  no  necessity  of  this,  as  very 
few  differ  sufficiently  to  make  two  divisions  de- 
sirable. They  are  of  moderate,  branching 
growth,  with  foliage  and  flowers  both  small. 
They  require  a  rich  soil  and  close  pruning  ;  thus 
favored,  they  give  perhaps  a  greater  quantity  of 
flowers  during  the  season  than  any  other  class. 
They  are  not  hardy  and  have  no  fragrance,  but 
in  spite  of  this  are  a  very  valuable  group  on  ac- 
count of  the  profusion  of  crimson  buds  which 
are  furnished  by  such  sorts  as  Agrippina.  A 
bed  of  Agrippina,  on  a  lawn,  is  a  most  desirable 
thing  ;  none  of  the  other  crimsons  are  quite 
equal  to  this  old  sort,  from  whatever  point  of 
view  they  be  considered  ;  among  them,  w^e  note 
Eugene  Beauharnais,  Fabvier,  Louis  Philippe. 
The  leading  varieties  of  lighter  shades  are  Cels 
Multiflora,  Clara  Sylvain,  Ducher,  and  Mme. 
Bureau.  Two  varieties  of  the  class  which  have 
marked  peculiarities   are  Yiridiflora  or  Yiridis- 


36  THE  ROSE. 

cens,  and  James  Sprunt.  The  former  is  prob- 
ably a  sport  from  the  old  Blush,  or  one  of  its  im- 
mediate descendants  ;  its  peculiarity  consists  in 
green  flowers  which  are  freely  produced  ;  though 
curious,  they  are  not  attractive,  and  there  is  no 
value  in  it,  save  as  a  curiosity.  James  Sprunt 
originated  in  the  year  1858.  Eev.  James  M. 
Sprunt,  D.D.,  a  Presbyterian  clergyman  of 
Kenansville,  North  Carolina,  divided  some  strong 
plants  of  Agrippina.  Afterwards  he  observed  a 
single  shoot  from  one  of  these  plants  growing 
vigorously  without  flowers  or  branches  ;  it  grew 
over  fifteen  feet  before  it  showed  any  flower 
buds,  the  rest  of  the  plant  retaining  its  normal 
characteristics.  This  shoot  branched  out  very 
freely  the  following  year,  and  cuttings  taken 
from  it  invariably  retained  the  same  cHmbing 
habit.  The  flowers  of  James  Sprunt  are  some- 
what larger  and  fuller  than  Agrippina,  but  are, 
of  course,  not  produced  till  the  plant  has  made 
considerable  growth.  It  is  a  valuable  green- 
house climber.  What  are  called  Fairy  Koses  are 
miniature  Bengals  ;  we  do  not  consider  them  of 
any  value,  the  Bengals  are  small  enough. 

The  Bourbon  Rose  {Rosa  Bourhoniand)  was 


ROSES   IN   GENERAL   CULTIVATION".  37 

obtained  from  the  Isle  of  Bourbon  and  taken  to 
France  (either  seeds  or  plants)  in  the  early  part 
of  the  century.  It  was  noticed  growing  in  a 
hedge  of  Bengal  and  Damask  Perpetual  Roses, 
and  on  examination  proved  distinct  from  either, 
but  seemed  to  have  characteristics  which  per- 
tained to  both.  It  has  been  considered  therefore 
as  a  natural  hybrid,  a  product  from  these  two 
groups.  Except  in  the  case  of  varieties  strongly 
impregnated  with  Tea  blood,  this  class  is  suffi- 
ciently hardy  to  withstand  all  but  extraordinary 
winters  ;  the  tops  may  be  blackened  by  the  frost, 
but  shoots  will  push  forth  from  the  lower  buds. 
The  varieties  vary  greatly  in  growth  and  other 
features,  but  "most  of  them  are  of  vigorous  habit, 
and  have  dark,  lustrous  foliage.  The  flowers 
are  generally  of  light  shades  and  found  in  clus- 
ters, and  are  specially  valuable  in  the  autumn, 
when  so  many  Hybrid  Perpetuals  belie  their 
.name.  But  it  must  not  be  overlooked  that  many 
Bourbon  Roses  are  also  shy  autumnals,  though 
mention  of  this  is  seldom  made  in  any  of  the 
catalogues,  and  the  impression  is  therefore  gener- 
al that  all  Bourbon  Roses  produce  flowers  freely 
in  the  autumn.     There  are  several  well-known 


38  THE   ROSE. 

sorts,  like  Dnpetit  Thouars,  Sir  J.  Paxton,  etc., 
that  will  not  produce  flowers  in  the  fall  of  the 
year  at  all,  unless  specially  pruned  and  treated. 
Those  which  are  of  moderate  growth  require  rich 
soil  and  close  pruning  ;  such  are  Hermosa,  Queen 
of  Bourbons,  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  and  the 
new  Queen  of  Bedders,  all  excellent  varieties 
worthy  a  place  in  a  small  collection.  The 
stronger  growers  need  to  have  less  wood  re- 
moved, but  must  have  moderate  pruning.  The 
best  of  them  are  Apolline,  Cornice  de  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  Duchesse  de  Thuringe,  Edward  Des- 
f osses,  George  Peabody,  and  Malmaison.  If  these 
have  the  shoots  moderately  cut  back  so  soon  as 
each  is  through  flowering,  they  will  give  a  suc- 
cession of  flowers  from  June  until  cut  off  by  the 
frost.  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  is  the  general 
favorite  of  this  group,  but  I  consider  Apolline 
as  the  most  valuable  ;  it  flowers  with  the  same 
freedom  as  Hermosa,  when  cut  back  as  directed 
above,  and  has  large  cup-shaped  blossoms  of 
rosy-carmine  that  are  very  attractive.  Ko  col- 
lection can  be  complete  with  this  variety  left 
out. 

The  Hybrid  Noisette  Rose  {Rosa  Noisettiana 


ROSES  IIT   GENERAL   CULTIVATION?'.  39 

Hybrida)  is  a  coiiij)arativelj  n  ew  group  of  con- 
siderable importance.  The  varieties  of  this 
class  generally,  though  not  always,  flower  in 
small  clusters  and  bloom  very  freely  throughout 
the  season  ;  they  are  of  about  the  same  degree  of 
hardiness  as  the  Bourbons — that  is  will  winter 
with  perfect  safety  if  given  some  slight  protec- 
tion, such  as  liiUing  up  earth  about  the  plants  or 
covering  them  with  loose  litter  or  evergreen 
branches.  It  is  not  easy  to  ascertain  the  origin 
of  this  class,  but  the  varieties  are  mostly  from 
crosses  of  Bourbon  on  Noisette  and  vice  versa. 
They  all  require  pretty  severe  pruning.  The 
most  beautiful  in  the  class  are  Madame  !Noman, 
Mdlle.  Bonnaire,  and  Ehza  Boelle,  a  trio  of  white 
roses  which  might  well  represent  the  three 
Graces.  There  is  too  strong  a  resemblance  be- 
tween them  to  make  all  desirable  in  a  small  col- 
lection, but  it  is  difficult  to  know  which  of  them 
to  reject.  Our  own  preference  inchnes  towards 
Madame  l^oman.  These  are  the  most  delicate 
in  habit  ;  of  the  stronger  growing  varieties 
which  partake  more  of  the  Noisette  character. 
Coquette  des  Alpes,  Coquette  des  Blanches,  and 
Mme.    Auguste    Perrin   are   most   noteworthv. 


40  THE  ROSE. 

Baronne  de  Maynard,  Madame  Alfred  de  Rouge- 
mont,  and  Madame  Frangois  Pittet  are  worthy 
a  place  in  collections  of  considerable  extent. 

The  Hybrid  Perjpetual,  or  Hybrid  Remontant 
Hose  (Hosa  Damascena  Hybrida),  is  by  far  the 
most  valuable,  if  not  the  most  beautiful,  of  all 
groups  of  roses.  The  first  varieties  sent  out 
were  mostly  from  crosses  of  Bourbons  upon 
Damask  Perpetuals  and  Hybrid  Chinas  ;  after- 
wards crosses  were  made  with  varieties  of  Prov- 
ence, Damask,  and  French  Roses  upon  Bour- 
bons, Bengals,  and  Teas,  and  vice  versa.  The 
progeny  of  these  was  then  recrossed  with  differ- 
ent classes,  and  so  it  is  we  have  a  group  of  the 
most  heterogeneous  character,  combining  the 
good  and  bad  qualities,  in  greater  or  less  degree, 
of  nearly  all  the  others.  There  are  certain  types 
in  this  group  which  gather  together  many  varie- 
ties, in  which  the  relationship  to  some  one  sort 
is  readily  discerned,  as  the  Jules  Margottin  type. 
General  Jacqueminot  and  its  progeny,  and  the 
La  Reine  family  ;  but  there  is  a  vast  number  of 
sorts  whose  kinship  cannot  be  traced  ;  this  is  ow- 
ing to  the  fact  that  the  greater  number  of  varie- 
ties have  been  raised  from  mixed  seed,  where  no 


ROSES  IN-   GENERAL  CULTIVATION.  41 

record  was  made  of  tlie  names  ;  and  also  that  in 
many  cases,  where  the  seed  of  different  varieties 
was  sown  separately,  there  has  often  been  a  care- 
lessness in  making  such  a  record,  dependence 
being  placed  on  the  memory  alone.  So  that 
many  varieties  whose  parentage  is  given  are 
oftentimes  not  properly  traced  ;  it  being  made  a 
matter  of  conjecture,  or  left  to  fallible  memory 
to  recall.  The  varieties  differ  greatly  in  all 
their  characteristics,  and  so  require  somewhat 
different  culture  and  treatment.  Those  that  are 
of  vigorous  growth,  as  in  other  classes,  need 
much  less  pruning  than  those  of  dwarfed  habit, 
for  if  cut  back  too  severely  they  run  too  much 
to  wood.  There  have  been  hundreds  of  varie- 
ties of  this  class  sent  out,  and  the  number  of  new 
sorts  somewhat  increases  each  year.  Eugene  Yer- 
dier,  of  Paris,  has  been  foremost  in  the  dissem- 
ination of  new  sorts,  and  it  will  be  interesting  to 
take  note  of  the  number  of  varieties  offered  by 
him,  including  those  of  his  own  raising,  for  a 
few  years  back.  In  1872  he  offered  for  sale  39 
new  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses,  8  of  them  his  own 
seedlings  ;  in  1873  he  offered  45,  10  of  them  his 
own  ;  in  1874  he  offered  46,   10   of   them   his 


42  THE   ROSE. 

own  ;  in  1875  he  offered  48,  12  of  them  his 
own  ;  in  1876  he  offered  34,  10  of  them  his 
own  ;  in  1877  he  offered  41,  10  of  them  his 
own  ;  in  1878  he  offered  40,  10  of  them  his 
own  ;  in  1879  he  offered  42,  8  of  them  his  own. 
There  are,  of  course,  several  new  sorts  each  year 
which  M.  Yerdier  does  not  get  hold  of  ;  inclnding 
these  it  will  be  seen  that  there  are  not  less  than 
45  new  Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses  introduced  each 
year  ;  perhaps  one-fifth  of  them  are  worth  grow- 
ing, certainly  not  more.  The  rest,  either  from 
being  inferior  in  quality  to  old-established  sorts, 
or  from  too  great  similarity  to  them,  are  ulti- 
mately consigned  to  the  rubbish  heap.  No  satis- 
factory selection  can  be  made  from  this  innu- 
merable class,  except  as  made  for  some  special 
end,  and  having  some  prominent  features  in 
view.  We  therefore  give  special  chapters  to  a 
consideration  of  the  best  Hybrid  Perpetuals  for 
special  purposes,  in  w^hich  the  various  merits  and 
peculiarities  of  different  varieties  are  discussed 
at  some  length. 

The  Hybrid  Tea  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Odorata 
Hyhrida)  is  a  new  group  yjroduced  from  cross- 
ing Teas  with  Hybrid  Perpetuals.     This  is  a  ckss 


ROSES   IN   GENERAL   CULTIVATION.  43 

but  yet  in  an  incipient  state  ;  witliin  a  few  years 
it  is  likely  there  will  be  a  great  number  of  varie- 
ties where  now  there  are  but  few  ;  it  is  also  to 
be  expected  that  there  will  be  various  and  dis- 
tinct types  among  them.  Indeed  among  those 
we  already  have,  La  France,  Cheshunt  Hybrid, 
and  Beauty  of  Stapleford  show  almost  as  mark- 
ed variations  as  could  be  found  among  any 
Hybrid  Perpetuals.  In  these  three,  we  have  La 
France,  which,  with  a  perfume  peculiar  to  itself, 
is  the  sweetest  of  all  roses,  and  equal  to  any  in 
the  profusion  of  bloom  ;  Cheshunt  Hybrid,  which 
shows  the  Tea  blood  in  its  foliage  more  than  in 
any  other  way  ;  what  fragrance  it  has  is  more 
like  that  of  Alfred  Colomb  or  Prince  Camille 
than  like  a  Tea  ;  it  seldom  shows  a  flower  after 
the  first  of  August  ;  and  Beauty  of  Stapleford, 
entirely  without  scent,  but  with  a  decided  resem- 
blance to  the  Teas  in  fohage,  appearance  of  the 
flowers,  and  profusion  of  bloom.  These  roses 
must  prove  more  hardy  than  most  of  the  Teas, 
but  more  susceptible  to  frost  and  of  more  deli- 
cate constitution  than  the  majority  of  the  Hybrid 
Remontants.  Certain  ones  among  them,  as  La 
France,  Duchess  of  Connaught,  and  Viscountess 


44:  THE   ROSE. 

Falmouth,  combine  beautiful  flowers  with  great 
profusion  of  bloom  and  intense  fragrance  ;  such 
are  the  kinds  that  give  value  to  the  class,  and 
unless  raisers  can  supply  new  varieties  in  the 
group  which  combine  these  three  qualities,  they 
should  be  withheld  as  unfit  to  send  out.  Jean 
Sisley,  Captain  Christy,  and  Beauty  of  Staple- 
ford  may  have  value  now,  while  the  group  is 
yet  small,  but  being  devoid  of  scent  are  not 
varieties  to  pattern  after.  Captain  Christy  occu- 
pies a  somewhat  equivocal  position  in  this  class, 
being  seeded  from  a  Hybrid  Perpetual  Kose 
(Victor  Yerdier)  fertilized  by  the  Tea  Safrano, 
while  all  the  others  are  seeded  from  Tea  Roses 
fertilized  by  Hybrid  Remontants  ;  but  it  seems 
eminently  proper  that  at  least  all  direct  crosses 
between  the  two  classes,  no  matter  whether  the 
seed  parent  be  Tea  or  Hybrid  Perpetual,  should 
be  grouped  with  the  Hybrid  Teas.  These  roses 
are  all  of  moderate  growth,  and  must  have  close 
pruning  and  be  grown  in  rich  soil.  Most  of 
them  (ten  varieties)  were  sent  out  in  1879  by 
Mr.  Henry  Bennett,  of  Stapleford,  England.  It 
is  not  yet  known  how  desirable  they  will  be  for 
out-of-door  culture,  but  for  forcing  under  glass 


E0SE3  11^^  GENERAL  CULTIVATIOiT.  45 

a  few  of  Bennett's  raising  are  proving  to  be  of 
some  value.  They  seem  to  produce  as  many 
flowers  in  the  season  as  do  the  Bengals,  excelling 
many  of  the  Teas  proper  in  profusion  of  bloom. 
Beauty  of  Stapleford  and  Duchess  of  Westmin- 
ster furnish  very  pretty  rose-colored  buds,  which 
are  unfortunately  scentless.  Duchess  of  Con- 
naught,  at  a  first  glance,  might  readily  be  mis- 
taken for  La  France,  having  much  the  same 
shade  of  color,  but  the  flowers  are  somewhat 
smaller  and  of  rounder  form  ;  it  is  the  only 
variety  which  resembles  La  France  in  perfume. 
Jean  Sisley  does  not  open  well  in  the  house,  and 
is  a  scentless  variety  of  rather  a  muddy  shade  of 
color ;  we  do  not  consider  it  of  value.  Nancy 
Lee  is  highly  perfumed  and  gives  lovely  formed 
buds,  but  it  is  of  very  delicate  habit.  Michael 
Saunders  and  Viscountess  Falmouth  are  two  sorts 
of  considerable  substance,  highly  scented,  which 
we  consider  valuable  introductions;  the  latter  has 
a  delightful  blending  of  the  perfumes  to  be  found 
in  the  parents  President  (Tea)  and  the  Moss 
Soupert-et-lS'otting,  the  odor  of  the  Moss  pre- 
dominating. Duke  of  Conn  aught  and  Hon. 
George  Bancroft  are  two  dark  roses,  which  will 


46  THE   ROSE. 

be  more  valuable  to  the  florist,  if  sufficiently  vig- 
orous, than  all  the  rest ;  the  former  is  the  deeper 
in  shade,  but,  in  spite  of  its  breeding,  is  without 
scent  ;  the  latter,  though  of  lighter  color,  is  highly 
j)erfumed  ;  both  give  beautiful  buds.  Pearl  is 
a  small  rose  with  a  distinct  Bourbon  fragrance,  a 
good  thing  for  cut  flowers.  The  four  new 
Hybrid  Teas  of  French  origin,  Cannes  La 
Coquette,  Mme.  Alexandre  Bernaix,  Mme. 
Etienne  Levet,  and  Mdlle.  Brigitte  Yiolet,  all 
promise  to  be  useful  sorts.  This  class  of  roses, 
on  account  of  its  novelty  and  promise  of  useful- 
ness, is  now  looked  upon  with  more  interest  than 
any  other,  and  will,  in  a  few  years,  very  likely 
prove  the  most  popular  class,  excepting  the  Hy- 
brid Perpetual  and  Tea. 

The  Perpetual  Moss  Rose  {Rosa  Centifolia 
M%iSG0sd)  has  the  same  characteristics  (and  needs 
the  same  treatment)  as  the  Moss  Rose  already 
described,  but  in  addition  to  the  June  blossoming 
produces  flowers  during  the  summer  and  autumn. 
There  are  but  three  sorts  which  we  consider 
worth  growing.  Many  worthless  varieties  in  the 
class  have  been  sent  out ;  if  the  flowers  were  of 
fair  quality,  they  were  so  seldom  seen  after  the 


KOSES  11^  GENERAL  CULTIVATIOlf.  47 

month  of  June  as  to  belie  their  name.  Mme. 
Edward  Ory  and  Salet  both  give  mossy  buds  that 
are  not  equal  in  quality  to  other  Mosses,  but  give 
them  at  a  time  of  year  when  the  others  are  not 
to  be  had,  and  are  therefore  very  useful.  Sou- 
pert- et-Notting  is  not  encumbered  with  a  super- 
fluity of  moss,  if  it  is  with  a  name,  but  w^e  have 
here  a  large  rose-colored  sort,  very  full,  of  fine 
form,  and  a  strong  delightful  perfume  that  may 
keep  one  sniffing  for  a  long  time  before  he  can 
go  away  satisfied.  Our  eyes  may  brighten  at  the 
sight  of  other  autumnal  roses  more  beautiful  than 
this,  but  there  are  very  few  sorts  so  grateful  to 
that  other  important  sense — smell.  With  oh  ! 
and  with  ah  !  and  sundry  other  relevant  remarks 
we  may  gloat  over  this  rose,  as  does  the  street 
Arab  inspecting  the  pies  and  confections  in  the 
window  of  a  pastry-shop. 

The  Tea  Rose  {Rosa  Indica  Odorata)  may 
well  be  taken  as  a  synonym  for  all  that  is  deli- 
cately beautiful.  What  refinement  of  color ; 
what  subdued,  yet  powerful,  fragrance  do  they 
possess  !  They  are  indeed  the  centre  of  loveli- 
ness ;  like  fair  maids  at  a  reception  surrounded 
by  admiring  groups,   these  lend  beauty  to  the 


48  THE    KOSE. 

others,  which  may  well  strive  to  find  a  near  ap- 
proach to  their  sweet  presence,  that  perchance 
they  may  receive  a  smile,  and  borrow  beauty, 
diffused  from  their  chaste  loveliness.  There  has 
always  been  a  warm  place  in  my  heart  for  the 
Tea  Rose,  for,  suh  rosa,  let  me  confess  it,  this 
was  my  first  love  (I  fear  no  conjugal  jealousy 
or  censure  in  making  this  confession)  ;  a  bed  of 
Tea  Eoses  planted  near  my  father's  house  first 
won  me  as  a  devotee  to  the  rose,  and  by  foliage 
and  flower  I  learned  to  distinguish  varieties 
among  them  before  I  even  knew  the  names  in 
other  classes  ;  I  should  now  as  soon  think  of 
doing  without  roses  altogether  as  not  to  have  a 
bed  of  Teas  in  my  garden. 

Several  varieties  in  this  group  were  brought  to 
England  from  China,  their  native  place,  in  the 
early  part  of  the  century  ;  among  them  were  the 
Blush  Tea  and  Yellow  Tea,  two  varieties  from 
which  most  of  the  sorts  now  in  cultivation  have 
descended.  Both  of  these  kinds  are  free  seed- 
bearers,  the  Yellow  Tea  more  particularly  ;  it  has 
beautiful  buds  of  pale  yellow,  but  the  habit  of 
the  plant  being  unhealthy  it  has  now  nearly  gone 
out  of  cultivation.     The  old  Blush   is   also   no 


ROSES    11^"    GENERAL    CULTIVATION.  49 

longer  named  in  most  catalogues,  but  there  are 
many  rosarians  still  living  who  cherish  it  in 
affectionate  remembrancQ  and  recollect  it  as  one 
of  the  most  fragrant  in  the  family.  Most  of  the 
varieties  in  this  group  are  very  sensitive  to  any 
neglect,  and  will  show  very  quickly  whether  they 
have  met  with  good  or  ill  treatment  ;  the  soil  can 
scarcely  be  made  too  rich  for  their  reception,  but 
it  must  be  light,  warm,  and  well  drained.  If 
the  place  chosen  consist  of  heavy  clay  soil,  a  foot 
or  more  must  be  dug  out,  carted  away,  and  filled 
up  with  that  which  is  mellow.  As  most  of  the 
varieties  are  of  but  moderate  growth,  they  re- 
quire rather  close  pruning.  To  protect  them 
during  winter,  we  advise  hilling  up  eartli 
about  the  plants  and  then  spreading  over  ever- 
green branches  or  loose  litter.  Care  must  be  ex- 
ercised that  the  plants  be  not  embedded  and 
packed  down  with  a  heavy  mass,  otherwise  decay 
and  death  will  ensue  ;  some  air  will  needs  be  ad- 
mitted ;  the  plants  must  be  protected  but  not 
smothered. 

The  Tea  class  is  much  more  uniform  in  the 
characteristics  of  the  different  varieties  than  are 
any  of  tiie  other  large  groups.     In  judging  of 


50  THE   ROSE. 

their  merits  Tve  lay  less  stress  on  fulness  of  flower 
tlian  on  other  claims,  because  most  of  those 
which  have  comparatively  few  petals  are  very 
beautiful  in  bud,  and  it  is  for  the  buds  that  Teas 
are  largely  prized.  Thus  Isabella  Sprunt  and 
Marie  Guillot  are  two  roses  highly  prized,  but  one 
of  them  is  only  semi-double,  while  the  other  has 
so  many  petals  that  they  do  not  always  unfold 
satisfactorily.  The  flowers  vary  very  greatly  in 
size  as  well  as  in  fulness,  some  of  them,  like 
Canary,  Caroline,  and  Monsieur  Furtado,  being 
quite  small,  and  others  being  large,  as  Madame 
Bi*avy,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  etc. 

This  has  now  become  such  a  large  division  that 
it  is  no  easy  matter  to  select  out  a  number  of  varie- 
ties for  commendation,  but  those  named  below 
are  at  once  among  the  most  beautiful,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  of  the  most  healthy  habit— 2i  very  im- 
portant feature  to  be  considered. 

Bon  Silene,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  Safrano  are  to 
be  chosen  for  their  buds  only  ;  Mme.  Falcot,  a 
seedling  of  Safrano,  has  fuller  flowers  of  nearly 
the  same  shade,  but  they  are  not  so  freely  pro- 
duced and  the  habit  of  the  plant  is  more  feeble. 
The  following  are  fine  in  both  bud  and  flower  : 


ROSES   IN   GEJTERAL   CULTIVATIOiq'.  51 

Bougere,  Catherine  Mermet,  Comtesse  Riza  du 
Fare,  Gerard  Desbois,  Homer,  Jean  Ducher, 
Jean  Fernet,  Madame  Bravj,  Madame  de  Yatry, 
Madame  Lambard,  Madame  Welclie,  Marie 
Ducher,  Marie  Yan  Iloutte,  Monsieur  Furtado, 
Niphetos  (a  poor  grower),  Ferle  des  Jardins, 
Rubens,  Sombreuil,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Tri- 
ompbe  de  Luxembourg.  Among  these  Niphetos 
is  the  only  one  of  bad  growth,  but  it  is  so  much 
the  finest  of  the  white  Teas,  that  it  should  find  a 
place  in  every  collection  of  any  size.  Full  de- 
scriptions of  all  these  sorts  will  be  found  else- 
where. 


CHAPTEE  III. 

TECHNICAL    TERMS. 

The  rosarian  and  the  hasty  reader  are  invited 
to  pass  by  this  chapter,  but  if,  unversed  in  rose- 
lore,  any  reader  become  interested  in  the  subject, 
there  will  be  found  many  terms,  mostly  botanical, 
which  require  some  explanation,  as  presented 
herewith,  and  to  which  he  may  be  glad  to 
refer. 

Anther.     A  rounded  knob  at  the  summit  of  the 
filament ;    a  portion  of  the  stamen  which 
contains  the  pollen  or  fecundating  matter  of 
the  flower. 
Armed.     Provided  with  thorns  or  prickles. 
Calyx.     An  envelope  wliich  holds  the  other  parts 
of  the  flower  ;  it  consists  of  narrow  green 
leaves  or  sepals  of  a  pithy  texture ;   these 
sepals  generally  cohere  by  their  edges. 
Callus.     A  swelling  which  occurs   at  the  base 
of  a  cutting  previous  to  the  formation  of 
roots. 


TECHNICAL  TERMS.  53 

Corymb.  Flower  stalks  produced  along  a  com- 
mon stalk  which  rise  so  as  to  form  a  level 
top. 

Disbudded.  Deprived  of  flower  buds.  Flower 
buds  are  pinched  or  cut  away,  in  order  that 
those  remaining  will  attain  greater  perfec- 
tion. 

Eye.  The  stamen  and  pistils  of  a  flower.  Some- 
times this  term  is  used  synonymously  with 
bud. 

Filament.  The  thread-like  part  of  the  stamen 
which  supports  the  anther. 

Hip  or  Hep.     The  fruit  or  seed  pod. 

Hybrid.  A  cross,  which  is  the  product  of  a 
mixture  of  two  different  species. 

Leaflet.  One  of  the  divisions  of  the  compound 
leaf  with  which  all  roses  are  furnished  ;  these 
are  attached  to  the  petiole  by  minor  foot 
stalks. 

Maiden  Plant.  That  which  blooms  for  the  first 
time  after  budding  or  grafting. 

Ovary.  The  hollow  portion  at  the  base  of  a  pis- 
til containing  the  ovules  or  bodies  destined 
to  become  seeds. 

Panicle.     A  cluster  of  flowers   irregularly  pro- 


54  THE   ROSE. 

duced  from  a  main  stem,  or  peduncles  vari- 
ously divided. 

Peduncle.  The  stalk  upon  which  the  flower  is 
borne. 

Petal.     A  leaf  of  the  flower. 

Petiole.  The  stalk  to  which  are  attached  the 
several  leaflets. 

Pistil.  The  columnar  seed-bearing  organ  in  the 
centre  of  a  flower ;  sometimes  there  are 
several  in  one  flower  ;  it  consists  of  one  or 
more  styles,  one  or  more  stigmas  and  the 
ovary. 

Pollen.  The  fecundating  powdery  substance 
found  in  the  anthers. 

Remontant.  As  applied  to  roses  that  which 
flowers  the  second  time.  From  the  French 
verb  to  remount. 

Sepals.     Those  leaves  which  form  the  calyx. 

Sport.  A  shoot  or  sucker  from  a  plant  which 
shows  either  in  foliage,  flower,  vigor  of 
growth,  or  in  all  of  them,  some  peculiar  fea- 
ture or  features,  distinct  from  the  rest  of  the 
plant. 

Stamens.  The  male  organs  of  fructification  in  a 
flower,  surrounding  the  pistil. 


TECHNICAL  TERMS.  55 

Stigma.     The  top  portion  of  the  pistil  which 

receives  the  pollen   and   connects  with  the 

ovary  by  a  tube  through  the  centre  of  the 

style. 
Style.      The   erect   column,  sometimes  several 

combined  in  one,  which  connects  the  stigma 

with  the  ovary. 
Sucker.     A  branch  or  shoot  which  proceeds  from 

the  root,  or  stem  of  the  plant,  just  below 

the  surface. 


CHAPTEE  lY. 

POSITION   AND   SOIL. 

The  first  requisite  in  the  culture  of  roses  is 
the  selection  and  preparation  of  a  suitable  place 
for  planting.  This  is  very  important,  as  all  that 
follows  depends  upon  the  care  used  in  this  first 
step. 

To  begin  with,  then,  choose  the  best  place  you 
have  in  the  garden,  a  place  where  you  can  offer 
sufficient  protection  by  means  of  hedges  or  board 
fences  from  bleak  sweeping  winds.  When 
fences  are  used,  their  general  ugliness  can  be 
most  appropriately  clothed  by  roses  themselves. 
A  warm,  sunny  position  is  also  requisite  ;  if  so 
situated  that  there  is  an  exposure  to  the  morning 
sun,  and  the  hot  rays  during  the  afternoon  are  in 
part  or  wholly  shaded,  all  the  better,  but  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  sunlight  is  as  essential  to  a  rose's 
welfare  as  to  our  own,  though  many  of  us  do  not 
show  our  appreciation  of  the  blessings  of  sunlight 
as  gratefully  as  do  our  roses.     Besides  scattering 


POSITIOJq-   AN-D   SOIL.  57 

tliem  through  our  gardens,  roses  may  be  made 
very  effective  planted  in  borders  about  our  lawns, 
either  individually  or  in  groups,  and  also  planted 
in  beds  on  the  lawn. 

Thoughtlessness  often  leads  people  to  plant 
roses  under  the  shadow  of  overhanging  buildings, 
or  close  to  large  deep-rooted  trees  ;  and  then 
there  is  inquiry  and  wonderment  why  the  plants 
are  always  covered  with  mildew  ?  and  why  they 
do  not  blossom  and  grow  as  those  in  a  neighbor's 
yard,  where  there  are  always  beautiful  roses  to 
be  seen  ?  There  is  much  more  in  common,  or 
should  be,  between  animal  and  plant  life,  than  is 
practically  acknowledged  by  most  of  those  who 
strive  to  grow  roses.  Both  demand  for  their 
perfect  development  a  sufficiency  of  nourishing 
food  and  drink,  a  pure  atmosphere,  a  tempera- 
ture as  equable  as  possible,  and  thorough  cleanli- 
ness. Let  every  one  who  plants  roses  bear  this 
in  mind  and  we  shall  find  a  wonderful  improve- 
ment in  the  quality  and  quantity  of  the  flowers. 

^'  Some  having  heard  that  a  free  circulation  of 
air  and  abundance  of  sunshine  are  essential  ele- 
ments of  success,  select  a  spot  which  would  be 
excellent  for  a  windmill,  observatory,  beacon,  or 


58  THE   ROSE. 

Martello  tower  ;  and  there  tlie  poor  rose  trees 
stand,  or,  more  accurately  speaking,  wobble, 
with  their  leaves,  like  King  Lear's  silver  locks, 
rudely  blown  and  drenched  by  the  to-and-fro 
contending  wind  and  rain. 

^'  Others,  who  have  been  told  that  the  rose  loves 
shelter,  peace,  repose,  have  found  ^  such  a  dear 
snug  little  spot, '  not  only  surrounded  by  dense 
evergreen  shrubs,  but  overshadowed  by  giant 
trees.  Rest  is  there  assuredly — rest  for  the  rose, 
when  its  harassed  life  is  past,  when  it  has  nothing 
more  for  disease  to  prey  upon,  no  buds  for  the 
caterpillar,  no  foliage  for  the  aphis — the  rest  of 
a  mausoleum  !  I  was  taken  not  long  ago  to  a 
cemetery  of  this  description,  which  had  been  re- 
cently laid  out  ;  and  there  was  such  a  confident 
expectation  of  praise  in  the  pretty  face  of  the 
lady  who  took  me,  that  I  was  sorely  puzzled  how 
to  express  my  feelings.  I  wished  to  be  kind,  I 
wished  to  be  truthful  ;  and  the  result  was  some 
such  a  dubious  compliment  as  the  Sultan  paid  to 
the  French  pianist.  The  Frenchman,  you  may 
remember,  was  a  muscular  artist,  more  remark- 
able for  power  than  pathos  ;  and  he  went  at  the 
instniment  and  shook  and  worried  it  as  a  terrier 


POSITION   AND   SOIL.  59 

goes  in  at  rats.  His  exertions  were  sudorific  ; 
and  when  he  finished  the  struggle,  with  beads  on 
his  brow,  the  Sultan  told  him,  '  that  although 
he  had  heard  the  most  renowned  performers  of 
the  age  he  had  never  met  one  who — perspired  so 
freely  !'  Nor  could  I,  with  my  heart  as  full  of 
charity's  milk  as  a  Cheshire  dairy  of  the  cow's, 
think  of  any  higher  praise  of  the  plot  before  me 
than  that  it  was  an  admirable  place  for  ferns  ; 
and  therefore,  when  my  commentary  was  received 
with  an  expressive  smile  of  genteel  disgust,  as 
though  I  had  suggested  that  the  allotment  in 
question  was  the  site  of  all  others  for  a  jail,  or 
had  said,  as  Carlyle  said  of  the  Koyal  Garden  at 
Potsdam,  that  *  it  was  one  of  the  finest  fog-pre- 
serves in  Europe,'  then,  without  further  prevari- 
cation, I  told  the  truth.  And  the  truth  is,  that 
this  boundless  contiguity  of  shade  is  fatal,  and 
every  overhanging  tree  is  fatal  as  an  upas-tree  to 
the  rose.  The  rose  in  close  proximity  to  a  for- 
est-tree can  never  hope  to  thrive.  In  a  two- 
fold sense  it  takes  umbrage  ;  robbed  above  and 
robbed  below,  robbed  by  branches  of  sunshine  and 
by  roots  of  soil,  it  sickens,  droops,  and  dies."  * 
*  "A  Book  about  Roses." 


60  THE   KOSE. 

In  connection  with  a  choice  of  location,  we 
must  see  that  roses  are  provided  with  a  proper 
soil.  Thej  will  do  well  in  any  ordinary  garden 
soil  that  is  free  from  standing  water  and  well 
drained.  When  there  is  too  much  clay,  the  soil 
can  be  made  sufficiently  friable  by  the  application 
of  wood  and  coal  ashes,  lime,  burnt  earth,  etc. 
When,  on  the  other  hand,  a  soil  is  sandy  or  too 
light,  we  need  to  bring  clay,  muck,  leaf  mould, 
etc.,  to  obtain  sufficient  body.  This  soil  must, 
of  course,  be  thoroughly  manured  and  worked  ; 
frequent  spading  will  do  a  great  deal  toward 
lessening  the  stiffness  of  a  heavy  soil.  On  no 
account  attempt  to  make  roses  grow  in  a  wet 
spot ;  if  there  be  such  a  place  which  it  is  desired 
to  use,  let  the  soil  be  thoroughly  drained  by 
sinking  tiles  to  a  depth  of  four  feet,  or  provide 
in  some  other  way  for  carrying  off  the  water. 
Where  it  is  impossible  to  find  a  position  capable 
of  being  drained  by  tiles  from  the  ground  being 
too  flat,  the  soil  may  be  removed  to  a  depth  of  a 
few  feet,  and  stones,  bricks,  debris  of  any  kind, 
thrown  in  ;  but  whenever  the  water  can  be  car- 
ried off  in  tiles  it  is  better  to  do  so. 


CHAPTEK  Y. 

PLANTING  AND   PRUNING. 

Roses  that  liave  been  grown  out  of  pots 
should,  if  possible,  be  planted  while  in  a  dormant 
condition ;  for,  if  removed  for  transplanting 
while  the  sap  is  flowing  freely,  and  the  plant  is 
in  vigorous  growing  condition,  there  occurs  too 
great  a  shock,  one  from  which  the  plant  does  not 
easily  recover.  All  roses,  therefore,  taken  from 
the  open  ground  should  be  planted  during  the 
autumn  or  spring  ;  the  more  hardy  kinds,  such  as 
the  summer  roses,  most  of  the  Hybrid  Perpetuals, 
and  possibly  some  of  the  Bourbons,  may  prefer- 
ably be  planted  in  the  autumn  ;  the  more  tender 
sorts  in  the  spring.  Plants  that  have  been  prop- 
agated from  cuttings,  or  layers  (on  own  roots), 
should  be  set,  as  nearly  as  possible,  as  they  were 
grown  in  the  nursery.  Budded  or  grafted 
plants  should  be  set  so  that  the  jimction  of  the 
bud  or  graft  is  about  two  inches  beneath  the  sur- 
face of  the  soil.     Planted  in  this  way  there  is 


62  THE   ROSE. 

mucli  less  liability  of  suckers  from  the  stock  be- 
ing put  forth,  and  opportunity  is  afforded  for  the 
plant  to  put  forth  roots  from  the  bud  or  graft  ; 
this  often  takes  place,  so  that  ultimately  the 
plant  is  virtually  on  its  own  roots.  Roses  that 
are  pot-grown  can  be  planted  at  any  time  from 
April  till  October,  but  if  set  out  during  the  heat 
of  sufnmer  special  care  must  be  given  in  water- 
ing, etc.  Respecting  the  sized  plants  wliicli 
should  be  set  out,  we  earnestly  advise  all  those 
who  can  obtain  them  to  put  out  plants  of  one  or 
two  years'  growth  that  have  made  a  free  but  not 
excessive  growth,  with  well-ripened  wood  ;  these 
can  be  obtained  at  most  of  the  large  reliable 
nurseries.  Many  florists  do  a  large  and  exclusive 
business  in  sending  by  mail  small  plants,  cuttings 
of  a  few  weeks'  growth  ;  this  is  all  very  well,  to 
give  opportunity  to  many  people  to  obtain  plants, 
which  could  not,  owing  to  the  lack  of  express  or 
railroad  facilities,  be  forwarded  in  any  other 
way  ;  but  these  bantlings  often  require  much 
care  and  tender  nursing,  and  are  seldom  of  any 
account  until  the  second  year  from  planting,  for 
in  order  to  promote  their  growth  the  flower  buds 
should  be  kept  cut  off  during  the  first  year — ^if 


PLANTING   AND   PRUNING.  63 

allowed  to  produce  any,  they  are  not  only  not  of 
first  quality,  but  enfeeble  the  plant ;  whereas 
older  plants,  carefully  grown,  will  give  effective 
results  the  first  year.  Some  nurserymen  make  a 
practice  of  cutting  away  all  the  flower  buds  from 
free  blooming  varieties,  which  form  on  the  young 
plants  during  the  first  year's  growth  ;  this  prac- 
tice is  highly  to  be  commended  ;  such  plants  are 
far  more  valuable  to  the  purchaser  than  those  not 
so  treated.  Quality  should  always  be  preferred 
to  quantity  ;  this  is  true  whether  respecting  the 
plants  or  the  flowers  of  roses,  and  one  good  two- 
year  plant  is  worth  more  than  six  of  the  suck- 
lings often  sent  by  mail — poor,  weak  infants, 
which  never  should  have  been  sent  from  the 
nursery — just  as  one  good  bloom  of  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  or  Alfred  Colomb,  is  worth  half  a  dozen 
of  Pius  the  IX.  or  Triomphe  de  V  Exposition. 

Care  must  be  exercised  that  the  soil  about  the 
plant  be  well  pulverized  and  no  hard  lumps 
allowed  to  remain  in  contact  with  the  roots  ; 
after  the  plants  are  set  out,  he  sure  that  they 
are  firmly  pressed  in  with  the  feet  or  hands;  plants 
that  are  loosely  stuck  in  the  ground  can  never  do 
well.     Another  prominent  thing  to  bear  in  mind 


64  THE   ROSE. 

is  :  never  allow  the  plants  to  lie  exposed  to  the 
wind  and  sun,  keep  them  covered  until  ready  to 
plant.  The  distance  apart  is  somewhat  regulated 
by  the  vigor  of  growth  ;  the  strongest  growers 
should  be  put  about  three  feet  apart ;  for  those  of 
weaker  habit,  one  or  two  feet  would  suffice.  In 
planting  beds,  if  of  more  than  one  variety,  the 
strongest  sort  should  be  in  the  centre  and  those 
of  the  weakest  habit  on  the  outside.  It  is  almost 
unnecessary  to  say,  that  no  planting  should  be 
attempted  if  the  ground  be  very  wet,  or  very  dry, 
as  during  a  summer  drought ;  and  that  very  late  in 
the  season,  whether  autumn  or  spring,  is  not  a 
good  time  to  set  out  roses  ;  few  things  suJQEer  so 
much  from  late  spring  planting  as  do  roses  ;  if 
the  buds  have  pushed  forth,  it  is  generally  time 
and  money  thrown  away  to  set  out  plants,  other 
than  those  pot-grown.  The  reason  pot-grown 
plants  can  be  used  after  the  others  is  that  the  soil 
in  which  they  are  grown  can  be  retained  when 
the  roses  are  removed  from  the  pots,  and  the 
plants  continue  to  grow  without  check.  Pot- 
grown  roses  must  not  be  immediately  exposed  to 
the  rays  of  a  hot  sun  ;  if  planted  out  they  should 
receive  some  shade  for  a  few  days,  and  be  carefully 


PLANTING   AND   PRUNING.  65 

watered.  Water  must  not  be  applied  during  the 
heat  of  the  day,  but  in  the  morning  or  evening. 
The  pruning  of  roses  is  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant features  connected  with  their  culture, 
but  no  directions  that  can  be  given  will  prevent 
some  mistakes  from  being  made.  It  is  practical 
experience  alone  that  will  enable  one  to  deter- 
mine just  what  is  to  be  done  in  each  individual 
case,  and  just  how  to  do  it ;  but  the  general 
principles  that  should  govern  can  be  easily  stated 
and  comprehended.  I  would  recommend  the 
operator  to  procure  what  is  known  as  a  pruning- 
knife,  having  a  hooked  blade,  and  also  a  secateur, 
or  pair  of  pruning-shears  ;  the  latter  is  better  for 
cutting  away  shoots  from  the  centre  of  a  bushy 
plant  and  is  the  quickest  and  most  easy  to  handle, 
but  where  a  Yorj  smooth  cut  is  desired,  the  prun- 
ing-knife  will  be  found  most  effective  ;  it  is  also 
less  likely  to  bruise  the  bark.  All  roses  that  come 
from  the  open  ground  should  be  pruned  before 
planting,  or  immediately  after.  Many  persons 
who  are  careless,  or  not  informed,  set  out  the 
plants  just  as  they  come  from  the  nurseries  ;  un- 
der such  circumstances  the  plants  cannot  thrive, 
the  sap  has  too  many  buds  to  nourish  and  a  weak 


66  THE   ROSE. 

growth  ensues.  The  shock  from  transplanting 
must  be  met  by  a  shortening  of  both  shoots  and 
roots  ;  the  shoots  being  shortened  the  number 
of  buds  to  draw  upon  the  sap  is  reduced  and  a 
more  vigorous  growth  follows.  Not  only  should 
all  bruised  roots  be  pruned,  cutting  away  to  the 
sound  part,  but  also  all  those  large  ones  that  are 
uninjured,  for  by  this  they  are  induced  to  put 
forth  small  roots  of  fibrous  nature,  which  are  of 
great  assistance  in  promoting  health  and  vigor 
of  plant. 

The  cut  made  in  pruning  should  be  as  nearly 
horizontal  as  possible,  so  that  there  shall  be  but 
a  slight  exposure  of  wounded  surface  ;  it  is  gener- 
ally preferable  to  cut  from  the  inside,  and  to 
see  that  the  top  bud  which  is  left  points  out- 
ward. If  the  plants  bleed  after  the  operation 
the  surface  of  the  cut  should  be  smeared  over 
with  wax  or  other  substance  ;  often  a  coating  of 
mud  will  answer.  Roses  are  pruned  both  early  in 
the  spring  and  in  the  autumn  ;  we  prefer  the 
former  season,  but  when  done  then,  care  must 
be  had  not  to  put  it  off  too  late,  for  if  not  attend- 
ed to  early,  the  sap  will  have  pushed  toward  the 
upper  buds,   and    when    pruned  there    will  be 


PLANTING   AND   PRUNING.  67 

bleeding  or  exuding  of  the  sap.  The  pruning 
should  therefore  take  place  while  the  plants  are 
dormant,  and  before  the  sap  begins  to  flow. 
The  chief  objects  to  be  held  in  view  in  pruning 
are  the  formation  of  a  symmetrical  plant,  and  to 
promote  the  formation  of  bloom  buds.  To 
secure  these  the  following  general  rule  must  be 
observed :  Plants  of  delicate  habit  and  iveah 
growth  require  severe  pruning  i  those  that  are 
vigorous  in  growth  should  have  the  shoots  only 
moderately  shortened^  hut  the  branches  well 
thinned  out.  If  varieties  of  vigorous  habit  are 
closely  pruned,  a  great  growth  ensues  and  very 
few  flowers  ;  hence  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance 
to  know  the  character  of  the  variety  that  is  to 
be  operated  on.  Besides  pruning  the  plants  in 
March,  a  summer  pruning  is  desirable  with  many 
varieties  of  Hybrid  Perpetuals,  so  soon  as  the 
June  blossoming  is  over,  in  order  to  induce  the 
formation  of  flower  buds  later  in  the  season. 


CHAPTER  YI. 

MANURES. 

We  trust  that  impatient  readers  will  not  pass 
by  tliis  chapter  with  turned-up  nose  and  a  sniff 
of  disdain,  for  the  subject  is  an  important,  albeit 
an  unpleasant  one,  to  handle.  We  shall  make  it 
short,  if  not  sweet. 

Manure,  if  new,  should  never  be  applied  so  as 
to  come  in  contact  with  the  roots,  but  may  be 
spread  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  as  a  mulch  ; 
this  is  often  done  with  advantage  in  the  autumn, 
digging  it  in  in  the  following  spring.  Manure 
which  is  to  be  dug  in  about  the  plants  must  be 
decomposed,  and  may  be  advantageously  mixed 
with  a  compost  of  good  turfy  loam  and  spent 
hops  ;  all  animal  manure  is  useful  for  roses,  par- 
ticularly droppings  of  the.  cow,  pig,  and  sheep  ; 
these  mixed  with  a  compost  as  named  form  the 
best  fertilizers  that  can  be  used.  Besides  these, 
the  cleanings  from  the  poultry  house,  night  soil, 
soot,  bone-dust,  and  guano  will  all  be  found  ex- 


MANURES.  69 

cellent,  but  nothing  I  believe  is  better  than  a 
mixture — one-third  each — of  cow-dung,  rotted 
hops,  and  turfy  loam.  Horse-dung  is  much  bet- 
ter for  heavy  soils  than  for  hght,  and  cow-manure 
does  not  do  so  well  for  soils  incHning  to  be  wet. 
In  the  hot,  dry  weather,  which  we  often  have  in 
summer,  a  good  watering  of  liquid  manure  will 
be  of  very  great  benefit  to  the  plants,  more  espe- 
cially during  the  time  of  the  formation  of  flower 
buds.  "'  The  happy  rosarian  who  has  a  farm- 
yard of  his  own  will,  of  course,  have  a  large 
covered  tank  therein,  for  the  reception  and  pres- 
ervation of  liquid  manure.  At  all  times,  of 
drought  especially,  this  will  be  more  precious  as 
a  restorative  and  tonic  to  his  roses  than  the  waters 
of  Kissingen,  Yichy,  or  Harrogate  to  his  invalid 
fellow-men.  Only  let  him  remember  this  rule  of 
application — weak  and  oft  rather  than  strong 
and  seldom.  I  bought  my  own  experience 
by  destroying  with  too  potent  potations — for- 
getting that  infants  don't  drink  brandy  neat — 
the  deKcate  fibrous  rootlets  of  some  beautifal 
rose-trees  on  the  Manetti  stock."*  Night  soil 
would  be  found  a  most  valuable  manure,  if  peo- 
*  S.  R.  Hole, 


70  THE   KOSE. 

pie  would  only  rightly  prepare  and  use  it,  but 
each  rosarian  points  to  the  other  and  wonders 
why  no  one  is  found  to  make  use  of  this  valuable 
commodity  which  now  goes  to  waste,  but  no  one 
takes  hold.  ^'  The  Romans  reverenced  Cloacina, 
the  goddess  of  the  sewers,  and  the  statue  which 
they  found  of  her  in  the  great  drains  of  Tarquin- 
ius  was  beautiful  as  Yenus's  self  ;  but  they 
honored  her,  doubtless,  only  as  a  wise  sanitary 
commissioner  who  removed  their  impurities,  and, 
BO  doing,  brought  health  to  their  heroes  and  love- 
liness to  their  maidens.  They  only  knew  half 
her  merits  ;  but  in  Olympus,  we  may  readily  be- 
lieve, there  was  fuller  justice  done.  Although 
weaker  goddesses  may  have  been  unkind — may 
have  averted  their  divine  noses  when  Cloacina 
passed,  and  made  ostentatious  use  of  scent-bottle 
and  pocket-handkerchief — Flora,  and  Pomona, 
and  Ceres  would  ever  admire  her  virtues,  and 
beseech  her  benign  influence  upon  the  garden, 
the  orchard,  and  the  farm.  But  the  terrestrials 
never  thought  that  f(£x  urhis  might  be  lux  orMs^ 
and  they  polluted  their  rivers,  as  we  ours,  with 
that  which  should  have  fertilized  their  lands. 
And  we  blame  the  Romans  very  much  indeed  ; 


MANURES.  71 

and  we  blame  everybody  else  very  much  indeed  ; 
and  we  do  hope  the  time  will  soon  be  here  when 
such  a  sinful  waste  will  no  longer  disgrace  an 
enlightened  age  ;  but  beyond  the  contribution  of 
this  occasional  homily,  it  is,  of  course,  no  affair 
of  ours.  Each  man  assures  his  neighbor  that  the 
process  of  desiccation  is  quite  easy,  and  the  art 
of  deodorizing  almost  nice  ;  but  nobody  '  goes 
in. '  The  reader,  I  have  no  doubt,  has  with  me 
had  large  experience  of  this  perversity  in  neigh- 
bors, and  ofttimes  has  been  perplexed  and  pained 
by  their  dogged  strange  reluctance  to  follow  the 
very  best  advice.  There  was  at  Cambridge, 
some  thirty  years  ago,  an  insolent,  foul-mouthed, 
pugnacious  sweep,  who  escaped  for  two  terms 
the  sublime  licking  which  he  '  annexed  '  finally, 
because  no  one  liked  to  tackle  the  soot.  There 
were  scores  of  undergraduates  to  whom  pugihsm 
was  a  thing  of  beauty  and  a  joy  forever,  who 
had  the  power  and  the  desire  to  punish  his  im- 
pudence, but  they  thought  of  the  close  wrestle 
— they  reflected  on  the  '  hug,'  and  left  him.  To 
drop  metaphor,  there  is  no  more  valuable  manure; 
but  it  is,  from  circumstances  which  require  no 
explanation,  more  suitable  for  the  farm  than  the 


72  THE   ROSE. 

garden,  especially  as  we  have  a  substitute  [farm- 
yard manure]  quite  as  efficacious,  and  far  more 
convenient  and  agreeable  in  use."  * 

*  "A  Book  about  Roses,"  S.  Eeynolds  Hole. 


CHAPTEK  YII. 

INSECTS   AND  DISEASES. 

No  one  can  be  more  profoundly  impressed 
with  the  curse  entailed  on  Adam  and  his  de- 
scendants than  the  reverent  rosarian  ;  for  all 
things  hostile  and  bad,  animate  and  inanimate, 
seem  to  combine  in  greater  degree  to  pre- 
vent the  successful  cultivation  of  the  rose  than 
any  other  well-known  flower.  Few  things, 
for  example,  can  be  more  effective  in  their 
season  than  a  massive  bed  of  pseonies  ;  they 
have  all  the  shades  of  the  rose,  are  more 
hardy,  and  know  nothing  of  mildew  or  the  rav- 
ages of  insect  enemies  ;  but  they  are  almost  en- 
tirely neglected — very  unjustly  too — that  proper 
attention  may  be  given  to  our  roses,  which  need 
constant  care  and  attention  to  make  their  culture 
profitable.  The  price  to  be  paid  for  beautiful 
roses  is  eternal  vigilance  inspired  by  reverent 
love.  * '  He  who  would  have  beautiful  roses  in 
his  garden  must  have  beautiful  roses  in  his  heart. 


74  THE   ROSE. 

He  must  love  them  well  and  always.' '  A  genu- 
ine lover  of  roses  is  not  discouraged  by  tlie 
knowledge  of  the  difficulties  that  attend  the  cul- 
ture of  his  favorites,  the  rather  is  he  incited  to 
succeed  in  spite  of  all  obstacles  and  drawbacks, 
knowing  that  as  faint  heart  never  won  fair  lady, 
he  cannot  expect  the  smiles  of  Marie  Baumann, 
or  Marie  Van  Houtte,  unless  he  thoroughly  cul- 
tivate the  acquaintance  of  these  beauties,  and 
wait  upon  them  with  more  attention  and  deeper 
concern  than  would  the  gallant  of  the  ball-room 
upon  the  attendant  belles. 

The  following  are  the  chief  foes  with  which 
the  rose  has  to  contend  : 

The  Aphis  {Aphis  Bosce),  or  Green  Fly,  is 
well  known  by  all  who  have  grown  roses.  It  is  a 
small  green  louse,  about  one  eighth  inch  in  length 
when  fully  grown,  usually  wingless.  Their  bodies 
are  oval  and  soft,  they  secrete  a  sweet  fluid,  of 
which  ants  are  very  fond.  The  presence  of  ants 
on  roses  is  good  evidence,  did  we  require  it,  that 
the  aphis  is  at  work.  They  are  very  prolific 
in  breeding  ;  Reaumur  estimates  that  one  indi- 
vidual in  five  generations  may  become  the  pro- 
genitor of  nearly  six  thousand  millions  of  de- 


INSECTS   AND   DISEASES.  75 

scendants.  Through  their  slender  beak  they 
suck  the  juices  of  the  plant,  always  working  at 
the  tender  shoots,  and  in  a  short  time  will,  if 
unmolested,  destroy  the  vigor  or  vitality  of 
any  rose  they  infest.  Much  the  best  destruc- 
tive agent  to  use  against  them  is  tobacco  smoke  ; 
when  this  cannot  be  applied,  a  liquid  solution, 
made  from  tobacco  stems  or  leaves,  or  from 
quassia,  will  be  found  an  efficient  method  of 
working  their  destruction.  Take  four  ounces 
of  quassia  chips,  or  tobacco  stems,  and  boil 
them  about  ten  minutes  in  a  gallon  of  soft 
water  ;  strain  off  the  chips,  and  add  four  ounces 
of  soft  soap,  which  should  be  dissolved  in  it  as  it 
cools,  stirring  well  before  using.  It  may  be 
applied  by  dipping  a  whisk  broom  in  the  mixture 
and  sprinkling  all  shoots  that  are  infested. 
Whale-oil  soap,  dissolved  in  water,  is  also  a  use- 
ful remedy. 

Mildew. — This  is  a  fungous  disease  often 
caused  by  great  and  sudden  atmospheric  changes, 
and  by  a  long  continuance  of  damp,  cloudy 
weather.  The  best  proved  remedies  are  sulphur 
and  soot ;  one  of  these  should  be  applied  the 
moment  the  disease  makes  its  appearance  ;  the 


76  THE   ROSE. 

plants  should  be  sprinkled  with  water  so  that  the 
substance  applied  will  adhere,  or  else  let  it  be 
put  on  early  in  the  morning  while  the  dew  is  yet 
on  the  plants.  Some  localities  are  much  more 
subject  to  visitations  of  this  disease  than  others, 
and  in  such  places  care  should  be  taken  not  to 
plant  varieties  that  are  known  to  be  specially  lia- 
ble to  mildew.  As  it  is  contagious,  spreading 
from  one  plant  to  another,  we  should  advise  the 
destruction  of  such  sorts  as  belong  to  the  Giant 
of  Battles  type  (see  chapter  on  Typical  Koses)  ; 
better  it  is  to  sacrifice  a  few  kinds  than  that  all 
should  be  disfigured  with  this  annoying  fungus. 
Generally,  mildew  makes  its  appearance  in  the 
autumn,  when  the  nights  grow  cool  ;  at  this  sea- 
son it  works  but  little  harm  and  may  be  disre- 
garded, since  the  plants  have  made  their  growth 
and  the  wood  is  nearly,  or  quite,  ripe. 

The  Red  Spider  is  a  most  destructive  little 
insect,  which  generally  commits  its  ravages  in  the 
greenhouse  ;  they  only  make  their  appearance 
when  favored  by  a  hot,  dry  atmosphere.  These 
insects  are  very  small,  scarcely  distinguishable 
by  the  eye,  if  isolated  ;  they  are  of  a  dark,  red- 
dish-brown color,  found  on  the  under  sides  of 


INSECTS   AND   DISEASES.  77 

the  leaves.  They  cause  the  foliage  to  assume  a 
yellow  tinge,  and  will  soon  make  sickly  the  plant 
they  infest.  A  few  applications  of  whale-oil 
soap  dissolved  in  warm  soft  water  will  often 
destroy  them  ;  this  can  be  applied  with  a  syringe, 
taking  care  to  throw  the  water  upward  to  reach 
the  leaves  affected,  late  in  the  afternoon,  and 
then  washed  off  with  pure  water  the  following 
morning.  This  insect  does  not  attack  plants  that 
are  syringed  with  water  daily,  and  all  plants 
grown  under  glass,  not  in  flower,  should  be 
sprayed  regularly.  When  a  house  that  has  been 
infested  with  Red  Spider  can  be  emptied  of  the 
plants,  it  is  well  to  burn  sulphur  on  charcoal  em- 
bers ;  the  fumes  from  the  sulphur  are  fatal  to 
nearly  all  insect  life,  and  a  house  can  by  this 
means  be  soon  freed  from  this  insect  ;  as  burn- 
ing sulphur  is  also  destructive  to  plant  life,  this 
process  can  only  be  used  in  emptied  houses,  un- 
less only  a  slight  quantity  be  used  at  a  time. 

Rose  Hopper,  or  Thrips  (Tettigonia  Bosce,  of 
Harris). — This  is  perhaps  the  most  troublesome 
pest  with  which  the  rose  is  afflicted  in  the  open 
air.  It  is  a  small,  yellowish-white  insect,  about 
three-twentieths  of  an  inch  long,  with  transpar- 


78  THE   ROSE. 

ent  wings.  Like  tlie  Red  Spider,  tliey  prey 
upon  the  leaves,  working  on  the  under  side  ;  they 
seem  to  go  in  swarms  and  are  very  destructive  to 
the  plant,  soon  causing  the  foliage  to  assume  a 
sickly,  yellow  appearance.  As  they  jump  and 
fly  from  one  place  to  another,  their  destruction 
is  less  easy  to  accomplish  than  is  the  case  w^ith 
other  enemies.  We  have  found  syringing  the 
plants  with  pure  w\ater,  so  as  to  wet  the  lower 
side  of  the  leaves,  and  then  dusting  on  pow- 
dered white  hellebore,  will  destroy  or  disperse 
them.  Another  remedy,  nearly  or  quite  as 
good,  is  a  solution  of  whale-oil  soap,  w^hich  must 
also  be  applied  so  as  to  reach  the  leaves  from 
beneath. 

Hose  Caterpillar,  or  Leaf-Eoller. — There 
are  several  kinds  of  caterpillars,  belonging  to  an 
order  called  Lepidoptera,  which  prey  upon  the 
rose.  They  are  the  young  of  moths  or  butter- 
flies, varying  from  one-half  inch  to  three-quarter 
inch  in  length  ;  some  of  these  are  green  and 
yellow,  others  brown  ;  they  all  envelop  them- 
selves in  the  leaves  or  burrow  in  the  flower 
buds.  Powdered  hellebore  sprinkled  over  the 
plants  will  prevent  in  a  large  measure  their  mov- 


IN^SECTS  AIJTD   DISEASES.  79 

ing  over  the  plants,  but  the  only  method  of  kill- 
ing them,  which  is  really  effectual,  is  by  crush- 
ing between  finger  and  thumb.  Tliis  crushing 
process  may  not  be  considered  an  agreeable  pas- 
time, but  it  must  be  done,  and  fastidious  people 
can  either  delegate  the  work  to  others,  or  go 
armed,  not  cap  a  pie,  but  with  gloved  hands,  and 
perform  the  work  themselves.  It  is  time  to  look 
out  for  these  marauders  when  the  buds  are 
formed  and  begin  to  show  signs  of  plumpness. 

EosE  Chafer,  or  Eose  Buo. — This  (the 
Melolontha  suhsjmiosa,  of  Fabricius)  is  a  brown 
beetle,  a  httle  less  than  one-half  inch  in  length, 
which  comes  from  the  ground  about  the  second 
week  in  June,  or  when  the  Damask  Eose  is  in 
blossom.  Many  locahties  are  never  troubled  with 
this  pest ;  where  it  does  appear,  it  is  never  alone, 
but  in  swarms  ;  the  insects  attack  the  fiowers  in 
preference  to  the  foliage,  and  seem  to  be  more 
fond  of  white  and  light-colored  flowers  than  of 
those  which  are  dark.  In  a  very  short  time  they 
entirely  disfigure  and  greatly  injure  the  plant 
which  they  attack  ;  an  application  of  Paris  green 
dusted  over  the  plants  is  very  destructive  to 
them,   but  being  so    dangerous  a  poison,    we 


80  THE   ROSE. 

recommend  hand-picking  and  burning  of  the 
bugs  in  preference.  The  application  of  tobacco- 
water,  whale-oil  soap,  etc. ,  is  useless,  for  in  order 
to  have  any  effect  upon  the  bugs  the  solution 
would  have  to  be  made  so  strong  that  it  would 
work  injury  to  the  plants. 

Rose  Slug. — These  slugs  are  the  larva  of  a 
saw-fly,  called  by  Harris  Telandria  MoscBy  an 
insect  about  the  size  of  a  common  house-fly, 
which  comes  out  of  the  ground  during  May  and 
June.  The  female  flies  puncture  the  leaves  in 
different  places,  depositing  their  eggs  in  each  in- 
cision made  ;  these  eggs  hatch  in  twelve  or  fif- 
teen days  after  that  they  are  laid.  The  slugs  at 
once  commence  to  eat  the  leaves,  and  soon  make 
great  inroads  upon  the  foliage,  if  not  checked. 
They  are  about  one-half  inch  long  when  fully 
grown,  of  a  green  color,  and  feed  upon  the  npper 
portion  of  the  foliage.  The  best  remedies  are 
powdered  white  hellebore,  or  a  solution  of  whale- 
oil  soap. 

White  Grub. — These  grubs  are  the  young  of 
those  buzzing,  sticky  abominations  known  as 
May-bugs.  The  beetles  are  thus  described  by 
Harris  :  **  During  the  month  of  May,  they  come 


INSECTS   AND   DISEASES.  81 

forth  from  the  ground,  whence  they  have  re- 
ceived the  name  of  May-bugs  or  May-beetles. 
They  pass  the  greater  part  of  the  day  upon  trees, 
clinging  to  the  under  sides  of  the  leaves  in  a  state 
of  repose.  As  soon  as  evening  approaches,  they 
begin  to  buzz  about  among  the  branches,  and 
continue  on  the  wing  till  toward  midnight.  In 
their  droning  flight  they  move  very  irregularly, 
darting  hither  and  thither  with  an  uncertain  aim, 
hitting  against  objects  in  their  way  with  a  force 
that  often  causes  them  to  fall  to  the  ground. 
They  frequently  enter  houses  in  the  night,  ap- 
parently attracted  as  well  as  dazzled  and  bewil- 
dered by  the  lights.  Their  vagaries,  in  which, 
without  having  the  power  to  harm,  they  seem  to 
threaten  an  attack,  have  caused  them  to  be  called 
dors,  that  is,  darers  ;  while  their  seeming  blind- 
ness and  stupidity  have  become  proverbial  in  the 
expressions  '  blind  as  a  beetle'  and  '  beetle-head- 
ed.' After  the  sexes  have  paired  the  males  per- 
ish, and  the  females  enter  the  earth  to  the  depth 
of  six  inches  or  more,  making  their  way  by  means 
of  the  strong  teeth  which  arm  the  forelegs  ;  here 
they  deposit  their  eggs.  .  .  .  From  the  eggs 
are  hatched,  in  the  space  of  fourteen  days,  little 


83  THE    ROSE. 

vrliitisli  grubs,  each  provided  with  six  legs  near 
the  head,  and  a  month  furnished  with  strong 
jaws.  When  in  a  state  of  rest,  these  grubs  usu- 
ally curl  themselves  in  the  shape  of  a  crescent." 
These  annoying  pests  live  in  the  earth  for  three 
years,  feeding  on  the  roots  of  roses  and  other 
plants,  and  give  no  sign  of  their  presence  till  the 
plant  on  which  they  feed  commences  to  wither 
or  turn  sickly.  So  soon  as  evidence  is  given  of 
their  ravages,  the  plant  should  at  once  be  dug 
around  and  search  made  for  the  grub,  that  his 
destruction  may  save  other  plants  from  death. 
The  grub  is  more  fond  of  the  roots  of  strawber- 
ries than  of  any  other  food,  and  if  these  berries 
are  grown  alongside  of  roses  a  careful  lookout 
must  be  had.  It  is  a  fortunate  thing  that  the 
grub  does  not  confine  himself  to  a  rose-diet,  else 
would  the  culture  of  our  favorite  flower  often 
be  conducted  with  more  plague  than  pleasure  or 
profit. 

There  are  other  insect  enemies  of  the  rose  be- 
sides those  we  have  named,  but  they  seldom  do 
any  great  damage,  and  we  think  our  readers  are 
ready  to  cry,  enough  of  bugs.  We  have  given  a 
list  of  remedies  for  controlling  the  ravages  of 


•       II^SECTS   AKD   DISEASES.  83 

the  various  pests  which  worry  the  rose,  but  it  is 
with  our  roses  as  with  ourselves,  prevention  is 
always  better  than  cure.  A  pure  atmosphere, 
cleanliness,  by  the  free  use  of  water,  etc. ,  heal- 
thy food,  not  necessarily  that  which  is  most 
nutritious,  but  that  which  can  with  certainty  be 
assimilated  or  digested,  are  requirements  com- 
mon to  our  own  lives  and  those  of  our  roses,  if 
they  are  to  be  healthy  ones.  A  watchful  care, 
with  systematic  attention  to  watering,  syringing, 
etc.,  will  often  keep  away  insect  enemies  that 
would  otherwise  surely  come  to^  torment  us. 
Many  gardens  in  the  suburbs  of  cities  are 
supplied  with  water  conducted  from  the  mains 
of  the  water  works  in  pipes  ;  those  who  have 
such  a  supply  of  water  in  their  grounds  will  find 
it  an  easy  matter  frequently  to  spray  all  the 
plants  both  from  beneath  and  above.  The  fre- 
quent and  vigorous  application  of  water  is  as 
hateful  to  the  insects  described  as  it  is  to  fight- 
ing cats,  and  every  one  who  grows  roses  (or  cats) 
should  be  provided  with  that  most  useful  instru- 
ment the  garden  syringe  ;  it  is  a  most  valuable 
weapon  of  defence  or  of  offence,  whether  used 
in  keeping  off  the  Rose  Hopper  or  in  dispersing 


84  THE  EOSB. 

the  caterwauling  midnight  marauders  that  may 
come  within  range. 

There  are  some  insects  which  entomologists 
claim  to  be  useful,  as  destroying  those  which  are 
noxious  ;  such  are  the  larvae  of  the  garden 
beetle,  rose  beetle,  ladybird  and  others,  which 
feed  upon  aphides  and  caterpillars.  I  know 
nothing  of  the  truth  of  this  from  personal  obser- 
vation, and  do  not  see  how  their  aid  can  be  con- 
sidered of  any  great  value,  since  the  solutions, 
etc. ,  which  are  necessary  to  apply  when  noxious 
insects  make  their  appearance,  would  be  pretty 
certain  to  destroy  friend  and  foe  alike.  I  have 
much  more  confidence  in  the  help  to  be  obtained 
from  the  despised  toad,  and  some  of  the  birds, 
especially  the  ground-bird  and  sparrow  ;  the  toad 
will  devour  many  of  the  worms  and  caterpillars, 
the  birds  will  destroy  not  only  these,  but  also  the 
insects  which  infest  the  plants.  The  aid  of  the 
birds  might  be  enlisted  by  daily  scattering  a  few 
crumbs  among  the  plants  ;  when  they  have  con- 
sumed the  crumbs  they  will  naturally  turn  their 
attention  to  the  insects  at  hand,  and  thus  repay 
their  benefactors. 


CHAPTER  YIII. 

PROPAGATION. 

There  are  four  methods  used  in  propagating 
roses— by  cuttings,  by  budding,  by  grafting,  by 
layering  ;  in  importance  they  rank  in  the  order 
named,  and  in  this  order  we  will  briefly  consider 

them. 

Although  the  principles  which  govern  the  art 
of  propagation  are  the  same  the  world  over,  it 
will  be  found  that  rosarians  differ  widely  in 
working  out  details  ;  thus,  in  the  production  of 
roses  from  cuttings,  we,  in  America,  are  as  much 
more  successful  than  our  European  brethren  as 
they  excel  us  in  the  production  of  budded  and 
grafted  plants. 

Br  Cuttings. — There  is  no  doubt  but  that 
Dlants  grown  from  cuttings  are  the  most  useful 
for  general  purposes,  and  the  greater  number  of 
our  choice  varieties  can  be  grown  in  this  way 
without  difficulty  ;  but  there  are  some  beautiful 
kinds,  like  Baroness  Eothschild,  which  root  with 


86  THE   HOSE. 

great  difficulty  ;  these  sorts  can  only  be  profitably 
grown  by  budding  or  grafting.  Cuttings  can  be 
made  at  any  time  of  the  year.  The  old  ideas 
that  the  wood  must  be  cut  at  a  joint  or  with  a 
heel,  and  that  it  is  essential  they  should  be 
placed  in  bottom  heat,  have  been  thoroughly  ex- 
ploded. The  most  successful  propagation  by 
cuttings,  for  the  largest  number  of  kinds,  is  made 
during  the  late  winter  months  from  strong  plants 
one  or  two  years  old  that  have  been  grown  in 
open  ground,  potted  in  the  month  of  November; 
or  from  plants  which  have  been  grown  in  pots 
for  one  year,  or  planted  out  under  glass.  Cut- 
tings of  all  kinds  which  root  freely,  like  General 
Jacqueminot,  Victor  Yeidier,  etc.,  can  be  made 
from  one  eye  only,  and  cut  between  the  joints 
just  as  well  as  after  the  old  fashion  of  cutting  to 
a  heel,  and  with  three  or  more  eyes — an  unneces- 
sary and  wasteful  process.  All  of  the  large  com- 
mercial establishments  in  this  country  do  most  of 
their  rose  propagation  in  the  months  of  January, 
February,  and  March  ;  the  cuttings  are  made  to 
one  eye  and  dibbled  m  beds  of  sand,  or  in  some 
cases  are  placed  in  pots  of  sand  and  these  pots 
plunged  in  beds  of  sand  ;  underneath  the  staging 


PROPAGATIOIJ.  87 

wldch  supports  the  cuttings  run  hot-water  pipes 
or  flues  ;  these  are  commonly  boarded-in  to  secure 
bottom  heat,  and  this  I  beheve  to  be  the  best 
method.  Some  rose-growers  make  no  attempt  at 
confining  the  pipes  or  flues,  and  produce  excel- 
lent plants  without  resorting  to  bottom  heat,  but 
it  is  a  slower  process,  and  there  is  a  greater 
percentage  of  cuttings  which  fail  to  root.  Ad- 
vocates, of  this  system  claim  that  they  secure 
healthier,  stronger  plants  in  the  end  than  they 
would  by  the  use  of  bottom  heat.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  plants  propagated  in  a  closely  confined 
house  in  a  high  temperature  are  apt  to  turn  out 
of  weak  constitution,  but  we  believe  the  best  re- 
sults follow  where  plants  are  propagated  in  a 
bed  at  a  temperature  of  about  70  degrees,  with 
the  temperature  of  the  house  a  few  degrees 
less.  However,  these  matters  concern  nursery- 
men and  florists  more  than  amateurs,  for  this 
class  does  not  care  to  put  in  operation  anything 
that  requires  much  expense.  When  but  few  cut- 
tings are  desired  they  can  be  placed  in  pots  and 
will  take  root  in  four  or  five  weeks  after  mser- 
tion,  grown  in  any  ordinary  conservatory  or 
greenhouse.     After  the  cuttings  have  taken  root 


88  THE   ROSE. 

they  should  he  potted  in  pots  not  exceeding  two 
and  a  half  inches  in  diameter.  Certain  kinds  of 
roses  take  root  without  difficulty,  others  are  so 
stubhorn  that  the  amateur  would  do  well  not  to 
attempt  their  propagation  until  he  has  proved 
himself  an  adept  in  growing  the  others.  The 
sorts  most  difficult  to  root  are  the  various  varie- 
ties of  Moss,  most  of  the  summer  roses,  and  cer- 
tain varieties  of  Hybrid  Remontants  belonging 
to  the  Jules  Margottin,  Baronne  Prevost,  and 
Baroness  Rothschild  families.  (See  chapter  on 
Tj^pical  Roses.)  All  of  the  Tea  and  Monthly 
Roses,  with  very  few  exceptions,  root  and  grow 
freely  from  cuttings. 

Besides  using  green  wood,  some  propagators 
make  cuttings  from  hard  wood — that  is,  shoots 
thoroughly  ripened,  taken  in  the  autumn.  Man- 
ctti  cuttings  are  always  made  from  wood  taken 
in  autumn,  and  the  various  varieties  of  Prairie 
Roses  are  often  grown  in  this  way.  In  some 
establishments  large  quantities  of  cuttings  are 
made  during  the  summer  months  and  grown  in 
hotbeds  ;  the  plants  produced  are  salable  in  the 
autumn  and  are  largely  used  by  florists.  lu 
selecting  stock  plants  from  which  to  propagate, 


PKOPAGATIOK.  89 

care  should  be  had  that  only  those  be  chosen 
which  are  vigorous  and  healthy,  otherwise  a  sick- 
ly or  weak  progeny  will  result. 

By  Budding. — This  is  an  important  method, 
second  only  to  propagation  by  cuttings. 

The  chief  disadvantages  are  these  :  first,  it  is 
more  expensive.  The  stocks  are  to  be  purchased 
and  cared  for  (they  cannot  often  be  profitably 
grown  in  our  hot  climate),  and  it  will  be  found 
that  the  labor  of  budding,  suckering,  cutting  back 
stocks,  etc.,  will  make  the  operation  far  more 
costly  than  growing  plants  from  cuttings.  Bud- 
ded plants  are  not  desirable  for  inexperienced 
amateurs,  since  novices  do  not  detect  the  suckers 
which,  not  infrequently,  come  up  from  the  roots 
and  if  not  cut  away  ultimately  choke  the  plant. 
A  third  objection  is  found  in  the  fact  that  bud- 
ded plants  are  more  frequently  killed  by  severe 
.winters  than  plants  on  own  roots. 

On  the  other  hand,  by  budding  we  are  enabled 
to  grow  varieties  which  are  so  difficult  to  root 
from  cuttings,  that  their  propagation  would  be  dis- 
continued by  all  large  rose-growers  were  it  not  for 
this  method.  Varieties  like  Baroness  Rothschild, 
Mabel  Morrison,  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Madame 


90  THE    ROSE. 

Boll,  Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  etc.,  are  as  yet 
almost  indispensable,  but  no  nurseryman  would 
long  grow  tliem  from  cuttings.  There  is  another 
class  of  roses  often  advantageously  grown  by 
budding,  these  are  varieties  of  moderate  growth 
like  A.  K.  Williams,  Horace  Yernet,  Madame 
Victor  Yerdier,  Mademoiselle  Eugenie  Yerdier, 
Marie  Baumann,  Xavier  Olibo,  etc.  All  these 
kinds  are  invigorated  by  being  worked  on  some 
strong  stock,  like  the  Manetti.  A  third  advan- 
tage of  budded  roses  is  for  use  as  stock  plants,  and 
also  for  forcing.  Budded  plants  of  many  kinds 
(not  the  Jacqueminot  type)  can  be  taken  up  in 
October  or  November,  and  with  ordinary  treat- 
ment will  give  as  fine  a  crop  of  flowers  as  plants 
of  the  same  varieties  which  have  been  grown  all 
summer  in  pots  at  much  more  expense  and  labor. 
I  would  not  advise  any  reader  to  purchase 
budded  roses  who  cannot  tell,  by  the  wood,  the 
difference  between  Persian  Yellow  and  General 
Jacqueminot,  between  Marie  Baumann  and  Salet 
— indeed  amateurs  who  cannot  do  this  do  not 
deserve  to  have  roses  at  all,  for  they  would  not 
be  able  to  distinguish  between  the  shoots  of  the 
Manetti  suckers  and  their  Louis  Yan  Houtte  or 


PROPAGATION^.  91 

Victor  Yerdier  (although  the  Manetti  is  most 
distinct  from  all  other  roses). 

Many  kinds  of  stocks  have  been  tried  on  which 
to  bnd  roses,  as  the  Brier,  the  Grifferaie,  etc., 
but  for  general  use  in  this  country  we  very 
greatly  prefer  the  Manetti.  The  stocks  are 
planted  in  nursery  rows  about  three  feet  between 
the  rows,  and  six  or  eight  inches  apart  ;  in  July 
and  August  the  buds  are  inserted  ;  the  lower  the 
buds  can  be  put  in  the  better,  as  the  liability  to 
send  up  suckers  is  thereby  greatly  diminished, 
and  opportunity  is  also  afforded  the  plant  of  be- 
ing ultimately  established  on  its  own  roots. 

Propagation  by  Grafting. — This  is  a  profit- 
able mode  to  pursue  when  done  in  winter  under 
glass,  using  plants  of  Manetti  or  Brier  grown  in 
pots  for  the  purpose.  Grafting  roses  on  the 
root  cannot  be  made  profitable,  as  such  a  large 
percentage  fail  to  grow.  Stock  grafting  is  car- 
ried on  in  England  and  elsewhere  with  great 
success,  and  although  the  plants  are  not  so  desir- 
able (owing  to  the  graft  being  of  necessity  some 
distance  above  the  roots)  as  those  propagated  by 
the  other  methods,  it  affords  nurserymen  an  op- 
portunity of  more  quickly  securing  a  stock  of 


92  THE  EOSE. 

new  sorts,  and  also  is  advantageous  as  an  aid  in 
producing  more  vigorous  plants  of  such  varieties 
as  Niphetos,  than  can  possibly  be  obtained  from 
cuttings. 

Pkopagation  by  Layering  was  once  practised 
to  considerable  extent,  but  it  is  a  slow  method, 
and  is  now  but  little  used.  Good  plants  can  be 
obtained  in  this  way  of  Persian  Yellow  and  some 
other  varieties  which  do  not  strike  from  cuttings, 
and  it  is  the  only  method  by  which  certain  kinds 
can  be  produced  on  their  own  roots. 

Besides  the  methods  spoken  of,  roses  are  also 
produced  from  seed,  but  this  is  only  done  where 
it  is  purposed  to  secure  stocks,  as  seedling  Briers, 
or  where  it  is  the  aim  to  obtain  new  varieties. 


CHAPTER    IX. 

EXHIBITING  ROSES. 

Until  recently  little  attention  has,  in  tliis 
country,  been  given  to  a  careful  exhibition  of 
roses,  but  of  late  years  a  decided  interest  has 
been  taken  in  the  matter,  and  very  creditable  dis- 
plays are  now  made  in  Boston  and  Kew  York. 
The  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society  has 
done  a  great  deal  to  encourage  exhibits  of  cut- 
roses,  and  the  numerous  boxes  of  splendid  flow- 
ers to  be  seen  at  Boston  every  June  attract  ad- 
mirers from  all  parts  of  the  land.  Much  has 
been  written  and  said  for  and  against  the  exhibi- 
tion of  cut-roses  in  boxes.  Objectors  to  the  sys- 
tem claim  that  wrong  impressions  are  given  to 
the  public  ;  amateurs  see  beautiful  flowers  of  a 
certain  variety,  and  are  thereby  led  to  purchase 
and  attempt  to  grow  plants  of  it,  only  to  discover 
that  they  don't  grow  ;  the  variety  being  of  feeble 
constitution  and  requiring  skilful  treatment,  lives 
but  a  dismal  life  at  their  hands,  and  it  is  Anally 


94  THE   ROSE. 

discarded  as  worthless  ;  or  it  may  be,  tlie  sort  in 
question  jDroves  to  be  a  kind  that  gives  a  few 
good  blooms  in  June  and  plenty  of  shoots  and 
leaves  the  rest  of  the  year,  but  nothing  else. 
Wrong  impressions  are  doubtless  often  received 
at  these  exhibits,  for  to  gain  by  observation  a 
correct  impression  of  the  general  qualities  of  any 
variety  it  must  be  seen  at  different  times,  grow- 
ing in  the  garden  or  nursery  row  in  quantity. 
On  the  other  hand,  these  exhibitions  certainly 
make  prominent  the  more  beautiful  roses,  and  as 
we  are  first  attracted  to  a  rose  by  the  richness 
or  delicacy  of  its  color,  and  the  symmetry 
of  its  form,  we  have  placed  before  us  for  easy 
comparison  the  highest  types  of  beauty  to  be 
found  in  the  rose  family  ;  and  although  from 
seeing  individual  flowers  we  learn  nothing  of  the 
character  of  varieties,  as  respects  profusion  and 
continuity  of  bloom,  or  vigor  and  healthfulness 
of  growth,  we,  nevertheless,  can  be  assured  that 
those  kinds  which  ?i]y\>QidiV  frequently  and  in  great 
perfection  in  different  boxes  are  kinds  which 
will  certainly  be  useful  ones  for  general  cultiva- 
tion. Varieties,  particularly  those  not  of  recent 
origin,  which  now  and  then  sparsely  appear  in 


EXHIBITING    KOSES.  95 

great  beauty,  are  not  to  be  trusted  on  prima-f acie 
evidence.  The  warning,  ^' trust  her  not,  she's 
fooling  thee,"  should  be  borne  in  mind  in  the 
examination  of  the  beauties  of  these  erratic  stars, 
and  no  one  should  commit  himself  in  allegiance 
to  them  without  some  knowledge  of  their  actual 
worth. 

The  following  rule  of  the  Massachusetts  Horti- 
cultural Society  referring  to  boxes  for  exhibition 
is  given  for  the  information  of  those  interested 
in  the  matter.  All  roses  competing  for  prizes, 
except  those  for  the  general  display,  must  be  ex- 
hibited in  boxes  of  the  dimensions  named  below  : 


Length. 

Breadth. 

Hei^rht. 

For  24  ropes,  4  ft. 

.  1ft.  6  in. 

Back  of  bos,  6  in. ; 

front,  4  in. 

"    12  roses,  2  ft.  2  in. 

1  ft.  6  in. 

"           6  in.  ; 

"      4  in. 

"     6  roses,  1  ft.  6  in. 

1  ft.  6  in. 

6in. ; 

"     4  in. 

"     3  roses,  1  ft. 

1  ft.  6  in. 

6  in. ; 

"      4  in. 

One  of  the  most  important  points  connected 
with  showing  roses  is  the  proper  arrangement 
as  regards  size  and  colors  of  the  flowers. 

''  Cut  first  .of  all  your  grandest  blooms,  because 
no  Mede  nor  Pei*sian  ever  made  law  more  unal- 
terable than  this  :  The  largest  roses  must  he 
jplaced  at  the  hack,  the  smallest  in  the  front,  and 


96  THE   ROSE. 

the  intermediate  in  the  middle  of  your  hoxes. 
They  become  by  this  arrangement  so  gradually, 
beautifully  less,  that  the  disparity  of  size  is  im- 
perceptible. Transgress  this  rale,  and  the  result 
will  be  disastrous,  ludicrous,  as  when  some  huge 
London  carriage -horse  is  put  in  harness  with  the 
paternal  cob,  or  as  when  some  small  but  ambi- 
tious dancer  runs  round  and  round  the  tallest  girl 
at  the  ball  in  the  gyrations  of  the  mazy  waltz. 
.  .  The  arrangement  of  roses  with  regard 
to  their  color  has  not  been  studied  as  it  deserves 
to  be.  The  amateur  with  more  leisure  than  the 
man  of  business  for  the  study  of  the  beautiful, 
and  f 01  the  most  effective  display  of  liis  fewer 
flowers,  ought  to  excel,  but,  as  a  rule,  does  not. 
His  roses  are  very  rarely  made  the  most  of  in  this 
respect,  but  are  frequently  marred  and  spoiled, 
the  colors  clashing  and  contending  with  each 
other  instead  of  combining  against  their  common 
adversary.  It  is  told  of  a  highly  sensitive  dame 
whose  silly  pride  was  in  dress,  that  she  went  into 
hysterics  before  a  large  party  when  her  great 
rival  in  millinery  came  and  sat  upon  the  ottoman 
beside  her  in  a  grand  garment  of  the  same  color 
as  her  own,  but  of  a  much  more  brilliant  and 


EXHII31T1KG    ROSES.  07 

effective  dye  ;  and  I  liave  seen  many  a  rose  wliicli 
would  weep,  if  it  could,  aromatic  rose-water, 
subdued  by  a  like  despair.  Once  upon  a  time  six 
pretty  sisters  lived  at  home  together  always.  In 
looks,  in  figure,  in  voice,  gait,  and  apparel,  they 
exactly  resembled  each  other.  Young  gentlemen 
seeing  them  apart,  fell  madly  in  love,  as  young 
gentlemen  ought  to  do  ;  but  on  going  to  the 
house  and  being  introduced  to  the  family  they 
were  bewildered  by  the  exact  similitude,  didn't 
know  which  they  had  come  to  see,  couldn't  think 
of  proposing  at  random,  made  blunders,  apolo- 
gies, retreats.  It  seemed  as  though  all  these 
charming  flowers  would  be  left  to  wither  on  the 
virgin  thorn,  when  one  of  them  was  permitted 
to  leave  her  home  upon  a  visit  to  a  distant  friend. 
She  returned  in  six  weeks  Men  fiancee^  and  six 
months  after  was  a  bride.  The  rest  followed 
her  example.  So  it  is  that  six  scarlet  roses  or  six 
pink  roses  in  close  proximity  perplex  the  specta- 
tor, and  depreciate  each  other  by  their  monoto- 
nous identity  ;  isolated  or  contrasted  we  admire 
them    heartily. ' '  * 

Roses  should  be. cut  and  placed  in  their  proper 
*  "  A  Book  about  Koses,"  Chapter  XIV.,  S,  Reynolds  Hole. 


98  THE   ROSE. 

positions  for  exhibition  in  the  same  boxes  in 
whicli  thej  are  to  be  shown  previous  to  the  time 
appointed  for  exhibition.  Some  favored  indi- 
viduals wlio  live  close  by  the  place  where  the 
show  is  held  find  it  practicable  to  bring  the 
flowers  in  baskets  or  trays,  and  arrange  them  in 
their  proper  positions  in  the  room  where  they  are 
to  be  displayed  two  or  three  hours  before  the 
time  appointed  for  the  judges  to  go  their  round. 
Where  roses  come  from  any  distance  they  should 
be  carefully  arranged  at  home,  and  then  when 
the  boxes  arrive  at  destination  any  flowers  that 
suffered  in  transit  can  be  replaced  from  the  sup- 
ply put  up  for  this  purpose.  The  day  being 
cloudy  and  cool,  roses  may  be  cut  at  any  time, 
but  it  is  prudent  to  rely  on  the  early  morning 
hours  as  the  best  time  for  the  purpose.  An  ex- 
perience in  cutting  roses  at  sunrise,  on  a  fresh  cool 
morning  in  June,  is  an  experience  worth  living 
for,  A  careful  examination  of  one's  treasures 
the  day  before  the  flowers  are  to  be  cut  will  en- 
able one  to  estimate  the  strength  on  hand  and  de- 
cide finally  as  to  what  classes  shall  be  contended 
for.  All  the  details  should  be  considered  in  ad- 
vance, and  the  writing  of  cards,  giving  names  of 


EXHIBITING    ROSES.  99 

varieties,  jDro aiding  green  moss,  etc.,  not  left  till 
the  last  moment.  Amateurs  who  do  not  compre- 
hend the  manner  of  construction  of  exhibition 
boxes  and  the  way  the  flowers  are  to  be  arranged 
in  them,  would  do  "svell  to  apply  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society,  Hor- 
ticultural Hall,  Boston,  who  will  have  sent  to 
them  a  box  from  which  they  can  j^attern,  or  all 
the  boxes  required  will  be  sent  ;  he  will  also  fur- 
nish the  schedule  of  prizes  offered  by  the  society. 
I  mention  this  society  because  its  exhibits  are  of 
higher  character  than  any  others,  both  as  regards 
the  quality  of  the  flowers  displayed  and  the 
general  arrangements  and  facilities  afforded. 
Boston  excels  in  the  exhibit  of  Hybrid  Remon- 
tants,  while  New  York  stands  first  in  staging  fine 
Teas,  but  at  both  places  displays  are  made  that 
should  have  the  encouragement  of  all  who  are 
interested  in  the  improvement  of  our  rose  exhi- 
bitions. 


CHAPTER  X. 

EOSES   UNDER  GLASS.      BY   J.  N.    MAY. 

There  are  a  mimber  of  roses  which  do  not 
attain  perfection  when  grown  in  open  air,  and 
others  that  do  not  thrive  at  all  except  under 
glass.  For  these  it  is  necessary  to  provide  a  rose- 
honse,  which,  besides  enabling  us  to  grow  satis- 
factorily the  delicate  kinds,  will  supply  us  with 
flowers  during  the  winter  months  of  any  more 
robust  sorts  we  choose  to  grow.  If  it  is  desired 
to  grow  more  than  one  family  of  roses,  two  or 
more  houses  are  desirable,  so  that  they  can  be 
treated  to  sdt  their  several  requirements.  Tea 
Hoses  need  one  treatment,  Hybrid  Perpetuals 
and  nearly  all  hardy  roses  require  another  some- 
what different.  I  will  first  give  the  treatment 
requisite  for  insuring  the  best  results  with  Tea 
Roses,  commencing  with  their  propagation. 

Cuttings. — Use  young,  vigorous  wood  taken 
from  healthy  plants  ;  the  wood  is  in  the  right 
condition  when  the  flower  buds  are  well  devel- 


EOSES   UNDER   GLASS.  101 

oped.  Take  cuttings  with  two  or  tliree  leaf 
stalks,  remove  the  lower  one  and  make  a  smooth 
cut,  if  possible  just  beneath  where  the  leaf  stalk 
was  removed  ;  with  the  back  of  the  knife  knock 
off  all  thorns  from  the  wood  and  insert  the  cut- 
ting in  your  bed  of  sand  ;  press  around  the  cut- 
ting firmly,  and  water  thoroughly  with  tepid 
water.  After  this  process  the  cuttings  should 
never  be  allowed  to  get  dry,  the  sand  must  be 
kept  moist  by  frequent  syringing.  If  the  tem-  ) 
perature  of  the  house  is  kept  at  from  fifty  to  \ 
fifty-five  degrees  at  night  and  from  sixty  to 
seventy  during  the  day,  the  cuttings  will  be  well 
rooted  in  twenty^eight  or  thirty  days  after  the 
day  they  are  put  in. 

To  know  when  they  are  in  the  right  condition 
to  pot  off  :  with  a  thin,  flat  stick,  carefully  pry  a 
few  out  of  the  sand;  if  they  have  made  roots  one- 
half  inch  long,  they  can  be  potted.  The  soil 
must  be  prepared  by  taking  tliree  parts  good 
loam,  one  part  sand,  one  part  well-rotted  cow-  '\ 
manure  ;  these  are  to  be  thoroughly  mixed  and 
placed  in  a  warm  position.  Use  two-and-a-half- 
inch  pots,  press  about  the  cuttings  firmly  ;  when 
potted    place    near    the   glass.     Do   not  water 


102  THE    ROSE. 

heavily  for  a  few  days  ;  until  they  begin  to  grow 
freely  a  light  syringing,  just  enough  to  keep  the 
plants  from  becoming  dry,  is  all  that  is  necessary. 

In  about  three  weeks,  the  plants,  if  properly 
treated,  will  be  ready  to  shift  into  four  or  live- 
inch  pots.  The  same  care  used  in  the  first  pot- 
ting must  be  observed  in  this.  By  watering  the 
plants  an  hour  or  so  before  shifting,  they  will 
leave  the  pot  with  a  ball  of  earth,  and  thus  but 
slight  check  or  disturbance  is  given  to  the  growth 
of  the  plants.  The  pots  should  always  be  filled 
to  the  amount  of  one-fourth  or  one-fifth  their 
depth  with  broken  pieces  of  pots,  or  similar  sub- 
stances, in  order  to  secure  perfect  drainage. 
After  four  or  five  weeks'  growth  the  plants  should 
be  ready  for  the  second  shift,  when  six  or  seven- 
inch  pots  will  be  needed.  The  same  soil  should 
be  used,  but  with  the  addition  of  one  shovelful 
of  pure  ground  bone  to  every  forty  shovels  of  soil  ; 
this  must  be  well  mixed.  In  shifting  plants 
always  use  clean  pots. 

The  best  time  to  make  cuttings  is  during  the 
month  of  January  ;  if  you  cannot  obtain  good 
cuttings  of  your  own,  order  young  plants  from 
some  good  grower,  to  be  delivered  to  you  some 


ROSES   UNDER   GLASS.  103 

time  in  February  or  March.  These  plants  will 
probably  be  from  two-and-a-half -inch  pots  and 
will  be  ready  for  their  first  shift.  Do  not  order 
the  plants  sent  by  mail,  for  under  no  circum- 
stances will  plants  by  mail  ever  be  as  good  as 
those  sent  by  express  ;  for  the  reason  that  the 
soil  is  shaken  off  the  roots  when  prepared  for 
mailing,  and  the  roots  get  damaged  in  transit.  I 
would  rather  pay  double  the  price  for  every  plant 
I  wanted  and  have  them  come  by  express  than 
have  them  mailed  at  one-half  the  price. 

After  the  sun  causes  the  temperature  of 
the  house  to  rise  during  the  day,  as  during  mild, 
clear  days  in  February,  March,  and  April,  careful 
attention  must  be  paid  to  ventilation  ;  air  is  to  be 
given  from  the  ridge,  never  from  the  front,  un- 
til after  the  first  of  June,  or  the  plants  will  suffer 
from  mildew,  etc.  The  Aphis  must  be  kept  off 
by  tobacco  fumigation  ;  never  allow  the  plants  to 
become  in  the  least  infested.  Prevent  mildew  by 
dusting  flowers  of  sulphur  on  the  pipes  or  flues, 
which  should  previously  be  moistened  with  water. 

The  plants  will  be  ready  for  removal  from  the 
houses  to  open  air  about  the  first  of  June.  The 
position  chosen  for  plunging  the  roses  must  not 


104:  THE    ROSE. 

be  one  exposed  to  sweeping  winds  or  strong 
draughts  of  air.  The  pots  may  be  plunged  in  a  bed 
of  coal-ashes,  or  any  similar  material,  about  four 
inches  in  depth.  The  plants  should  be  syringed 
once  a  day  to  keep  them  healthy  ;  if  the  surface  of 
tlie  soil  becomes  green  carefully  remove  it  and 
fill  up  with  fresh  soil.  When  the  pots  are  filled 
with  roots  we  give  the  final  shift  for  the  season, 
using  eight,  nine,  or  ten-inch  pots  according  to 
the  size  and  strength  of  the  plant.  If  it  is  de- 
sired to  grow  the  plants  on  benches,  out  of  pots, 
this  last  shift  is  not  used.  For  this  purpose  the 
side  benches  should  not  exceed  three  feet  six 
inches  in  width,  and  next  the  front  should  be 
twelve  or  fourteen  inches  from  the  glass.  The 
benches  must  be  so  made  as  to  hold  five  or  six 
inches  of  soil,  and  the  bottom  boards  laid  one- 
half  inch  apart,  so  as  to  secure  good  drainage  ; 
over  the  cracks  are  placed  thin  sods,  the  grass  side 
downward  ;  these  prevent  the  soil  from  being 
washed  away  by  watering.  The  first  bench  be- 
ing nearer  the  glass  than  the  others  should  be 
used  for  the  more  delicate  growing  kinds,  like 
Niphetos,  etc.  If  the  house  be  not  pitched  too 
high,  the  middle  bench  can  be  made  level,  like 


ROSES   UXDER   GLASS.  105 

[  the  front  one,  using  tlie  back  portion  for  tlie 
1  taller  growing  sorts.     The  third  bench,  if  there 
be  one,  must  be  raised  so  as  to  bring  the  plants 
about  the  same  distance  from  the  glass  as  does 
,    the  first  one.     The  plants  should  be  placed  about 
\    sixteen  or  eighteen  inches  apart,  each  way,  and 
1   should  be  in  position  in  June  or  July.     When 
well  established  and  growing  freely,  give  them  a 
'     mulching  of   good   rotten  manure  mixed  with 
I      bone-dust  ;  one  shovel  bone-dust  to  twenty  of 
'      manure  is  a  good  proportion.     The  amount  of 
water  to  be  given  will  vary  with  the  weather ; 
during  clear  and  hot  days  they  should  have  a 
vigorous  spraying,  given  by  a  syringe  or  from  the 
hose,  twice  a  day.     When  it  is  cloudy  or  cool 
they  may  need  but  a  slight  sprinkling  once  a  day. 
The  soil  should  never  be  allowed  to  become  dry 
so  as   to  show   dust,    or  to   be   saturated  with 
water  ;  either  extreme  is  dangerous  to  the  health 
of  the  plants.     From  the  time  of  planting  out, 
say  the  last  of  June,  until  the  middle  of  Septem- 
ber, or  until  the  nights  become  chilly,  all    the 
ventilators  should  be  constantly  left  wide  open  ; 
when  cool  weather  begins  they  must  be  closed  at 
I       night,  but  air  should  always  be  given  from  the 


106  THE   ROSE. 

ridge  during  tlie  day,  unless  the  weather  be 
adverse.  It  should  be  the  endeavor  to  keep  the 
temperature  fifty-five  degrees  at  night,  and  sixty- 
five  to  eighty  degrees  during  the  day.  If  these 
instructions  are  carefully  heeded,  there  will  be 
an  abundant  supply  of  fine  roses  all  through  the 
season,  from  the  first  of  October  to  the  end  of  the 
following  June,  when  the  same  process  will  be 
repeated.  Although  the  old  plants  can  be  used 
for  a  second  season,  I  do  not  advocate  it  ;  the 
extra  expense  and  trouble  of  renewing  the  beds 
of  soil  and  the  plants  every  season,  I  have  proved 
by  experience  is  more  than  compensated  for  by 
the  better  and  more  constant  supply  of  fine 
blooms. 

If  it  is  decided  to  grow  the  plants  in  pots  all 
the  season  a  somewhat  different  treatment  is  to 
be  followed.  After  the  final  shift  the  plants  are 
again  placed  on  the  bed  of  ashes,  where  they  are 
constantly  to  be  watched  and  cared  for,  the  dead 
leaves  picked  off  and  the  surface  of  the  soil  occa- 
sionally stirred,  care  being  taken  not  to  disturb 
the  young  roots.  During  hot  weather  it  is  best  to 
water  in  the  evening,  but  when  the  nights  be- 
come cool  the  morning  is  a  better  time.     By  the 


ROSES   UNDER   GLASS.  107 

middle  of  August  we  slightly  withhold  watering, 
so  that  the  plants  may  obtain  a  hardy  constitu- 
tion and  a  partial  rest  of  a  few  weeks.  The 
greenhouses  should  be  thoroughly  cleaned,  ready 
to  receive  the  plants  by  the  middle  of  Septem- 
ber. After  the  plants  are  housed  they  should  be 
mulched  with  thoroughly  rotted  cow-manure, 
fifteen  parts,  mixed  with  one  part  pure  ground 
bone.  As  much  is  to  be  placed  on  each  pot  as 
will  remain  and  not  wash  off.  The  soil  is  to  be 
examined  to  see  that  it  does  not  get  too  wet.  In 
ten  or  fifteen  days  after  the  plants  are  placed  in 
the  house  they  will  begin  to  show  plenty  of 
blooms,  and  will  continue  to  push  forth  buds  all 
the  winter.  By  the  first  of  December,  if  the 
plants  are  doing  well,  they  should  have  a  little 
weak  liquid  manure.  Place  one-half  bushel  of 
fresh  cow-manure  in  a  barrel  containing  fifty 
gallons  of  water  ;  stir  it  thoroughly  and  let  it 
stand  two  days  before  using.  The  plants  may 
be  allowed  to  become  a  little  dry  before  the 
liquid  is  applied  ;  it  can  be  used  once  a  week. 
Chicken  manure  is  also  excellent,  applied  in  the 
same  way,  but  as  it  is  stronger,  about  twice  the 
amount  of  water  should  be  used.     When  neither 


108  THE   EOSE. 

of  these  fertilizers  can  be  liad,  Peruvian  giianOy 
two  pounds  to  fifty  gallons  of  water,  may  be  sub- 
stituted. A  peck  of  soot  tied  in  a  coarse  bag 
and  allowed  to  stand  in  water  for  several  liours,  is 
also  a  useful  stimulant.  To  destroy  worms  and 
keep  the  soil  sweet  a  dose  of  lime-water  may  oc- 
casionally be  given  with  excellent  results.  One 
peck  of  fresh  lime  is  placed  in  a  barrel,  and 
enough  water  added  to  slake  it,  as  a  mason 
would  do  in  making  mortar.  When  the  lime 
has  been  slaked,  add  fifty  gallons  of  water  and 
then  let  it  stand  until  clear. 

The  mulching  about  the  plants  may  be  renewed 
during  the  winter,  and  toward  spring  the  liquid 
manure  can  be  given  more  frequently  than  at  the 
first.  At  the  end  of  the  season,  say  the  first 
week  in  June,  the  plants  should  be  removed 
from  the  greenhouse  to  the  plunging  ground  ;  it 
is  desirable  now  to  plunge  the  pots  up  to  the 
rim,  as  this  keeps  the  plants  somewhat  moist,  and 
much  less  water  is  required.  The  supply  of 
water  should  be  gradually  lessened,  that  the 
growth  may  be  checked  and  the  plants  obtain  a 
few  weeks'  rest  ;  in  doing  this,  care  must  be  had 
that  the  young  wood  does  not  shrivel.     After  a 


EOSES   UInTDEB   GLASS.  109 

rest  of  about  five  weeks,  the  plants  are  to  bo 
shifted  into  pots  one  or  two  sizes  larger.  By 
the  middle  of  August  it  will  be  time  to  cut  away 
all  weak  wood,  reserving  the  young  and  strong 
shoots  ;  these  should  be  tied  to  neat  stakes.  As 
the  plants  show  signs  of  forming  new  growth,  a 
httle  more  water  must  be  given  ;  they  should  be 
housed  by  the  middle  of  September  and  treated 
the  same  way  as  the  previous  year. 

Hybrid  Perpetual  Eoses  must  be  managed 
differently  from  the  Teas.  They  are  propagated 
and  grown  in  the  same  way  until  the  first  of 
September,  when  they  should  be  sorted,  and 
all  those  having  the  strongest  and  ripest  wood 
placed  by  themselves.  Water  is  to  be  gradually 
withheld  until  growth  stops,  this  will  be  in  two 
or  three  weeks  ;  the  pots  are  then  to  be  laid  on 
their  sides,  on  a  bed  of  coal-ashes  ;  if  the  weather 
is  hot  and  dry  cover  the  pots  with  rough  grass, 
hay,  or  any  light  material ;  in  this  condition  they 
can,  if  desired,  remain  several  weeks,  provided 
they  are  not  allowed  to  get  hard  frozen. 

Presuming  that  the  blooms  are  required  for 
New  Year's,  the  plants  should  be  thoroughly  ri- 
pened by  the  25th  of  September,  and  must  be 


110  THE  KOSE. 

pruned  about  that  time  ;  in  doing  this  remove 
entirely  all  weak  shoots  and  shorten  the  strong 
ones  to  within  a  few  buds  of  the  base,  cutting 
back  to  a  plump  eye.  Stand  the  pots  up  and 
water  them  a  little  at  a  time  till  the  balls  are 
soaked  through  ;  on  warm  days,  syringe  the  tops 
frequently.  Should  the  nights  get  frosty  place 
the  plants  in  a  pit  or  cold  frame,  covering  with 
sashes.  If  no  such  place  be  ready  the  plants  must 
be  removed  to  the  greenhouse  ;  in  any  event 
they  will  need  to  go  there  when  the  eyes  have 
well  started.  Be  sure  to  give  plenty  of  air  on  all 
mild  days,  and  syringe  two  or  three  times  a  day, 
according  to  the  heat  of  the  sun.  Do  not  allow 
the  temperature  to  exceed  forty  degrees  at  night 
for  the  first  three  weeks  ;  after  that  it  can  be 
gradually  increased  to  forty-five  degrees.  In 
early  November,  special  care  must  be  taken  not 
to  overwater,  at  the  same  time  the  plants  must 
never  be  allowed  to  get  dry  from  the  time  the 
plants  start  into  growth  imtil  the  blooms  are  cut. 
The  temperature  will  be  kept  at  forty  five  de- 
grees for  the  night,  or  a  very  little  above  that 
point,  until  the  flower  buds  form  ;  so  soon  as  the 
buds  are  well  developed  the  night  temperature 


ROSES   UNDER   GLASS.  Ill 

can  be  gradually  increased  to  fifty-iive  degrees. 
So  soon  as  it  is  seen  that  the  flower  buds  are 
forming,  liqnid  manure  may  be  given,  as  directed 
for  Tea  Roses. 

If  the  flowers  are  wanted  any  earlier  than  Jan- 
uary the  plants  must  be  ripened  correspondingly 
early.  It  generally  takes  fourteen  weeks  from 
the  time  of  starting  to  bring  Hybrid  Perpetual 
Hoses  into  bloom.  The  location,  soil,  etc.,  all 
exert  influences  in  this  matter,  and  the  operator 
must  adapt  himself  to  the  circumstances  of  the 
case.  Certainly  there  is  no  royal  road  to  success 
in  forcing  roses  ;  it  is  only  by  hard  work,  patient 
and  careful  watching,  night  and  day,  that  success 
can  be  obtained.  When  the  crop  of  flowers  is 
cut  the  plants  can  be  treated  about  the  same  as 
the  Teas,  excepting  they  will  not  need  quite  so 
much  water  for  a  few  weeks  until  they  begin  to 
grow  freely  again  ;  then  encouragement  should 
be  given  them,  for  the  finer  the  growth  now  the 
better  will  be  the  produce  the  next  season.  At 
the  beginning  of  June  they  can  be  taken  out  of 
doors  and  receive  the  same  treatment  as  young 
plants. 

Varieties   suitable  for   forcing  are  numerous 


112  THE   ROSE. 

(see  Chapter  XI.  for  list  of  varieties),  perhaps  the 
best  dark  ones  for  Verj  early  work  are  General 
Jacqueminot  and  Fisher  Holmes.  Varieties  of 
Tea  Koses  suitable  for  forcing  are  almost  in- 
numerable, and  every  grower  has  his  favorites  ; 
among  the  newer  sorts  some  of  the  Hybrid  Teas 
will  certainly  rank  among  the  first. 

For  this  chapter  readers  are  indebted  to  Mr.  J. 
N.  May,  of  Summit,  ^N".  J.,  a  practical  cultiva- 
tor, one  of  the  most  successful  rosarians  who 
grow  flowers  for  the  New  York  market.  Roses 
under  glass  ai'e  nowhere  brought  to  such  perfec- 
tion as  in  the  neighborhood  of  Summit  and 
Madison,  New  Jersey.  In  the  English  rose  ex- 
hibitions ai-e  yet  to  be  seen  the  finest  specimens 
of  hardy  roses,  but  to  see  the  most  beautiful 
blooms  of  Tea  Roses  that  the  world  produces  we 
must  go  to  Jersey  ;  this  chapter,  from  one  of  the 
adepts,  will  therefore  be  of  great  practical  value 
to  all  who  are  interested  in  growing  roses 
through  the  winter  months. 


CHAPTER   XI. 

VARIETIES     BEST     ADAPTED     EOE     SPECIAL 
PURPOSES. 

Tlie  hinds  marlced  with  an  asterisk  (*)  should 
he  first  chosen. 

For  Pegging-down  and  Bedding. — For  this 
purpose  inonthly  roses  are  the  best,  and  in  select- 
ing suitable  varieties,  several  necessary  qualities 
must  be  considered.  When  we  plant  roses  in 
isolated  positions  we  often  do  so  having  regard 
to  some  special  features  which,  by  themselves, 
would  not  make  the  varieties  of  value  for  mass- 
ing together.  Thus,  Marechal  Niel  and  Niphe- 
tos  are  not  desirable  kinds,  though  they  are 
the  finest  roses  of  their  color.  The  requisites  for 
a  good  bedding  rose  are,  freedom  of  bloom, 
healthy  habit  of  growth,  and  pure,  steadfast 
color.  Symmetry  of  fonn,  fragrance,  and  ful- 
ness of  flower  should  also  be  taken  into  consider- 
ation. 

We  commend  the  following  : 


114  THE   ROSE. 

*Agrippina,  *  Apolline,  Edward  Desfosses, 
^George  Peabody,  ^Hermosa,  Queen  of  Bour- 
bons, *Malmaison,  Madame  Caroline  Kuster, 
Pumila,  Bougcre,  Catherine  Mermet,  Countess 
Riza  du  Pare,  General  Tartas,  '^Gerard  Desbois, 
'^Horner,  Jean  Pernet,  ^La  Princesse  Vera, 
Madame  de  Yatry,  *Madame  Lambard,  Marie 
Ducber,  Marie  Guillot,  "^Marie  Van  Houtte, 
^Monsieur  Furtado,  ^Perle  des  Jardins,  Eubens, 
^Sombreuil,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Triompbe  de 
Luxembourg,  *La  France,  Michael  Saunders, 
Paquerette,  Soupert-et-Notting  (Moss),  Coquette 
des  Alpes,  *Eliza  Boelle,  Madame  Auguste 
Perrin. 

The  Hybrid  Hemontants  are  not  quite  so  useful 
for  bedding  roses  as  those  above  named,  since 
they  are  not  continuously  in  bloom,  but  they  are 
very  beautiful  massed  together  and  are  capable 
of  producing  great  effects.  All  of  these  are 
desirable  : 

Abel  Grand,  ^Alfred  Colomb,  Anne  de  Dies- 
bach,  Annie  Wood,  Baronne  Prevost,  Baroness 
Eothschild,  Boieldieu,  ^Countess  of  Serenye, 
Charles  Lefebvre,  Charles  Margottin,  Countess 
of  Oxford,  ^Eugenie  Yerdier,  ^Fisher  Holmes, 


YAKIETIES  FOR  SPECIAL  PURPOSES.  115 

*Fran9ois  Michelon,  Gabriel  Tournier,  General 
Jacqueminot,  Hippolyte  Jamain,  *John  Hopper, 
La  Eeine,  La  Kosiere,  Louis  Yan  Hontte,  Mabel 
Morrison,  Madame  Charles  Wood,  Madame  Y. 
Yerdier,  '^Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  ^Marie 
Baumann,  Paul  Nejron,  Pierre  Netting,  *Rev. 
J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Yictor  Yerdier. 

For  Forcing. — We  need  for  this  purpose 
varieties  that  ^vill  flower  freely  and  that  are  of 
high  finish  ;  only  the  most  beautiful  should  be 
grown. 

Among  Monthly  Poses  the  most  desirable  are  : 
■^Agrippina,  Douglass,  Souvenir  de  la  Malmai- 
son.  Cloth  of  Gold,  Marechal  Niel,  Marie  Ber- 
ton,  Bon  Silene,  "Catherine  Mermet  (not  very 
free,  but  most  beautiful),  ^Cornelia  Cook  (same 
attributes  as  Mermet),  Homer,  Innocente  Pirola, 
^Isabella  Sprunt,  Jean  Pernet,  *Madame  Bravy, 
^Madame  de  Yatry,  Madame  Lambard,  ^Marie 
Guillot,  *Marie  Yan  Houtte,  Monsieur  Furtado, 
Niphetos,  Odorata,  "^Perle  des  Jardins,  *Pubens, 
Safrano,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  Triomphe  de  Lux- 
embourg, Beauty  of  Stapleford,  Captain  Christy, 
Duke  of  Connaught,  La  France,  Madame 
A.    Bernaix,    Mademoiselle    B.  Yiolet,    Nancy 


116  THE   EOSE. 

Lee,  Yiscoimtess  Falmontli,  Soupert-et-Notting 
(Moss),  *Eliza  Boelle,  Madame  Eoman. 

Among  Hybrid  Kemontants  choose  from  Abel 
Carriere,  *A.  Colomb,  Anne  de  Diesbacli, 
*Baroness  Rotliscliild,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Coun- 
tess Cecile,  ^Countess  of  Serenje,  Countess  of 
Oxford,  Etienne  Levet,  ^Eugenie  Yerdier, 
*Fisher  Holmes,  Frangois  Michelon,  General 
Jacqueminot,  H.  Jamain,  Jean  Liabaud,  *John 
Hoj)per,  Louis  Van  Houtte,  Mabel  Morrison,  La 
Rosiere,  ^Marguerite  de  St.  Amande,  Marie 
Baumann,  Paul  Neyron,  Pierre  Netting,  ^Rev. 
J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Y.  Yerdier. 

Climeing  Roses  for  Conseevatort. — Aimee 
Yibert  Scandens,  Banksia  White,  Banksia  Yel- 
Jow,  *Celine  Forrestier,  Claire  Carnot,  Cloth  of 
Gold,  *Lamarque,  Marechal  Niel,  *Solfaterre, 
Belle  Lyonnaise,  "^Gloire  de  L)ijon,  Madame 
B6rard,  ^Marie  Berton,  Peine  Marie  Henri- 
ette. 

Hardy  Roses,  that  are  free  autumnal  sorts. 
— Gloire  de  L)ijon,  *La  France,  Yiscountess 
Falmouth,  Salet,  Soupert-et-Kotting.  All  the 
Hybrid  Noisettes.  Abel  Grand,  *Alfred  Colomb, 
Antoine  Yerdier,  Annie  Wood,  Baronne  Prevost, 


VARIETIES  FOR   SPECIAL  PURPOSES.  117 

^Bareness  Kothschild,  *Boieldieu,  Caroline  de 
Sansal,  ^Countess  of  Serenye,  Etienne  Levet, 
Eugenie  Yerdier,  ^Fran9ois  Miclielon,  Gabriel 
Tonrnier,  General  Washington,  Hipj^olyte 
Jamain,  Horace  Yernet,  John  Hopper,  Jules 
Margottin,  La  Eeine,  Louis  Yan  Houtte,  Mabel 
Morrison,  Madame  Charles  Wood,  ^Marguerite 
de  St.  Amand,  Marie  Baumann,  Monsieur  No- 
man,  Paul  Neyron,  Princess  Charlotte,  *Rev.  J. 
B.  M.  Camm,  Yictor  Yerdier.  These  are  not  all 
perfectly  hardy  ;  for  list  of  such  kinds  see  below. 
Highly  Scented  Eoses. — With  but  few  ex- 
ceptions all  Moss  Roses.  Blanchefleur,  Centifolia, 
Madame  Hardy,  *Marechal  Niel,  Aline  Sisley, 
*Bon  Silene,  Catherine  Mermet,  Countess  Riza 
du  Pare,  ^Devoniensis,  Jules  Finger,  *Madame 
Bravy,  Madame  F.  Janin,  Marie  Yan  Houtte, 
*Odorata,  Rubens,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  ^Duchess 
of  Connaught,  Hon.  George  Bancroft,  *La 
France,  ^Nancy  Lee,  *Yiscountess  Falmouth, 
^Soupert-et-E'otting,  ^Alfred  Colomb,  Baronne 
Prevost,  Bessie  Johnson,  Fisher  Holmes,  General 
Jacqueminot,  Horace  Yernet,  Louis  Yan  Houtte, 
Mme.  Chirard,  *Madame  Yictor  Yerdier,  Marie 
Baumann,    Marie    Rady,    Maurice    Bernardin, 


118  THE   ROSE. 

Pierre  Netting,  Prince  de  Porcia,  Queeu  of 
Waltham,  ''^Eev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Xavicr  Olibo. 

The  most  hardy  Koses. — Abel  Grand,  Anne 
de  Diesbacli,  Baron  de  Bonstetten,  *Baronne 
Prevost,  Baroness  E-otlisehild,  Boieldien,  Caro- 
line de  Sansal,  Charles  Margottin,  Countess  of 
Serenye,  Edward  Morren,  Francois  Miclielon, 
General  Jacqueminot,  Jules  Margottin,  *La 
Reine,  Mabel  Morrison,  Madame  Boll,  Madame 
Jolj,  Marchioness  of  Exeter,  Marguerite  de  St. 
Amande,  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Maurice  Ber- 
nardin,  Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm.  All  summer  roses, 
with  scarce  any  exception,  are  hardy,  more  so 
than  any  of  the  Hybrid  Remontants.  The  most 
hardy  of  the  Monthly  Roses  are  Apolline,  Ed- 
ward Desfosses,  Hermosa,  Louise  Odier,  Aimee 
Yibert,  Caroline  Marniesse,  Gloire  de  Dijon, 
Reine  Marie  Henriette,  Bougere,  Gerard  Desbois, 
Homer,  Madame  de  Yatry,  Marie  Ducher,  Som- 
breuil. 

The  most  beautiftjl  Roses,  or  those  suriED 
FOR  Exhibition. — Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison, 
Cloth  of  Gold,  *Marechal  Niel,  Madame  Berard, 
*Marie  Berton,  ^Catherine  Mermet,  "^Cornelia 
Cook,  *Homer,  *Madame  Bravy,  *Marie  Guillot, 


VARIETIES   FOR   SPECIAL   PURPOSES.  119 

Marie  Yan  Houtte,  Monsieur  Furtado,  Niphe- 
tos,  Perle  des  Jardins,  "^Rubens,  Souvenir  d'un 
Ami,  ^Captain    Christy,  *La  France,  Madame 
Alexander   Bernaix,   Princess    Louise    Victoria, 
*^Eliza   Boelle,   ^Madame   Noman,  A.  Geoffrey 
St.  Hilaire,  Abel  Carriere,  "A.  Colomb,  A.  K. 
Williams,  Baron  de  Bonstetten,  ^Baroness  Rotli- 
scliild,   ■^Charles   Lefebvre,    Charles   Margottin, 
Countess  Cecile,   Countess  of  Serenye,  Edward 
Morren,  Egeria,  ^'Eugenie  Yerdier,  "^E.  Y.  Teas, 
Fisher    Holmes,     Fran9ois     Mich  el  on,     George 
Prince,  ^Horace  Yernet,   ^Jean  Liabaud,  John 
Hopper,   Jules   Margottin,    La  Eosiere,   *Louis 
Yan  Houtte,  Mabel  Morrison,  ^Madame  Yictor 
Yerdier,    Marguerite    de    St.    Amand,    *Marie 
Baumann,  ^Marie  Rady,  Marquise  de  Castellane, 
Maurice  Bernardin,  Monsieur  Koman,  Paul  Ney- 
ron,  *Pierre  :N'otting,  -^Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm, 
Yictor  Yerdier,  *Xavier  Olibo. 


CHAPTEK  XII. 

EAISERS   OF  THE  BEST  EOSES. 

With  tlie  immense  number  of  varieties  pro- 
duced and  sent  out  each  year,  it  would  be  well  if 
we  had  some  criterion  which  would  enable  us  to 
select  the  probably  meritorious  sorts  from  the 
mass  of  kinds  which  are  worthless.  We  have, 
as  yet,  no  better  guide  than  the  reputation  of  the 
raisers  ;  by  comparing  the  best  sorts  of  the 
different  growers  we  can  estimate  with  some  ex- 
actness the  value  each  grower  has  been  to  the 
world  ;  judging  from  what  we  have  received  in 
the  past,  we  can  estimate,  in  a  measure,  the 
value  of  that  proffered  annually  by  the  different 
raisers  of  new  roses. 

The  best  sorts  of  each  raiser  are  given  in  the 
accompanying  list,  and  are  those  kinds  most 
generally  grown  the  world  over. 

*  These  raisers  are  dead,  or  have  retired  from 
business,  or  are  not   likely  to  be  heard  from 


KAISERS   OF  THE   BEST  ROSES. 


121 


The  abbreviations  used  describing  the  classes 
are  :  A. — Austrian  ;  B. — Bourbon  ;  Beng. — 
Bengal ;  CI.  T.— Climbing  Tea  ;  D.—Damask  ; 
Hy.  CI. —Hybrid  Climber  ;  Hy.  E.— Hybrid 
Noisette  ;  H.  R. —Hybrid  Keraontant ;  H.  T.— 
Hybrid  Tea  ;  M.— Moss  ;  N.— Noisette  ;  P.— 
Prairie  ;  P.  M. — Perpetual  Moss  ;  Pol. — Poly- 
antha  ;  Pro  v. — Provence  ;  T. — Tea. 

*  JBaumann.     France. 
Marie  Baumann H.K.         1863 

*  Jean  Beluze.     Lyons,  France. 
His  first  variety  was  sent  out  in  1840. 

Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison B.         1843 

Leveson  Gower ^'  1846 

Henry  Bennett.     England. 

First  variety  issued  in  1879. 

Beauty  of  Stapleford Hy.T.  1879 

Duchess  of  Connaught '^  1879 

Duchess  of  Westminster ''  1879 

Duke  of  Connaught ^*  1879 

Hon.  George  Bancroft "  1879 

JeanSisley ''  1879 

Michael  Saunders ''  1879 

Nancy  Lee ....;...     "  1879 


122  THE   ROSE. 

Pearl Hy.T.  1879 

Yiscountess  Falmouth '^  18T9 

These  were  raised  bv  other  parties,  but  were  pur- 
chased and  sent  out  by  Bennett. 

Duchess  of  Edinburgh H.E.  1874: 

Egeria "  1878 

Lord  Beaconsfield ''  1878 

Mabel  Morrison ''  1878 

Madame  Welche T.  1878 

*  Daniel  Boll.     New  York. 

Madame  Boll  (sent  out  by  Bojeau)  H.K.  1859 

*  Boyeau.      France. 

Solfaterre K.  1843 

Souvenir  de  Mons.  Boll H.R.  1866 

Broughton.     (Amateur.)     England. 

Mabel  Morrison H.E.  1878 

B.  B.  Cant.     Colchester,  England. 

Prince  Arthur H.E.  1875 

Scipion  Cochet.     France. 

Souv.  de  la  Eeine  d' Angleterre . .  H.E.  1855 

Anthony  CooTc.     (Koch.)     Baltimore,  Md. 

Cornelia  Cook T.  1855 


KAISERS   OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  123 

Cranston  c&  Co.     ling's  Acre,  England. 

Climbing  Jules  Margottin Hy.Cl.  1875 

Sir  Garnet  Wolseley H.K.  1875 

Mrs.  Jowitt '*  1880 

Fredericlc  Damaizin.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1857. 

Mademoiselle  Rachel T.  1860 

Madame  Charles "  1864 

Abel  Grand H.E.  1865 

Felix  Genero "  1866 

Madame  Nachury "  1873 

La  Rosiere ''  1874 

Davis.     England. 

Penelope  Mayo H.R.  1878 

■^  Desprez.     France. 

Desprez IS".  1838 

Baronne  Pr6vost H.R.  1842 

Caroline  de  Sansal "  1849 

Ducher  and  Widow.     Lyons,  France. 
First  variety  sent  out  in  1852. 

Gloire  de  Ducher H.R.  1865 

Nardy  Freres ^'  1865 

Antoine  Ducher "  1866 

Marie  Ducher T.  1868 


124 


THE  ROSE. 


Ducher Beng.  1869 

Coquette  de  Lyon T.  1870 

Marie  Yan  Houtte ^'  1871 

Perle  de  Lyon "  1872 

Comte  de  Sembui "  1874 

Jean  Ducher '^  1874 

Marechal  Robert "  1875 

Triompbe  de  Milan ''  1876 

Madame  Maurice  Kuppenbeim. .     '^  1877 

Innocente  Pirola *'  1878 

Madame  Welcbe "  1878 

Jean  Lorthois ''  1879 

Jules  Finger ''  1879 

Madame  Louis  Henry IST.  1879 

Mademoiselle  Cecile  Brunner . . .    Pol.  1880 
*  I^ast.    Baltimore,  Md. 

Anna  Maria P.  1843 

Baltimore  Belle ''  1843 

Queen  of  Prairies ''  1843 

*  Fontaine  j^ere,     Chatillon,  France. 

Queen  Victoria H.R.  1850 

Mme.  Chas.  Crapelet ''  1859 

Marie  Rady '^  1865 

Charles  Fontaine.     Chatillon,  France. 

Louis  Dore H.R.  1878 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  125 

Gargon.     Rouen,  France. 

Mme.  Hippoljte  Jamain H.E.  1871 

Boieldieu "  1877 

Gautreau.     France. 

Mme.  de  St.  Fulgent H.E.  1872 

Camille  Bernardin "  1865 

J.  M.  Gonod.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1 863. 

Achille  Gonod H.E.  186:1 

Mme.  Louis  Donadine ''  1877 

Mme.  Anna  de  Besobrasoff "  1877 

Mme.  Eugene  Cliambeyran '*  1878 

Mile.  Julie  Dynionier "  1879 

Granger. 

General  Washington H.E.  1861 

Maurice  Bernardin "  1861 

Duke  of  Wellington "  1864 

Exposition  de  Brie "  1865 

Edward  Morren ''  1868 

*  Guillot  pere.     Lyons,  France. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1842. 

Duchesse  de  Thuringe B.  1847 

Canary T.  1852 


126  THE  ROSE. 

Lord  Raglan H.R.  1854 

Senateur  Yaisse "  1859 

Mme.  Bellenden  Ker H.K  1866 

Monsieur  Noman H.R.  18G7 

Mme.  Noman H.K  1867 

Countess  of  Oxford H.R.  1869 

Eliza  Boelle H.K  1869 

J.  B.  Guillotfils.     Lyons,  France. 

Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1858. 

Mme.  Falcot T.  1858 

Horace  Yernet H.R.  1866 

Mme.  Margottin T.  1866 

La  France H.T.  1867 

Eugenie  Yerdier H.R.  1869 

Catherine  Mermet T.  1869 

Comtesse  de  Nadaillac ^'  1871 

Abbe  Bramerel H.R.  1871 

Claire  Camot K  1873 

Aline  Sisley T.  1874 

Marie  Guillot "  1874 

Paquerette Pol.  1875 

Mme.  Alex  Bernaix H.T.  1877 

Mme.  Angele  Jacquier T.  1879 

Pierre  Guillot H.T.  1879 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  127 

*  Giiinoiscay.     France. 

Empereur  de  Maroc H.K.  1858 

*  Hardy.     Paris,  France. 

Mme.  Hardy Dam.  1832 

Bon  Silene T.  1839 

Triomphe  de  Lnxembourg ''  

*  Harrison.     (Amateur.)    IS^ew  York. 

Harrison's  Yellow A.  1830 

*  Jacotot.     (Amateur.)     France. 

Gloire  de  Dijon Cl.T.  1853 

Hijppolyte  Jamain.     Paris,  France. 

Mme.  Boutin ..H.R.  1861 

Dupuj  Jamain ''  1868 

Constantin  Tretiakoff "  1877 

Paul  Jamain "  1878 

*  Knight.    England. 

Princess  Louise  Yictoria H.Cl.  1872 

Frangois  Lacharme.     Lyons,  France. 

Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1844. 

Yictor  Yerdier H.R.  1852 

Salet P.M.  1854 

Pc^onia H.E.  1855 

Anne  de  Diesbach "  1858 

Charles  Lefebvre ''  1861 


128  THE   ROSE. 

Mme.  A.  de  Eougemont H.N.  1862 

Xavier  Olibo H.K.  1864 

Alfred  Colomb ''  1865 

Baronne  de  Maynard H.N.  1865 

Coquette  des  Alpes '^  1867 

Boule  de  ISTeige "  1867 

Louis  Yan  Houtte H.E.  1869 

Coquette  des  Blanches H.N.  1871 

Mme.  Lacharme Hy.  China.  1872 

Captain  Christy H.  T.  1873 

Hippolyte  Jamain H.E.  1874 

Countess  of  Serenye ''  1874 

Jean  Soupert "  1875 

Mme.  Lambard T.  1877 

Catherine  Soupert H.E.  1879 

Julius  Finger H.T.  1879 

*  Laffay.     Bellevue,  France. 

Mme.  Laffay H.E.  1839 

WiUiam  Jesse ''  1840 

Duchess  of  Sutherland ^'  1840 

La  Eeine ''  1844 

Princess  Adelaide M.  1845 

Coupe  d'H6be Hy.  China.  — 

Auguste  Mie H.E.  1851 

Laneii M.  1854 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  129 

Capt.  John  Ingram M.  1856 

Monsieur  Furtado T.  1863 

*  Lansezeur.     France. 

Triomplie  de  Kennes N.  1857 

Thomas  Laxton.     Bedford,  England. 

Annie  Laxton II.R.  1869 

Princess  Louise ^^  1869 

Empress  of  India ''  1876 

Emily  Laxton ''  1877 

Marchioness  of  Exeter ''  1877 

Mrs.  Laxton ''  1878 

Eichard  Laxton ''  1878 

Charles  Darwin "  1879 

Doctor  Hogg ''  1880 

Mrs.  Harry  Turner "  1880 

*  Lecomte.     France. 

Marechal  Yaillant H.E.  1861 

Ledechaux.    France, 

Henri  Ledechaux H.R.  1868 

Madame  Ferdinand  Janin "  1875 

LeonEenault ''  1878 

Antoine  Level.     Lyons,  France. 

Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1866-. 

Mademoiselle  Therese  Levet H.R.  1866 


130  THE   ROSE. 

Belle  Lyonnaise Cl.T.  1869 

Madame  Trifle "  1869 

Paul  Neyron H.E.  1869 

Madame  Berard Cl.T.  1870 

Madame  Jules  Margottin T.  1871 

Frangois  Michelon H.E.  1871 

Madame  Frangois  Janin T.  1872 

Perle  des  JardiiLS ''  1874 

Autoine  Mouton H.K.  1874 

Marie  Berton Cl.T.  1875 

Madame  Etienne  Levet Hy.T.  1878 

Mademoiselle  Brigitte  Y iolet ...      ''  1878 

Keine  Marie  Hemiette CI.  T.  1878 

Madame  Ducher  . , H.E.  1879 

Fran9ois  Levet ''  1880 

Lemque  <&  Son.     Ivry,  near  Paris,  France. 

Due  de  Eohan , H.E.  1861 

Emilie  Hausburgh "  1868 

Devienne  Lamy "  1868 

Eichard  Wallace "  1871 

Madame  Louis  Leveque **  1873 

Avocat  Duvivier ''  1875 

Princess  Charlotte "  1877 

Gaston  Leveque "  1878 

Madame  Chedane   Guinoiseau . . .   T.  1880 


RAISERS   OF  THE  BEST  ROSES.  131 

Lidbaud.     Lyons,  France. 

Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1852. 

Madame  Clemence  Joigneaux. .  ..H.R.  1861 

Jean  Cherpin "  1865 

Marquise  de  Mortemart "  1868 

Baron  de  Bonstetten ''  1871 

Jean  Liaband ''  1875 

Mademoiselle  Emma  Hall ''  1876 

Madame  de  Labonlaye *'  1877 

Madame  Gabriel  Luizet ''  1878 

Claude  Bernard "  1878 

*  Marest.     France. 

Comtesse  Cecile  de  Chabrillant. . .  H.E.  1859 

Margottin  ^ere.     Paris,  France. 

Louise  Odier B.  1851 

Alexandrine  Bacbmetieff H.E.  1852 

Jules  Margottin ''  1853 

Triompbe  de  PExposition '^  1855 

Anne  Alexieff "  1858 

Charles  Margottm "  1864 

Charles  Turner ''  1869 

Madame  de  Kidder "  1871 

Triomphe  de  France H.K.  1875 

Madame  Jeanne  Joubert B.  1877 

Gloii-e  de  Bourg  La  Keine H.E.  1879 


132  THE   ROSE. 

Mar goUlrh  fits.     Paris,  France. 

Comte  de  Mortemart H.K.         1880 

Madame  Isaac  Pereire B.  1880 

Moreau-Bobert.     Angers,  France. 

Sombreuil T.  1851 

Madame  Edward  Ory P.M.  1854 

Homer T.  1859 

Pubens ''  1859 

Blanche  Moreau M.  1880 

Mottheau.     France. 

Comtesse  de  Clioiseuil H.K.  1878 

Nabonnand.     Golfe  Juan,  France. 
Duchess    of    Edinburgh  (sent   out  by 

Yeitch) Hy.Beng.         1874 

Cannes  La  Coquette Hy.T.         1877 

La  Princesse  Vera T.  1878 

Duchesse  de  Yallombrosa ^'  1879 

*  Nerard.     France. 

Giant  of  Battles H.K.         1846 

Oger.     France. 

Triomphe  de  Beaute H.K.         1853 

Madame  Pierre  Oger B.  1878 

Has  sent  out  upward  of  25  varieties,  none 
being  of  first  quality. 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  133 

Paul  (&  Son  (George  Paul).    Cheshunt,  Eng. 

Lord  Clyde H.K.  1863 

Duke  of  Edinburgli "  1868 

Climbing  Victor  Yerdier ''  1871 

Cheshunt  Hybrid. H.T.  1872 

S.  Eeynolds  Hole H.E.  1872 

The  Shah "  1874 

Duke  of  Connaught ''  1875 

Climbing  Bessie  Johnson ''  1878 

John  Bright "  1878 

Climbing  Edward  Morren "  1879 

Marquis  of  Salisbury "  1879 

Dukeof  Teck "  1880 

Glory  of  Cheshunt "  1880 

Wm.  Paul  &  Son.     "Waltham  Cross,  Eng. 

Beauty  of  Waltham H.E.  1862 

LordMacaulay ''  1863 

Princess  Beatrice ''  1872 

Peach  Blossom "  1874 

Queen  of  Waltham "  1875 

Star  of  Waltham "  1875 

Magna  Charta "  1876 

Queen  Eleanor ''  1876 

EosyMorn ''  1878 

E.  Dudley  Baxter ''  1879 


134  THE   ROSE. 

Crown  Prince H.K.  1880 

Masterpiece "  1880 

James  Pentland.     Baltimore,  Md. 

Doctor  Kane N.  1856 

George  Peabody B.  1857 

J.  Pernet.     Lyons,  France. 

Mademoiselle  Bonnaire H.IST.  1859 

Jean  Pernet T.  1867 

Baroness  Kothscliild U.K.  1867 

Marquise  de  Castellane '^  1869 

Mme.  Caroline  Kuster N.  1873 

Soupert-et-ITotting P.M.  1874 

Souvenir  de  Mme.  Pernet T.  1875 

Charles  KovoUi "  1875 

Wilhelm  KoeUe H.K.  1878 

Ferdinand  Cliaffolte <^  1879 

*  Joshua  Pierce.     Washington,  D.  C. 

Mrs.  Hovey P.  1850 

Triumphant «'  1850 

^Portemer. 
Introduced  his  first  variety  about  1837. 

William  Griffith H.K.  1850 

Lady  Stuart Hy.Ch.  1852 

Pierre  Notting H.K.  1863 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  135 

R.  B.  Postans.     England. 

May  Quennel H.R.  1878 

Countess  of  Roseberry "  1879 

Dachess  of  Bedford "  1879 

*  Pradel.     France. 

Mar6chal  Mel ]^.  1864 

*  Bamlaux.     France. 

Marie  Finger H.R.  1873 

Anne  Marie  de  Montravel Pol.  1879 

"^  Bousselet,  France. 

General  Jacqueminot H.R.  1853 

*  Sansal.     France. 
Marguerite  de  St.  Amand H.R.  1864 

Joseph  Schwartz,    Lyons,  France. 

Auguste  Rigotard H.R.  1871 

Andre  Dunand ''  1871 

Ducliesse  de  Yallombrosa "  1875 

Comtesse  Riza  du  Pare T.  1876 

Marquise  Adele  de  Murinais H.R.  1876 

A.  K.  Williams "  1877 

Egeria ''  IS'^S 

Jules  Chr6tien  .• ''  1878 

Lord  Beaconsfield ''  1878 


136  THE   KOSB. 

Madame  Angnste  Perrin H.N.  18Y8 

Madame  Oswald  de  Kercliove .. .    '^  1879 

Eeine  Maria  Pia Cl.T.  1880 

Jiev.  Ja7nes  Sjprunt^  D.D.     Kenans ville,  N.  C. 

Isabella  Sprunt T.  1865 

James  Sprunt Beng.  1858 

*  Touvais.     France. 

Due  de  Gazes H.K.  1860 

Mme.  Julie  Daran "  1861 

Centifolia  Kosea ,     "  1863 

*  Trouillard.     Angers,  France. 

Eugene  Appert H.E.  1859 

Mrs.  Standish. ''  1860 

Celine  Forestier JST.  1860 

Charles  Turner.     Slougli,  England. 

Jolm  S.  Mill H.E.  1874 

Miss  Hassard "  1875 

Eev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm ''  1875 

Eoyal  Standard ''  1874 

Oxonian "  1875 

Mrs.  Baker "  1875 

Dean  of  Windsor ''  1879 

Dr.  Sewell ''  1879 

Harrison  Weir "  1879 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES. 


137 


*  Yanasche.     France. 

Leopold  Premier 

....H.K. 

1863 

Chas.   Verdier. 

Paris. 

Ducliesse  de  Cajlus 

..   ILK. 

1864 

Paul  Yerdier 

..Hj.Ch. 

1866 

Eugene  Yerdier. 

Paris. 

Madame  Chas.  Wood 

....H.E. 

1861 

Prince  Camille  de  Pohan  . . . 

1861 

Madame  Victor  Yerdier 

' 

1863 

George  Prince 

1864 

Doctor  Andry 

. . .  • 

1864 

Fislier  Holmes 

1865 

Prince  de  Portia * 

1865 

Annie  Wood * 

1866 

Thomas  Mills ' 

1873 

E.  Y.  Teas 

i 

1874 

Abel  Carriere 

i 

1875 

Charles  Baltet ' 

1877 

Madame  Alphonse  Lavallee . 

i 

1878 

Madame  Eugene  Yerdier 

c 

1878 

Souvenir  de  Yictor  Yerdier . 

i 

1878 

Comtesse  de  Ludre 

( 

s. 

1879 

*  Yictor  Yerdier. 

Pari 

Introduced  his  first  variety  in  1828. 

Douglass 

....Be 

ng. 

1848 

138  THE  ROSE. 

Apolline    Bourb.         1848 

Jacques  Vigneron.     Orleans,  France. 

Elizabeth  Vigneron H.E.         1865 

Glory  of  Waltliam    (sent   out   by   W. 

Paul) Hy.Cl.         1865 

*  Yihert.    Paris. 

Aim6e  Yibert IST.  1828 

Countess  of  Murinais M.  1843 

Blanchefleur , Prov.  1846 

Glory  of  Mosses M.  1852 

Viennot.  France. 
Marechal  YaiUant H.E.         1861 

Ward.     Ipswich,  England. 

John  Hopper H.E.         1862 

The  standing  of  the  various  rosarians,  now  in 
business,  who  have  sent  out  two  or  more  sorts 
of  good  repute,  is  here  placed  in  order  of  merit. 

1.  Lacliarme.     Victor  Verdier,  Alfred  Colomb, 

Coquette  des  Alpes,  Charles  Lefebvre,  are 
varieties  of  marked  individuality,  produced 
by  him.  He  has  sent  out  fewer  poor  or  in- 
different sorts  than  any  other  large  grower. 
He  raises  few  Teas. 

2.  Guillot  fils.     In    La   France   and    Catherine 

Mermet,  he  has  given  us  new  types  of  won- 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  139 

drous  beauty.  Horace  Yernet,  Eugenie 
Yerdier,  and  Marie  Guillot,  are  sorts  scarcely 
less  fine.  He  furnishes  about  equal  numbers 
of  Teas  and  Hybrid  Kemontants. 
3.-  E.  Yerdier.  Has  sent  out  no  Teas  except 
Marechal  E'iel,  but  many  more  hardy  kinds 
than  any  other  grower.  Most  of  those 
which  have  any  value  are  crimson  sorts. 
While  he  has  issued  far  too  many  indiffer- 
ent kinds,  and  so  has  injured  his  record,  we 
cannot  but  be  grateful  to  him  for  the  lovely 
dark  roses  he  has  given  us,  like  Prince 
Camille,  Mme.  Yictor  Yerdier,  and  Fisher 
Holmes. 

4.  A.  Levet.   F.  Michel  on  and  Perle  des  Jardins 

are  his  greatest  gains.  He  is  profuse  in  his 
production  of  climbing  Teas  of  the  Dijon 
type. 

5.  Ducher.     Strong  in  Teas. 

6.  Paul  &  Son  (George  Paul).     Has  given  us 

some  dark  kinds  of  wondrous  beauty,  but 
they  do  not  thrive  in  our  extreme  climate. 
Perhaps  some  of  his  newer  ones  will  be 
better  adapted  to  our  requirements.  We 
miss  very  much  in  not  being  able  to  grow 
well  S.  Reynolds  Hole,  etc. 


140  THE   ROSE. 

7.  Schwartz.     A.  K.  Williams  and  Egeria   are 

among  the  most  beautiful  roses,  but  lack  a 
good  constitution.  Mesdames  Auguste  Per- 
rin  and  Oswald  de  Kerchove  are  new  types, 
valuable  additions  to  the  Hybrid  Noisette 
family. 

8.  Wm.  Paul  &  Son.     Although  this  firm  have 

sent  out  no  roses  of  sensational  beauty,  they 
have  given  some  that  have  been  useful  in 
their  day. 

9.  Laxton.     Those  of  his  raising  and   Charles 

Turner's  are,  so  far,  the  most  useful  English 
roses  for  our  climate. 

10.  Pernet.  Baroness  Rothschild  and  Soupert- 
et-ISTotting  are  his  distinctive  sorts. 

11.  Turner.     A  raiser  with  an  active  conscience. 

Would  there  were  more  ! 

12.  Margottin.  His  roses  have  at  least  been 
distinct. 

13.  Liabaud.  In  the  contest  for  supremacy  has 
brought  out  some  darJc  horses  that  have  some 
years  won  the  race. 

14.  Bennett. 

15.  Moreau-Robert. 

16.  Damaizin. 


RAISERS   OF  THE   BEST   ROSES.  141 

17.  L6veque. 

18.  Granger. 

19.  Cranston  &  Co. 

20.  Postans. 

21.  Gonod. 

22.  Sprunt. 

23.  Nabonnand.  This  gentleman  has  sent  out 
some  seventy  varieties,  mostly  Teas,  but  for 
some  reason  (is  it  lack  of  merit  ?)  they  have 
not  taken  well  with  the  public. 

24.  Garden. 

25.  Jamain. 

26.  Rambaux. 

27.  Gautreau. 

28.  Ledechaux. 

29.  Charles  Verdi er. 

30.  Vigneron. 

31.  Margottin  fils. 

32.  Oger.  Last  and  least,  is  one  of  the  oldest 
raisers  who  has  sent  out  a  large  number  of 
sorts,  but  the  rose  public,  perhaps  being 
prejudiced,  have  never  seen  merit  in  any- 
thing he  has  produced. 

Lest  this  list  of  raisers  may  seem  to  have  been 
too  arbitrarily  arranged,  we  subjoin  a  list  gauged 


142 


THE   ROSE. 


according  to  the  number  and  standing  of  tlie 
varieties  which  represent  them  (the  raisers),  as 
given  in  the  election  of  exhibition  roses,  held  in 
England  last  summer.  The  result  of  this  elec- 
tion was  published  in  the  Journal  of  Horticul- 
ture^ October  6th,  1881,  the  best  twelve  varieties 
standing  in  the  following  order  of  merit  :  Marie 
Baumann,  Alfred  Colomb,  Baroness  Kothschild, 
Charles  Lefebvre,  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Duke 
of  Edinburgh,  Louis  Van  Houtte,  Marechal 
Niel,  Marie  Rady,  La  France,  A.  K.  Williams, 
Etienne  Levet.  The  names  of  eighty-eight  vari- 
eties are  noted,  and  the  total  number  of  votes 
giving  the  several  varieties  of  each  raiser  deter- 
mine the  relative  standing  of  the  raisers.  The 
names  of  those  rosarians  now  living,  as  gauged 
by  this  election,  rank  in  the  following  order  : 

1.  E.  Verdier 12  sorts 423  votes. 

2.  Lacharme 11 

3.  Guillotfils 6 

4.  Levet 4 

5.  Paul  &  Son 4 

6.  Fernet 2 

Y.   Schwartz 3 

8.  W.  Paul  &Son.  4 


409 
204 
146 
140 
132 
112 
101 


KAISEKS  OF  THE   BEST  EOSES.  143 

, 68  votes. 


9.   Granger 

..  3  sorts 

10.  Baumann 

..  1 

11.  Jamain 

..   2 

12.  Liabaud 

..   2 

13.  Leveque 

..   3 

14.  Turner 

..  3 

15.  Laxton 

...  3 

16.  Ducher 

. .   1 

17.  Gautreau 

. .   1 

18.  Ward 

. .   1 

19.  Cranston 

. .   1 

20.  Kambaux 

. .  1 

21.   Postans 

. .   1 

22.  Damaizin 

. .  1 

23.  Gar9on 

. .   1 

24.  Davis 

. .   1 

25.  C.  Fontaine  . . 

67 

64 

63 

57 

43 

40 

36 

34 

34 

28 

26 

22 

20 

15 

11 

10 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  Tea  Roses,  in  the  elec- 
tion, play  an  unimportant  part,  as  in  England 
tbey  are  mostly  grown  under  glass,  and  for  exhi- 
bition purposes  are  only  to  be  had  in  small  quan- 
tities. Some  voters  did  not  consider  the  Teas  at 
all,  confining  their  votes  to  hardy  varieties,  doing 
this  on  account  of  the  radical  differences  which 
exist  between  the  two  classes.     This  has  an  im- 


144  THE   ROSE. 

portant  bearing  in  estimating  the  comparative 
standing  of  the  various  growers  ;  thus,  Ducher's 
forte  has  been  the  production  of  fine  Tea  Eoses, 
and  this  last  hst  does  not  give  him  his  just  posi- 
tion. We  must  consider  it  therefore  from  the 
standpoint  of  hardy  exhibition  varieties  ;  in 
doing  this,  we  find  an  interesting  impartial  com- 
parison. Seven  raisers  named  in  our  hst  find  no 
representation  in  the  election  list,  these  are 
Sprunt,  Nabonnand,  Ledechaux,  Charles  Ver- 
dier,  Yigneron,  Margottin  fils,  and  Oger.  We 
believe  our  own  list  to  represent  more  correctly 
the  comparative  merit  of  the  various  producers 
of  new  roses  ;  but  the  latter,  as  has  been  said,  is 
certainly  impartial,  and  is  the  more  gladly  in- 
serted, to  show  that  we  have  no  bias  that  influ- 
enced us  in  our  arrangement. 


CHAPTEE  XIII. 

THE  SEED   PARENTS   OF  THE  LEADING  KOSES. 

Our  information,  whenever  possible,  has  been 
obtained  from  the  raisers  themselves  ;  there  may 
be  some  inaccuracies,  but  great  pains  have 
been  taken  to  make  the  list  as  comprehensive  and 
correct  as  possible.  It  ^vill  be  observed  that 
General  jacqueminot,  Jules  Margottin,  and  Vic- 
tor Yerdier,  have  been  the  most  used  as  parent 
sorts.  While  we  hope  this  list  will  be  of  general 
interest,  it  will,  we  are  sure,  be  of  value  to  those 
engaged  in  raising  new  varieties.  Some  few  of 
the  varieties  are  crosses  from  two  known  sorts, 
but  only  the  female  parent  is  given  ;  this  is  the 
case  with  all  the  Hybrid  Teas  of  Bennett  ;  the 
full  parentage  of  these  kinds  may  be  found  in 
the  catalogue  of  varieties.  It  must  not  be  in- 
ferred that  all  the  varieties  that  bear  seed  freely 
are  included  in  this  list  ;  on  the  contrary,  some 
of  the  most  productive  have  no  representation — - 
such  are  Baron  Chaurand,  Jean  Cherpin,  Dr.  de 


146  THE   KOSE. 

Chalus,  Thomas  Mills  ;  while  Victor  Yerdier 
and  Giant  of  Battles,  which  seem  to  seed  freely 
in  Lyons,  France,  rarely  bring  seed  to  perfection 
in  Rochester. 

Alba  Rosea  (Tea). — Beanty  of  Stapleford  (Ily. 
Tea),  Nancy  Lee  (Hy.  Tea). 

Anne  de  Diesbach.  —  Princess  Marie  Dplgo- 
rouky. 

Annie  Wood. — Edward  Dnfour. 

Antoine  Ducher.  —  Edward  Pynaert,  Ernest 
Prince,  John  Sanl. 

Baroness  Rothschild. — Marie  Louise  Pemet. 

Baron  de  Bonstetten. — Jean  Liabaud. 

Beauty  of  Waltham. — John  Stuart  Mill,  Mas- 
terpiece. 

Catherine  Mermet  (Tea). — Jules  Finger. 

Charles  Lefelvre. — General  Yon  Moltke,  Glory 
of  Cheshunt,  Harrison  Weir,  Henry  Ben- 
nett, Jean  Soupert,  Mrae.  Anna  de  Beso- 
brasoff,  Mrs.  Harry  Turner,  President  Leon 
de  St.  Jean,  Rev.  W.  H.  Stomers,  Souvenir 
du  Dr.  Jamain,  W.  Wilson  Saunders. 

Cloth  of  Gold  (Noisette). — Isabella  Gray,  Mme. 
Miolan  Carvalho. 


SEED   PARENTS  OF   LEADIl^^G   ROSES.  147 

Comtesse  de  La  Barthe  (Tea). — Countess  Kiza 
du  Pare,  Mme.  Joseph  Schwartz. 

Countess  of  Oxford. — Dumnacus,  Mme.  Bruel. 

Devoniensis  (Tea).  —  Cornelia  Koch,  Madame 
Welche. 

Duoliess  of  Sutherland. — Elizabeth  Yigneron, 
Princess  M.  of  Cambridge,  Thyra  Hamme- 
rich. 

Duchess  of  Edinburgh  (Bengal  or  Tea).  —  Al- 
phonse  Karr. 

Duke  of  Edinburgh. — Doctor  Hooker,  Duke  of 
Teck,  Robert  Marnock,  S.  Reynolds  Hole, 
Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  The  Shah. 

General  Jacqueminot. — Alfred  Colomb,  Alfred 
de  Rougemont,  Andre  Leroy,  Baron  de 
Rothschild,  Camille  Bernardin,  Charles  Le- 
febvre,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Dupuy  Jamain, 
Gloire  de  Santhenay,  Horace  Yernet,  Le 
Rhone,  Leopold  Premier,  Maurice  Bernar- 
din, Oriflamme  de  St.  Louis,  Prince  Arthur, 
Richard  Smith,  Senateur  Yaisse,  Triomphe 
des  Beaux  Arts,  Xavier  Ohbo. 

Giant  of  Battles. — Abbe  Bramerel,  Arthur  de 
Sansal,  Cardinal  Patrizzi,  Empereur  de  Ma- 


148  THE  ROSE. 

roc,  Eugene  Appert,  Eveque  de  Nimes, 
Lord  Kaglan,  Louis  Chaix,  Mrs.  Standisli, 
Yainqueur  de  Solferino. 

Gloire  de  Dijon  (Tea). — Antonia  Decarli,  Beau- 
te  de  I'Europe,  Belle  Lyonnaise,  Gloire  de 
Bordeaux,  Jean  Lortliois,  Mme.  Berard, 
Mme.  Levet,  Mme.  Trifle,  Marie  Berton, 
Matliilde  Lenserts,  Miss  May  Paul,  Beine 
Maria  Pia,  Stephanie  et  Eodolplie. 

John  Hopper, — Ambrogio  Maggi. 

Jules  MargoUin. — Abel  Grand,  Achille  Gonod, 
Bertbe  Baron,  Boieldieu,  Charles  Margottin, 
Claude  Bernard,  Ducliess  of  Yallombrosa, 
Edward  Morren,  Egeria,  Emily  Laxton, 
John  Hopper,  Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Ma- 
dame Lacharme,  Marchioness  of  Exeter,  Mar- 
guerite de  St.  Amande,  Marquise  de  Morte- 
mart.  Monsieur  Neman,  Pseonia,  Peach 
Blossom,  Yiolette  Bouyer. 

La  Heine. — Anne  de  Diesbach,  Auguste  Mie, 
Frangois  Michelon,  Gloire  de  Vitry,  Louise 
Peyronny,  Marguerite  Dombrain,  Mere  de 
St.  Louis,  Beine  des  Blanches,  Heine  du 
Midi,  Souvenir  de  la  Keine  d'Angleterre, 
Ville  de  St.  Denis. 


SEED   PARENTS   OF   LEADING   EOSES.  149 

Lamarque  (Noisette). — Cloth  of  Gold,  La  Jon- 
quille  (Tea),  Le  Pactole,  Solfaterre,  Tri- 
omphe  de  Rennes. 

Lion  des  Coinhats. — A.  M.  Ampere. 

Louise  Odier  (Bourbon).  —  Catherine  Guillot, 
Comtesse  de  Barbantanne,  Modele  de  Per- 
fection. 

Madame  Boutin.  — Madame  Marthe  d'Halloy. 

Madame  Charles  Wood. — Guillaume  Gillemont. 

Madame  de  Tartas  (Tea). — Baron  Alexandre  de 
Yrints,  Marie  Van  Houtte. 

Madame  de  St.  Joseph  (Tea). — Hon.  George 
Bancroft  (Hj.  Tea). 

Madame  Falcot  (Tea). — Madame  Azelie  Imbert, 
Madame  Bernard,  Mile.  Blanche  Dur- 
schmidt. 

Madame  Julie  Daran. — Charles  Darwin. 

Madame  Laffay. — Marquise  A.  de  Mnrinais. 

Madame  I^ecamier.—EYiza  Boelle,  Madame  No- 
man. 

Madame  Victor  Yerdier. — Comte  de  Flandres, 
Mrs.  Laxton,  Souvenir  de  Spa. 

Madame  Vidot. — Princess  Lonise. 

Marguerite  de  St.  Amande. — Miss  Hassard. 

Marie  Rady. — Mrs.    Jowitt. 


150  THE   ROSE. 

Ophirie  (Noisette). — Duarte  d'Oliveira,  Ma  Ca- 
pucine,  Souvenir  de  Paul  Neyron. 

Paul  Neyrcm, — George  Moreau,  Ulrich  Brun- 
ner. 

President  (Tea). — Duchess  of  Conn  aught,  Duch- 
ess of  Westminster,  Duke  of  Connaught, 
Jean  Sisley,  Michael  Saunders,  Pearl,  Yis- 
countess  Falmouth.  These  are  all  Hybrids, 
raised  by  Bennett. 

Safrano  (Tea). — Madame  Charles,  Madame  Fal- 
cot,  Safrano  a  fleur  rouge. 

Senateur  Yaisse. — Anicet  Bourgeois,  Madame 
Adelaide  Cote. 

Solfaterre  (Noisette).  —  America,  Caroline 
Schmitt. 

Souvenir  de  la  Reine  d'' Angleterre.  — MdUe. 
Emma  Hall,  Monsieur  Jules  Monges. 

Souvenir  de  la  Peine  des  Beiges,  —  Madame 
Crassy. 

Triomphe  des  Beaux  Arts. — Empress  of  India. 

Triomphe  de  V  Exposition. — General  Washing- 
ton, Marechal  Forey, President  Mas,  Madame 
Jules  Grevy. 

Victor  Yerdier. — Andre  Dunand,  Captain  Chris- 
ty, Charles  Yerdier,  Countess  of  Oxford, 


SEED   PARENTS   OF  LEADING   ROSES.  151 

Etienne  Levet,  Helen  Paul,  Hippolyte  Ja- 
main,  Julius  Finger,  Madame  Devert,  Ma- 
dame George  Schwartz,  Madame  Marie 
Bianchi,  Mademoiselle  Eugenie  Yerdier, 
Mademoiselle  Marie  Cointet,  Marie  Finger, 
Maxime  de  la  Eoclieterie,  Mrs.  Baker,  Ox- 
onian, Paul  Nejron,  President  Thiers,  Sou- 
venir du  President  Porcher. 
Yellow  Tea. — Devoniensis. 


CHAPTER  XIY. 

PERMANENT  COLORS  —  TOO  -  MUCH  -  ALIKE 
ROSES.  HOW  TO  DISTINGUISH  BETWEEN 
SIMILAR  VARIETIES. 

Among  the  many  desirable  qualities  wliicli  we 
should  look  for  in  our  best  roses,  permanency  of 
color  is  not  the  least  important.  I  have  refer- 
ence more  particularly  to  the  Eemontant  or 
Hybrid  Perpetual  varieties  ;  but  my  remarks 
will  also  apply  to  the  other  classes,  though  per- 
haps in  less  degree.  It  has  no  doubt  often  been 
noticed  how  differently  the  various  varieties  of 
roses  will  impress  us  in  different  seasons  ;  that  is, 
a  kind  which  excites  our  highest  admiration  one 
year  may  more  or  less  disappoint  us  the  next. 
This  arises  from  various  causes,  but  chief  among 
them  is  the  variation  in  color  produced  by  differ- 
ent conditions  of  sunlight,  heat,  moisture,  etc. 
To  know  what  are  the  most  permanent  colors 
among  the  innumerable  varieties  found  in  the 
catalogues  becomes,  therefore,  a  matter  of  con- 


PEE3IANEKT   COLORS,  ETC.  153 

siderable  importance,  enabling  us  to  place  in  fa- 
vored situations  those  sorts  easily  affected  by  these 
several  conditions,  and,  if  necessary,  giving  posi- 
tions exposed  to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  to  those 
varieties  which  have  proved  best  able  to  endure 
them.  The  most  severe  ordeal  which  tries  the 
color  of  a  rose  is  an  excess  of  moisture  followed 
by  a  hot  sun.  Exposed  to  these  conditions 
many  of  our  choicest  sorts,  of  which  Charles 
Lefebvre  and  Countess  of  Oxford  are  notable 
examples,  lose  their  pristine  brilliancy  or  purity, 
and  become  lamentably  faded  and  sullied. 
Others,  like  Louis  Yan  Houtte  and  Marie  Bau- 
mann,  are  under  such  circumstances  much  less 
injured,  and  though  losing  some  of  their  origi- 
nal freshness  still  remain  exceedingly  attractive. 
Dark  roses  are,  as  a  rule,  the  first  to  fade  ;  their 
glory  passes  away  very  much  sooner  than  is  the 
case  with  the  rose-colored  varieties  and  those  of 
light  shades.  Among  the  crimson  sorts  we  have 
observed  none  which  retains  its  color  so  well  as 
Louis  Yan  Houtte  ;  this  quality,  combined  with 
fine  form,  fragrance,  and  freedom  of  bloom, 
places  it  at  the  head  of  all  crimson-maroon  roses. 
Yarieties   of  somewhat  lighter  shade  that  rank 


154  THE   KOSE. 

high  for  permanency  of  color  are,  General  Jac- 
queminot, Charles  Margottin,  Marie  Baumann, 
AKred  Colomb.  Among  tlie  shades  of  rose  that 
are  most  durable,  we  find  Marquise  de  Castellane, 
Rev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm,  Madame  Louis  Leveque, 
Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  Jules  Margottin. 

From  the  pink  sorts  we  choose  Eugenie  Yer- 
dier,  Egeria,  Monsieur  Noman,  Baroness  Roth- 
schild, Captain  Christy,  Countess  of  >  Serenye. 

Among  roses  that  fade  quickly  when  exposed 
to  the  adverse  influences  spoken  of,  are  found 
many  of  our  most  beautiful  varieties  ;  by  taking 
pains  to  place  these  in  the  most  favored  locations 
we  can  aid  in  retaining  the  natural  shades,  and 
thus  greatly  enhance  the  value  of  each  kind.  All 
of  the  Yictor  Yerdier  type,  except  the  light  ones 
like  Eugenie  Yerdier  ;  all  of  the  Giant  of  Battles 
type,  all  of  the  Duke  of  Edinburgh  type,  all  of 
the  Charles  Lefebvre  family,  Dr.  Andry,  Gloire 
de  Ducher,  Madame  de  Ridder,  Andre  Dunand, 
Camille  Bernardin,  Jean  Cher  pin,  Madame  Na- 
chury,  Emilie  Hausburgh,  are  examples  of  beauti- 
ful but  non-permanent  colors. 

Synonymous,  or  too-much-alike  Roses. — A 
drawback  to  the  purchase  of  new  varieties  is  the 


PERMANE2JT  COLORS,  ETC.  155 

knowledge,  gained  from  past  experience,  that  a 
largo  number  of  those  sent  out  as  new  sorts  are 
not  sufficiently  distinct  from  known  varieties  to 
prove  of  any  value.  This  is  notably  the  case 
with  the  French  roses.  In  England,  more  care 
has  been  exercised  in  disseminating  new  kinds 
than  in  France,  and  in  ordering  English  roses  we 
can  do  so  with  some  confidence  that  they  will  at 
least  be  distinct.  Before  enlarging  our  already 
cumbersome  list  of  varieties,  we  think  it  of  great 
importance  to  thoroughly  sift  the  sorts  now  com- 
monly grown,  and  where  two  or  more  varieties 
bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  each  other  in  the 
appearance  of  the  flowers,  to  reject  the  inferior 
kinds.  As  roses  which  are  synonymous,  or  too 
iimch  alike,  as  regards  the  form  and  color  of  the 
flowers,  we  note  the  following  kinds  : 

Hybrid  Remontant. 

Alfred  Colomb  and  Wilhelm  Koelle. 
Anne  de  Diesbach  and  Gloire  de  Paris. 
Auguste  Mie,   Mme.   Eival,   and  Blanche  de 

Beaulieu. 
Baron  de  Bonstetten  and  Baron  Chaurand. 
Boieldieu  and  Mme.  Boll. 


156  THE   ROSE. 

Charles  Lefebvre  and  Marguerite  Brassac. 

Countess  Cecile  and  William  Griffith. 

Coquette  des  Blanches,  Baronne  de  Maynard, 
Louise  d'Arzens,  Mme.  A.  de  Rougemont, 
and  Perfection  des  Blanches. 

Egeria,  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge,  and 
Peach  Blossom. 

^Eugenie  Yerdier,  Marie  Finger,  and  Mme. 
Louis  Donadine. 

^E.  y.  Teas,  Senateur  Yaisse,  and  Frangois 
Fontaine. 

General  Jacqueminot,  La  Brillante,  Triomphe 
d' Amiens,  Triomphe  de  Beaute,  and  Rich- 
ard Smith. 

General  Washington  and  President  Lincoln. 

^Hippolyte  Jamain,  Etienne  Levet,  and  Presi- 
dent Tillers. 

La  Reine  and  Reine  du  Midi. 

La  Rosiere,  Prince  Camille,  Edouard  Dufour, 
and  Souvenir  d'Auguste  Riviere. 

Louise  Peyronny  and  Laelia. 

Lyonnaise,  Mme.  George  Schwartz,  and  Mile. 
F.  de  la  Forest. 

Madame  Boutin  and  Christine  Nilsson. 

Madame  Joly  and  Michael  Bonnet. 


PEKMAifENT    COLOHS,   ETC.  IJI 

Marechal  Yaillant,  Avocat  Duvivier,  and 
Pourpre  d' Orleans. 

*  Maurice  Bernardin,  Exposition  de  Brie,  Fer- 
dinand de  Lesseps,  and  Sir  Garnet  Wolseley, 
Madame  Koman  and  Mile.  Bonnaire. 

Mrs.  Standish,  Cardinal  Patrizzi,  and  Vain- 
queur  de  Solferino. 

Miss  Hassard,  Elizabeth  Yigneron,  Duchess  of 
Edinburgh,  and  Duchesse  de  Yallombrosa. 

Portland  Blanche  and  Blanche  Yibert. 

Souvenir  de  la  Keine  des  Beiges,  and  Prince 
Albert. 

Tea  Roses. 

Adam  and  President. 

Bon  Sil^ne  and  Goubault. 

Bougere  and  Clothilde. 

Carohne  and  Yictoria  Modeste. 

iilise  Sauvage  and  L'Enfant  Trouve. 

Gloire  de  Dijon,  Antonia  Decarli,  and  Mme. 

Levet. 
Le  Pactole,  Louise  de  Savoie,   and  Marechal 

Beauregard. 
*  Madame    Bravy,    Alba   Eosea,  and    Mme. 

Sertot. 


158  THE   KOSE. 

Madame   Francois  Janin  and   Mile.   Lazarine 

Poizeau. 
Madame    Joseph    Halphen,    Bella,    Isabella, 

Pauline  Plantier,  and  Arch- Duchess  Therese 

Isabelle. 
Madame  Maurin  and  Madame  Denis. 
Marie  Guillot  and  Triomplie  de  Milan. 
!N"arcisse  and  Enfant  de  Lyon. 
*  Niphetos  and  Mathilde. 
Perle  des  Jardins  and  Perle  de  Lyon. 
Safrano  and  Madame  Charles. 
Souvenir  d'un  Ami  and  Queen  Yictoria. 

Hybrid  CliJribing. 

Fortune's  Yellow  and  Beauty  of  Glazenwood. 

Bourbon. 

Apolline  and  Pierre  de  St.  Cyr. 

Catherine  Guillot  and  Michael  Bonnet. 

George  Peabody,  Comice  de  Tarn -et- Garonne, 
Dr.  Berthet,  Dr.  Lepretre,  Ferdinand 
Deppe,  General  Blanchard,  Geo.  Cuvier, 
Jupiter,  Omar  Pacha,  Proserpine,  and 
Souvenir  de  1' Exposition. 

Hermosa,  Armosa,  Mme.  Neumann,  and 
Setina. 


PERMANENT   COLORS,  ETC.  159 

Louise  Odier  and  Madame  de  Stella. 
*  Marechal  Villars  and  Belle  Isadore. 
Paul  Joseph  and  Charles  Martel. 
Phoenix  and  Yebles. 

Bengal. 

Agrippina,   Cramoisi-Superieur,  and  Eblouis- 

sante. 
Antheros,    Buret,   Louis  Philippe,   President 

d'Olbecque,  Prince  Eugene,  Purple  Crown, 

and  Triumphant. 

« 

Noisette. 

Champnej's  Pink  Cluster,  Belle  Mareeillaise, 

and  Miss  Glegg. 
Cloth  of  Gold  and  Chromatella. 
Eugene  PiroUe  and  Admiral  Eigney. 
Fellenberg  and  Beauty  of  Greenmount. 
Isabella  Gray  and  Jane  Hardy. 
Lamarque  and  Jeanne  d'Arc. 
Solfaterre  and  Augusta. 

Moss. 

William  Lobb  and  Duchesse  d'Ystrie. 
Gracilis,  Prolific,  and  Charles  Morel. 
Oscar  Le  Clerc  and  Madame  Bouton. 


160  THE   ROSE. 

Many  of  these  roses  are  identical  in  all  respects 
save  name  ;  the  others  are  certainly  too  much 
alike  to  be  grown,  even  in  the  largest  collec- 
tions ;  for  though  there  may  exist  some  consider- 
able difference  in  the  habit  of  growth  of  a  few  of 
those  coupled  together,  the  distinction  between 
the  flowers  is  exceedingly  slight,  such  as  can  be 
observed  by  experts  only.  I  have  in  every  case 
placed  first  the  variety  which  seems  on  the  whole 
the  most  worthy  of  being  retained  ;  in  a  few 
instances  I  have  found  it  difficult  to  make  a  deci- 
sion, this  is  where  an  asterisk  C^)  is  prefixed  to  the 
name.  In  all  these  cases  (*)  we  shall  make  fur- 
ther study  of  the  slight  differences  which  exist 
between  the  varieties  so  as  to  determine  the  best ; 
we  hope  to  have  the  aid  of  others  in  this  matter. 

How  TO  DISTINGUISH  Yakieties. — Old  rosa- 
rians  may  need  no  instruction  in  this  matter,  but 
we  believe  some  useful  hints  may  be  given  to 
amateurs  who  find  difficulty  in  ascertaining  the 
difference  which  exists  between  varieties  that  re- 
semble each  other.  The  chief  value  of  such 
knowledge  is  in  the  power  given  of  determining 
what  sorts  should  be  retained  as  the  best  of  their 
type,  and  what  rejected  as  similar  but  inferior  to 


PERMANENT   COLORS,  ETC.  161 

them.  The  flower  is  naturally  the  first  to  claim 
onr  attention  ;  observe  first  the  color,  second 
the  form,  degree  of  fulness,  and  size,  third  the 
fragrance.  Next,  examine  the  vigor  and  habit 
of  growth,  whether  the  shoots  are  upright  or 
spreading;  the  joints  between  leaf -stalks,  whether 
close  together  (short  joints),  or  widely  separated 
(long  joints)  ;  the  thorns,  whether  they  be  many 
or  few  in  number,  their  thickness,  length,  color, 
whether  straight  or  hooked  ;  the  leaf -stalks  and 
foliage,  whether  the  leaflets  be  five,  seven,  nine, 
or  eleven  in  number  ;  the  color  of  the  fohage 
and  bark,  sometimes  dark  green,  sometimes  pale, 
occasionally  brown  or  red  ;  further,  whether  the 
leaves  be  small  or  large,  round  or  long,  indented 
or  regular,  glaucous  and  smooth,  or  curled  and 
rough.  Then  also  we  have  to  consider  the  pro- 
ductiveness and  continuity  of  bloom,  and  the 
hardiness  of  the  plant.  A  year  ago  I  made  the 
discovery  of  a  fact  which  has  an  important  bear- 
ing in  this  matter.  The  majority  of  Hybrid 
Eemontant  Eoses  have  five  leaflets,  though  quite 
a  number  of  kinds  in  the  class  are  freely  fur- 
nished with  seven.  My  discovery  was  this  :  All 
Hybrid  Remontant  Roses  that  have  seven  leaflets 


1G2  THE   ROSE. 

are  liglit-colored  sorts,  rose-color,  pink,  etc. 
Excepting  A.  Geoffroj  St.  Hilaire  there  is  no 
Ted  or  crimson  Remontant  having  seven  leaflets  ; 
by  this  I  do  not  mean  that  a  leaf -stalk  of  a  red  or 
crimson  sort  is  never  furnished  with  more  than 
five  leaflets  ;  isolated  cases  can  be  observed 
where  seven  leaflets  are  found,  just  as  four  and 
five  leaved  clover-stalks  now  and  then  come  to 
notice. 

As  a  practical  illustration  of  our  comments  on 
how  to  distinguish  between  similar  varieties,  we 
invite  the  amateur  to  study  and  compare  Alfred 
Colomb,  Marie  Baumann,  and  Marie  Eady  ;  three 
of  our  best  roses,  sorts  which  have  many  qualities 
in  common,  so  much  so  that  the  inexperienced, 
when  first  observing  them  together,  might  pro- 
nounce them  the  same  rose.  But  the  expert  at 
once  sees  distinctive  traits  that  separate  one  from 
the  other,  he  notices  that  Alfred  Colomb  is  the 
darkest  in  shade  of  the  three,  that  it  has  a  more 
globular,  pointed  bud  and  flower  than  Marie 
Baumann  ;  that  the  wood  is  much  more  smooth 
than  the  others  ;  that  late  in  the  season  the  flow- 
ers have  more  substance  and  are  of  better  quality 
than  Marie  Baumann.     So,  early  in  the  year,  he 


PERMANENT  COLORS,  ETC.  163 

would  select  Marie  Baumann  or  Marie  Eadj  as 
in  a  degree  tlie  most  beautiful ;  the  former  more 
circular  and  symmetrical,  if  possible,  than  Alfred 
Colomb  ;  the  latter  with  more  substance,  and 
better  filled  out.  And,  so  continuing  the  exami- 
nation, it  is  found  that  these  roses  are  sufficiently 
distinct,  one  from  the  other,  both  in  flower  and 
habit,  to  make  the  presence  of  all  three  most  de- 
sirable in  all  choice  collections.  Now  take  up 
Maurice  Bernardin  and  its  near  relatives.  Yery 
close  and  minute  examinations  enable  us  to  de- 
tect variations  in  one  way  and  another,  but  these 
variations  are  so  slight  that  we  come  to  the  de- 
cision that  one  name  will  answer  for  all.  It 
takes  close  and  continued  observation  to  deter- 
mine which  is  most  worthy  of  retention.  The 
choice  in  this  case  certainly  lies  between  Maurice 
Bernardin  and  Ferdinand  de  Lesseps.  Sir  Gar- 
net "Wolseley  has  been  thought  a  trifle  fuller  and 
of  higher  finish  than  the  others,  but  it  is  less  pro- 
ductive and  more  tender.  A  study  of  the  other 
varieties  coupled  together  as  synonymous  or  too 
much  alike,  will  develop  similar  conclusions. 


CHAPTER  XY. 

TYPICAL  EOSES.  CHARACTERISTICS  WHICH 
ARE  COMMON  TO  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  IN 
DIFFERENT  CLASSES. 

To  know  the  peculiarities  which  pertain  to 
certain  families  of  Hybrid  Remontant  and  other 
roses,  would  be  advantageous  to  different  people 
in  many  ways.  There  are  some  types,  such  as 
La  Reine,  Jules  Margottin,  Yictor  Yerdier, 
and  Giant  of  Battles  families,  which  are  quite 
marked  in  tlieir  characteristics.  If  all  new  roses 
were  classified  or  described  as  being  of  such  and 
such  origin,  or  as  belonging  to  a  certain  class,  it 
would  be  of  great  value.  The  nurseryman  is 
unwilling,  with  some  exceptions,  to  undertake 
the  propagation  of  a  kind  which  will  not  root 
and  grow  freely  ;  he  also  desires  such  as  are  of 
healthy  habit  and  good  constitution,  in  addition 
to  excellence  in  color  and  form  of  flower.  The 
amateur,  perhaps,  would  not  knowingly  purchase 
a  variety  devoid  of  fragrance,  or  one  which  is 


TYPICAL   ROSES.  165 

not  a  free  autumnal  bloomer.  The  florist  would 
require  that  a  variety  should  be  of  steadfast 
color,  one  that  does  not  quickly  fade  ;  or  that  it 
should  be  useful  to  force,  yielding  flowers  in 
abundance,  etc.  If,  therefore,  new  roses  were 
described  as  belonging  to  the  La  Heine  or  Victor 
Yerdier  type,  we  should  have  some  very  impor- 
tant knowledge  of  their  qualities,  since  these  roses 
have  imparted  to  their  progeny  certain  distinct 
attributes  by  which  they  may  readily  be  distin- 
guished from  others.  A  consideration  of  the 
different  prominent  types  found  among  Hybrid 
Remontant  and  other  classes  of  roses  may  be 
studied  with  interest  and  profit. 

Baeonne  Prevost  Type. — The  year  1842 
ushered  in  to  rosarians  what  is  now  the  oldest 
type  of  roses  in  the  class,  viz.,  Baronne  Pre- 
vost. It  is  not  a  numerous  family,  and  is  also  of 
less  importance  to  us  than  many  of  the  others, 
but  we  can  well  imagine  what  pleasure  it  gave, 
in  years  gone  by,  to  the  rosarians  of  the  day. 
This  type  makes  long,  stout  shoots,  fortified  with 
red  thorns  of  unequal  length,  but  generally 
short  ;  foliage  rather  oval,  somewhat  crimpled  ; 
flowers  large,  or  very  large,  of  flat  shape,  very 


1C6  THE   KOSE. 

full,  fragrant,  of  some  shade  of  rose.  It  is  tLe 
most  hardy  type  we  have.  The  varieties  com- 
monly grown  are  Boieldieu,  Colonel  de  Eouge- 
mont,  Madame  Boll,  Oderic  Vital.  They  are 
all  free  bloomers  in  autumn. 

La  Reine  Type. — In  1844,  Laffay  introduced 
what  he  loyally  named  Rose  of  the  Queen  (Rose 
de  la  Reine).  This  variety  bore  royal  sway  for 
many  years  ;  it  not  only  still  sells  well  and  is  to 
be  considered  a  useful  rose,  but  it  should  also 
have  our  esteem  as  being  the  parent  of  a  most 
useful  family.  The  wood  is  light  green,  fur- 
nished with  occasional  thorns  ;  of  strong  growth; 
foliage  pale  green  and  crimpled.  Flowers  vari- 
ous shades  of  rose,  generally  of  semi-globular 
form,  large,  somewhat  fragrant  ;  free  in  the 
autumn  ;  quite  hardy,  enduring  more  cold  than 
any  of  the  other  families  except  Baronne  Prevost. 
The  leading  sorts  are  :  Anne  de  Diesbach, 
Antoine  Mouton,  Auguste  Mie,  Belle  Normande, 
Francois  Michelon,  Gloire  de  Yitry,  Lselia, 
Louise  Peyronny,  Madame  Alice  Dureau,  Mme. 
"Nachury,  Paul  E'eyron,  Reine  du  Midi,  Yille  de 
St.  Denis. 

Giant  or   Battles   Type. — The   founder  of 


TYPICAL    ROSES.  167 

this  family  was  introduced  by  Is"erard  in  1846, 
and  doubtless  has  Bourbon  blood  in  its  veins. 
The  colors  are  various  shadings  of  crimson,  very 
rich  and  effective  when  in  perfection,  but  very 
fleeting  ;  the  sun  soon  gives  them  a  muddy  hue. 
The  flowers  are  well  shaped,  but  small,  and  have 
slight  fragrance  ;  they  are  very  freely  produced 
in  the  spring  and  summer  months,  but,  as  a 
rule,  not  in  the  autumn.  The  shoots  are  of 
moderate  or  short  growth,  short  jointed,  erect, 
very  stiff,  and  covered  with  very  numerous  red- 
dish thorns.  The  foliage  is  of  histrous  dark 
green,  very  subject  to  mildew.  They  are  diffi- 
cult to  propagate  from  cuttings,  and  liable  to  in- 
jury from  frost.  The  leading  sorts  are  :  Arthur 
de  Sansal,  Cardinal  Patrizzi,  Crimson  Bedder, 
Empereur  de  Ma  roc,  Eugene  Appert,  Eveque  de 
Nimes,  Lord  Haglan,  Louis  Chaix,  Mrs.  Staud- 
ish,  Yainqueur  de  Solferino. 

General  Jacqueminot  Type. — In  1852,  the 
head  of  what  is  now  considered  the  most  valu- 
able type  made  his  bow  to  an  admiring  world  ; 
clad  in  rich  crimson  livery  he  still  commands  re- 
spect and  admiration,  and  marshalled  under  his 
generalship  is  the  army  of  dark  roses  which  so 


168  THE   ROSE. 

excites  and  pleases  our  senses  by  their  charms  and 
lovehness.  This  family  probably  originated 
from  the  old  Hybrid  China  Gloire  des  Roso- 
manes  ;  they  are  moderately  hardy,  bnt  less  so 
than  those  of  the  Baronne  Prevost,  Jnles  Mar- 
gottin  and  La  Reine  types.  The  flowers  are  in- 
variably shades  of  red  and  crimson,  generally 
highly  perfumed,  freely  produced  in  the  spring, 
but  varying  greatly  as  to  their  autumnal  bloom. 
As  a  family  they  are  much  more  shy  in  the 
autumn  than  any  of  the  others. 

The  shoots  are  of  vigorous  growth,  not  very 
thick,  generally  upright,  with  quite  numerous 
light  green  spines  ;  the  foliage  handsome,  rather 
pointed.  It  is  now  the  most  numerous  of  the 
families,  popular  taste  demanding  crimson  roses 
and  those  of  dark  shades.  Leading  varieties  of 
the  type  are  :  Beauty  of  "Waltham,  Camille  Ber- 
nardin,  Dupuy  Jamain,  Leopold  Premier,  Marie 
Baumann,  Marie  Rady,  Maurice  Bernardin, 
Pierre  l^otting.  Prince  Arthur.  There  are  also 
Charles  Lefebvre,  Alfred  Colomb,  Duke  of 
Edinburgh,  Prince  Camille,  and  Senateur 
Yaisse,  which  are  supposed  to  be  seedlings  of 
Jacqueminot,  but  they  cluster  about  them  other 


TYPICAL  KOSES.  16ft 

varieties  of  the  family,  and  are  worthy  of  sepa- 
rate mention  and  consideration. 

Victor  Yeedier  Type. — The  head  of  this 
family  originated  with  Lacharme,  of  Lyons,  and 
was  sent  out  by  him  in  1852.  It  is  doubtless 
from  one  of  the  La  Reine  type  crossed  with 
some  monthly  rose,  probably  a  Bourbon.  The 
descendants  are  very  numerous,  and  in  spite  of 
their  rather  tender  habits  form  a  valuable  group, 
being  the  most  free  flowering  of  them  all  ;  had 
they  but  fragrance  they  would  be  unrivalled  ; 
but,  alas  !  they  are  devoid  of  scent,  and  there- 
fore cannot  rank  as  high  as  the  others.  Fine 
feathers  alone  do  not  constitute  fine  birds,  and 
surely  fragrance  is  to  the  rose  what  song  is  to 
the  bird.  The  shoots  are  of  moderate  growth, 
stout,  upright,  nearly  smooth,  of  a  reddish  green, 
with  an  occasional  reddish  thorn  ;  the  foliage  is 
very  large,  of  a  deep  lustrous  green,  very  attrac- 
tive. The  flowers  are  large,  well  built  up  ; 
generally  shades  of  rose  and  pink  prevail.  It  is 
the  best  adapted  for  forcing  in  winter  of  all  the 
families. 

The  leading  varieties  grown  are  Andr6  Du- 
nand.  Captain  Christy,  Charles  Yerdier,  Countess 


170  THE    KOSE. 

of  Oxford,  Etienne  Levet,  Hippolyte  Jamain, 
Julius  Finger,  Mme.  Geo.  Schwartz,  Mme.  De- 
vert,  Mme.  Eugene  Chambeyran,  Mme.  Louis 
Donadine,  Mme.  Maxime  de  la  Rocheterie, 
Mile.  Eugenie  Yerdier,  Marie  Cointet,  Marie 
Finger,  Mrs.  Baker,  Oxonian  (somewhat  fra- 
grant). President  Thiers,  Pride  of  Waltham, 
Rosy  Morn,  Souvenir  du  President  Porcher. 

Jules  Makgottin  Type. — In  1853  Jules  Mar- 
gottin,  of  Bourg-la- Peine,  near  Paris,  sent  out 
a  fine  rose,  which  he  called  after  himself  ;  though 
he  has  been  raising  seedling  roses  ever  since, 
none  of  them  have  quite  come  up  to  this  in 
worth.  Wood,  light  green  ;  sharp,  red  thorns, 
somewhat  numerous  ;  shoots  rather  stout  and 
generally  of  vigorous  growth.  Crimpled  foliage. 
Flowers  of  large  size,  very  full,  somewhat  flat 
shape,  mostly  shades  of  rose  and  carmine,  almost 
without  perfume  ;  generally  free  in  the  autumn. 
They  are  very  hardy  ;  as  a  rule  difficult  of  prop- 
agation from  cuttings,  but  making  very  vigorous 
plants  when  budded. 

Abel  Grand,  Achille  Gonod,  Bessie  Johnson 
(quite  fragrant),  Claude  Bernard,  Countess  of 
Serenye,    Duchesse    de     Yallombrosa,    Edward 


TYPICAL   ROSES.  171 

Morren,  Egeria,  Emily  Laxton,  Jolin  Hopper, 
Magna  Charta,  Madame  Gabriel  Liiizet,  Madame 
Lacharme,  Madame  Louis  Leveque,  Mademoiselle 
Tlierese  Levet,  Marchioness  of  Exeter,  Margue- 
rite de  St.  Amand,  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Miss 
Ilassard  (scented).  Monsieur  Noman,  Pseonia, 
Peach  Blossom,  Princess  Mary  of  Cambridge, 
Eev.  J.  B.  M.  Camm  (very  sweet),  are  the  leading 

sorts. 

Secateur  Yaisse  Type.— Senateur  Yaisse  was 
introduced  in  1859.  In  this  family  we  find  what 
are  perhaps  the  most  perfectly  formed  flowers. 
The  varieties  are  of  moderate  growth,  with 
smoother  wood  than  most  dark  roses  ;  the  f  ohage, 
too,  is  more  round  and  of  a  deeper  green. 
Anicet  Bourgeois  (new),  E.  Y.  Teas,  Madame 
Adelaide  Cote  (new),  Madame  Yictor  Yerdier, 
and  Mrs.  Laxton  are  members  of  this  group. 

Chakles  Lefebvre  Type. — Lacharme  intro- 
duced Charles  Lefebvre  in  1861.  He  beheves  that 
it  is  the  result  of  a  cross  (I  infer  by  natural 
a^-encies")  between  Yictor  Yerdier  and  General 
Jacqueminot  ;  it  certainly  shows  many  of  the 
characteristics  of  these  two  sorts.  The  wood  and 
foliage  are  light  green  ;  occasionally  armed  with 


17)i  THE   ROSE. 

pale  red  thorns,  but  as  a  rule  the  wood  is  very 
smooth.  The  flowers  are  more  waving  in  out- 
line than  any  of  the  other  families  ;  the  habit  of 
growth  is  free,  intermediate  between  Yictor 
Yerdier  and  General  Jacqueminot.  Glory  of 
Cheshunt,  Harrison  Weir,  Henry  Bennett, 
Madame  Anna  de  Besobrasoff,  Marguerite  Bras- 
sac,  Paul  Jamain,  President  Leon  de  St.  Jean, 
and  W.  Wilson  Saunders  are  marked  members 
of  this  type.  Dr.  Andry,  Horace  Yernet,  Lord 
Macaulay,  Mrs.  Harry  Turner,  Rev.  W.  H. 
Stomers  and  Souvenir  du  Dr.  Jamain,  also  seem 
to  find  a  place  in  this  group. 

Pkince  Camille  Type. — In  1861  E.  Yerdier 
sent  out  Prince  Camille  de  Rohan.  In  this  type 
w^e  find  the  darkest,  most  velvety  roses.  It 
would  seem  as  though  this  family  must  have 
been  produced  by  the  blending  of  General  Jac- 
queminot with  Giant  of  Battles.  The  varieties 
are  of  vigorous  or  free  growth  ;  tlie  wood  is 
somewhat  darker,  the  spines  less  numerous,  tlie 
habit  more  spreading  than  in  those  of  the  Jac- 
queminot type.  None  of  them  bloom  freely  in 
the  autumn,  but  in  the  spring  their  wondrous 
rich  crimson  shades  gain  more  admirers  than  any 


TYPICAL   ROSES.  173 

others.  Baron  Chaurand,  Baron  de  Bonstetten, 
La  Rosiere,  Monsieur  Boncenne,  are  prominent 
members  of  tliis  family.  Abel  Carriere,  Jean 
Liabaiid,  Jean  Soupert,  and  Souvenir  d'Auguste 
Riviere  can  also  be  classed  with  these  ;  though 
the  J  show  more  of  the  Giant  of  Battles  character 
than  the  former,  and  might  therefore  not  inap- 
propriately be  placed  by  themselves. 

Alfred  Colomb  Type. — Alfred  Colomb,  sent 
out  in  1865,  has  a  somewhat  similar  habit  of 
growth  to  General  Jacqueminot,  but  the  thorns 
are  much  less  numerous,  and  with  a  more  yellow 
hue  ;  the  flowers  are  also  fuller  and  more  globu- 
lar, and  blossom  much  more  abundantly.  A.  K. 
Williams,  Madame  Alphonse  Lavallee,  and  YV'ii- 
helm  Koelle,  may  be  grouped  under  this  head. 

Duke  of  Edinbukgh  Type. — The  only  English 
rose  which  is  the  head  of  a  type  was  sent  out  by 
George  Paul  in  1868.  The  habit  of  growth  is 
much  like  that  of  Jacqueminot,  but  the  foliage 
is  generally  longer  and  larger.  The  flowers  are 
not  permanent  in  color,  burning  very  quickly  in 
the  sun,  and  are  very  sparsely  produced  in  the 
autumn.  It  is  a  very  beautiful  family  when 
grown  in  a  moist,   cool  climate  ;  but  there  are 


174  THE   ROSE. 

few  of  the  members  tliat  will  do  well  nndci 
our  hot  sun.  The  varieties  best  known,  mostly 
of  recent  origin,  are  :  Brightness  of  Cheshunt, 
Dr.  Hooker,  Duke  of  Connaught,  Duke  of  Teck, 
Eobert  Marnock,  S.  Reynolds  Hole,  Sultan  of 
Zanzibar,  The  Shah. 

All  of  the  types  described  above  belong  to  the 
Hybrid  Remontant  Class  of  Roses.  Among  the 
Hybrid  Noisettes  we  find  two  types,  the  first  is 
the— 

Mademoiselle  Bonnaire  Type. — The  flowers 
are  of  medium  size,  and  of  circular,  very  beauti- 
ful form.  The  growth  is  moderate,  or  dwarf. 
The  foliage  is  rather  small  and  somewhat  crim- 
pled ;  the  wood  light  green,  fortified  with 
numerous  small  spines.  Though  devoid  of  fra- 
grance, these  are  our  most  charming  white  roses; 
the  flowers  are  freely  produced  throughout  June 
and  the  summer  months.  The  varieties  belong- 
ing to  the  type  are  Eliza  Boelle,  Madame  No- 
man  and  Madame  Oswald  de  Kerchove. 

Madame  A.  de  Rougemont  Type. — The 
varieties  of  this  type  differ  greatly  from  those  of 
the  preceding.  The  habit  of  growth  is  free  or 
vigorous  ;  the    wood   is   smoother,    the   foliage 


TYPICAL   ROSES.  175 

more  oval  and  glaucous,  like  the  Bourbon  roses  ; 
tlie  flowers  are  even  more  freely  produced  than 
tliose  of  tlie  other  type,  but  are  inferior  to  them 
in  quality.  The  principal  sorts  are  :  Baronne  de 
Maynard,  Coquette  des  Alpes,  Coquette  des 
Blanches,  Madame  Auguste  Perrin,  Madame 
Frangois  Pittet,  Perfection  des  Blanches. 

Gloike  de  Dijon  Type. — The  head  of  this 
fannly  was  sent  out  in  1853,  and  is  the  variety 
from  which  most  of  the  Climbing  Teas  have 
sprung.  Young  plants  of  this  type  are  often 
difficult  to  start  after  being  rooted  from  cuttings, 
but  when  well  established  grow  luxuriantly.  The 
parentage  of  Gloire  de  Dijon  is  unknown,  but  1 
believe  it  must  have  originated  from  a  natural 
cross  between  some  Bourbon  and  Noisette  (Tea- 
scented)  Rose.  The  foliage  shows  much  of  the 
Bourbon  character  ;  the  flowers  are  of  globular 
form,  very  large  and  full.  Yarieties  belonging 
to  this  type  are  Antonia  Decarli,  Belle  Lyonnaise, 
Gloire  de  Bordeaux,  Jean  Lorthois,  Madame 
Berard,  Madame  Trifle,  Marie  Berton. 

These  types  are  about  all  that  are  really  dis- 
tinct ;  among  the  Hybrid  Teas  it  is  likely  that 
a  separation  into  groups  will  be  desirable  at  some 


176  THE   ROSE. 

time  in  the  future,  as  this  is  destined  to  be  an 
increasing  class ;  but  at  the  present  time  La 
France  represents  the  class  in  a  sufficiently  dis- 
tinct way.  The  Teas  niight  be  arranged  in 
family  groups,  but  this  is  a  task  which  I  shall 
not  attempt  until  some  other  time  ;  it  would  be 
a  division  less  useful  than  those  given. 


CHAPTEE  XYL 

RAISIITG  NEW  VARIETIES. 

New  Roses  occasionally  come  as  sports,  but 
the  only  metliod  depended  upon  for  their  pro- 
duction is  sowing  seed.  Eoses  of  the  past  have, 
for  the  most  part,  been  the  product  of  nature  un- 
aided by  the  hand  of  man.  The  common  prac- 
tice lias  been  to  gather  the  seed,  without  even 
keeping  the  varieties  separate,  and  to  sow  it  pro- 
miscuously. There  are  a  few  instances  recorded 
where  artificial  crossings  have  been  resorted  to, 
with  successful  results,  but  the  number  of  such 
operators  has  been  very  limited.  It  is  a  well- 
known  fact  that  most  fruits  and  flowers  seldom 
reproduce  themselves  with  exactness  from  seed  ; 
there  is  often  a  close  resemblance,  yet  some  di- 
vergence from  the  original.  Nature  is  constantly 
struggling  for  variation  ;  even  though  the  pistils 
receive  pollen  from  their  own  flower  alone,  this 
law  holds  good  ;  but  through  the  agencies  of 
wind,  insects,  etc.,  the  pollen  from  one  flower  is 
often  carried  to  the  pistils  of  another,  and  so 


178  THE   ROSE. 

natural  crossing  or  J  ybridization  takes  place. 
Thus,  by  simply  gathering  and  sowing  the  seeds 
of  one  variety,  like  General  Jacqueminot,  it  has 
been  possible  to  produce  a  large  number  of  dis- 
tinct kinds  of  great  value.  This,  as  stated  above, 
has  been  the  practice  up  to  the  present  time,  but 
it  is  a  practice  on  which  we  should  no  longer  ex- 
clusively depend  ;  on  the  contrary,  for  the  roses 
of  the  future  we  should  mainly  rely  on  artificial 
crossing  and  hybridization,  or,  in  other  words,  on 
manual  fecundation. 

Laffay,  who  raised  most  of  the  Hybrid  Ee- 
montants  of  value  that  were  sent  out  previous 
to  1850,  is  understood  to  have  produced  many, 
or  the  most,  of  them,  by  crossing  varieties  of  the 
Bourbon  Kose  with  the  old  crimson  Rose  du  Roi. 
Yibert,  Hardy,  and  some  other  of  the  French 
rosarians,  are  also  credited  with  having  produced 
many  of  their  most  beautiful  sorts  by  manual 
fertilization,  but  as  no  record  has  been  kept  of 
the  varieties  used  as  parents,  the  result  of  their 
work  is  of  no  use  to  the  hybridizer  of  the  present 
day  further  than  it  affords  proof  that  definite 
results  are  more  certain  from  artificial  than  from 
natural  crosses. 


RAISING  NEW  VARIETIES.  179 

Tlie  following  sorts  are  all  claimed  as  the 
result  of  artificial  crossing  ;  the  parentage  will 
be  found  in  the  catalogued  list  of  varieties  : 
America,  Baronne  de  Majnard,  Captain  Christy, 
Harrison  Weir,  John  Hopper,  Jules  Finger, 
Julius  Finger,  Maiie  Yan  Houtte,  Madame 
Lacharme,  Madame  Oswald  de  Kerchove, 
Madame  Welche,  Mrs.  Jowitt,  Mrs.  Harry 
Turner,  Paul  ISTeyron,  Princess  Mary  of  Cam- 
bridge, Heine  Marie  Henriette,  and  the  ten 
Hybrid  Teas  sent  out  by  Bennett. 

To  trace  out  the  peculiarities  of  these  kinds, 
learning  so  far  as  possible  what  influence  each 
parent  had  in  forming  the  qualities  of  the  oil 
spring,  would  be  an  interesting,  profitable  study. 
Thus,  examining  Paul  Neyron,  we  find  it  has  the 
smooth  wood,  glaucous  foliage,  fulness  of  flower, 
and  tendency  to  winter -kill  from  the  seed  par- 
ent, Victor  Yerdier.  The  vigor  of  growth  and 
size  of  flower  are  inherited  from  the  fructifying 
sort,  Anne  de  Diesbach.  In  this  example  it 
vnU.  be  seen  that  the  influence  of  the  parents  has 
been  nearly  equal  in  impressing  their  character- 
istics. In  other  examples  it  will  be  found  that 
the  influence  of  one  parent  has  been  far  greater 


180  THE   ROSE, 

than  tlie  other  ;  but  I  hold  it  as  an  axiom  that,  in 
the  case  of  any  rose  which  is  crossed  by  another 
variety,  the  progeny  will  surely  show  traits  per- 
taining to  both  parents.  Among  men  we  find 
great  divergencies  of  character  between  brothers 
and  sisters,  yet  it  is  observed  they  always  hold 
something  in  common  which  distinguishes  them, 
some  link  which  connects  one  with  another.  It 
is  believed  by  some  of  the  raisers  who  have  prac^ 
tised  hybridization,  or  crossing  of  roses,  that 
seedlings  of  greater  beauty  are  to  be  obtained 
simply  by  selecting  heps  from  naturally  fertilized 
flowers,  than  from  those  which  have  been  arti- 
ficially crossed  ;  that  there  are  very  many  types 
among  roses  which  are  all  beautiful  in  their  way, 
but  that  when  these  are  crossed,  the  varieties 
which  result  will  have  coarsely  formed  flowers, 
or  be  of  weak  constitution,  etc.  Such,  I  infer,  is 
the  belief  of  Messrs.  Laxton,  William  Paul,  and 
others  of  the  English  rosarians.  With  all  defer- 
ence to  these  gentlemen,  whose  experience  cer- 
tainly gives  weight  to  their  belief,  I  do  not  sub- 
scribe to  this  opinion.  I  cannot  but  believe  that 
we  are  even  more  certain  of  obtaining  flowers  of 
high  finish  from  artificial  than  we  are  from  nat- 


RAISING  NEW  VARIETIES.  181 

ural  fertilization,  if  we  will  but  pattern  after 
nature  and  carefully  study  the  laws  of  cause  and 
effect. 

Though  there  is  a  difference  of  opinion 
respecting  the  quahty  and  finish  of  the  roses 
likely  to  result  from  manual  f ecmidation,  all  prac- 
titioners admit  that  there  is  a  certainty  by  this 
method  of  obtaining  a  product  distinctive  in  char- 
acter, which  is  of  itself  a  sufficient  inducement 
to  encourage  our  best  efforts  in  this  line.  But 
the  truth  is,  so  few  crossed  roses  have  been 
raised,  compared  to  the  number  from  natural 
selection,  that  we  have  learned  very  little  about 
the  successes  and  failures  that  have  attended  the 
operators  in  this  field  of  study.  Yery  few  of 
those  who  have  engaged  in  this  work  have  given 
us  any  information  that  will  be  of  use  to  those 
who  wish  to  experiment.  It  seems  to  me,  the 
lack  of  finish  and  the  delicate  constitution,  averred 
to  belong  to  varieties  raised  from  artificial  crosses, 
come  from  bringing  together  roses  of  different 
types,  too  widely  separated  in  character  to  blend 
well.  I  believe  roses  belonging  to  the  same  type 
will  always  cross  with  good  results.  Those  who 
wish  to  practice  this  art  will  do  well,  therefore, 


182  THE   ROSE. 

to  begin  with  crossing  varieties  of  the  same 
family  ;  the  chapter  on  Typical  Roses,  which 
precedes  this,  should  be  carefully  perused  as 
bearing  on  this  point. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  profitable  for  ns 
to  consider  briefly  the  result  of  Mr.  Bennett's 
labors  in  the  hybridization  of  roses.  Mr.  Ben- 
nett fertihzed  the  flowers  of  various  Tea  Roses 
with  the  pollen  of  Hybrid  Remontants,  his 
productions  are  therefore  true  hybrids,  not 
crosses  merely,  and  they  are  classed  as  Hybrid 
Teas.  Ten  of  these  hybrids  have  been  raised 
by  Mr.  Bennett.  We  would  prefer  to  con- 
sider sorts  that  have  been  longer  in  cultivation, 
but  there  are  none  such.  As  a  i*ule,  the  Bennett 
Roses  lack  a  vigorous  and  liealthy  constitution  ; 
the  best  of  them,  for  out-door  culture,  is  Michael 
Saunders,  raised  from  President  fertilized  by 
Madame  Victor  Yerdier.  The  parents  of  this 
sort  have  comparatively  smooth  wood,  and  they 
are  not  so  widely  separated  in  character  as  to 
prevent  the  production  of  a  healthy  offspring. 
Beauty  of  Stapleford,  the  second  in  point  of 
general  usefulness,  resulted  from  crossing  Alba 
Rosea  by   Countess   of    Oxford,  both    smooth- 


RAISING   KEW   VARIETIES.  183 

wooded  kinds  again,  of  similar  vigor  of  growth. 
Two  objectionable  qualities  in  this  rose,  a  ten- 
dency to  fade  quickly  and  a  liability  to  mildew 
badly,  are  inherited  from  Countess  of  Oxford. 
Yet  these  are  both  roses  likely  to  be  esteemed 
generally  useful. 

From  Alba  Eosea  crossed  by  Edward  Morren 
came  Nancy  Lee,  an  exquisite  little  rose,  with 
lovely  buds,  but  in  habit  of  growth  so  dwarf  and 
delicate  that  our  commiseration  is  excited  along 
with  our  regard.  Duchess  of  Westminster  and 
Pearl  are  others  of  the  same  class,  which  are  the 
result  of  crossing  varieties  very  widely  separated 
in  habit  of  growth,  and  none  of  the  progeny 
have  constitutions  of  any  vigor.  In  Duke  of 
Connaught  we  have  the  offspring  of  President 
crossed  by  Louis  Yan  Houtte  ;  both  parents  are 
smooth- wooded  sorts,  but  no  nurseryman  can, 
by  ordinary  culture,  grow  from  cuttings  plants 
of  Louis  Yan  Houtte  that  will  be  salable  after 
one  season's  growth.  "With  such  a  parent  we 
cannot  wonder  that  the  propagation  of  good 
plants  of  Duke  of  Connaught  has  been  found  so 
tedious  and  discouraging  by  those  who  have  un- 
dertaken it.     I  understand  that  some  of  the  New 


184  THE   ROSE. 

Jersey  florists  are  growing  this  variety  with 
profit,  but  this  simply  shows  what  great  skill  can 
do,  and  does  not  prove  that  the  variety  mil  be 
generally  useful. 

Jean  Sisley  and  Hon.  George  Bancroft  are  two 
others  of  Bennett's  set  which  fade  very  quickly  ; 
besides  this  fault  the  former  sort  is  very  difficult 
to  open  and  we  condemn  it  as  utterly  worthless  ; 
the  latter  variety,  if  grown  so  that  the  original 
color  is  retained,  will  generally  give  satisfaction, 
though  many  more  malformed  blooms  are  pro- 
duced than  we  expect  to  see  in  a  variety  put 
down  as  desirable. 

Duchess  of  Connaught  shows  considerable  re- 
semblance to  La  France,  and  affords  evidence 
that  La  France  must  certainly  be  a  Hybrid  Tea. 
It  seems  to  me  that  the  Duchess  only  differs 
from  La  France  in  various  ways,  to  be  inferior 
to  it. 

]N'ow  these  Bennett  Eoses,  taken  as  a  whole, 
would  seem  to  strengthen  the  view  of  Messrs. 
William  Paul  and  Laxton,  unless  we  carefully 
consider  the  nature  of  the  crosses  that  were  made. 
From  what  has  been  shown  we  think  the  infer- 
ence may  naturally  be  drawn,  that  in  crossing 


EAISIXa   NEW   VARIETIES.  185 

roses  we  are  likely  to  obtain  satisfactory  results 
by  blending  varieties  which  have  several  charac- 
teristic features  in  common.  Thus,  varieties  of 
the  same  type  will  be  pretty  certain  to  effect  good 
crosses ;  as  General  Jacqueminot  with  Xavier 
Olibo,  Fisher  Holmes  with  Baronne  de  Bonstet- 
ten,  Madame  Victor  Yerdier  with  E.  Y.  Teas, 
etc.  By  hybridizing,  bringing  Teas  and  Hybrid 
Remontants  together,  we  are  much  less  sure  of 
obtaining  new  sorts  of  high  finish  and  robust 
constitution,  but  far  more  certain  of  procuring 
kinds  thoroughly  distinct.  The  operator  will 
then  do  well  to  bear  this  rule  in  mind  :  Crossing 
varieties  of  the  same  type  will  produce  seedlings 
of  the  hestform  and  finish  ;  Mending  soi^ts  of 
different  types  will  hring  forth  the  most  distinct 
hinds.  In  order  to  gain  knowledge,  it  is  well  to 
practice  both  these  extremes,  but  the  best  success 
will  probably  follow  where  a  mean  course  is  pur- 
sued. 

This  matter  of  cross  fertilization  of  roses  places 
before  us  a  vast  field  in  which  to  study  and  ex- 
periment ;  and  although  we  have  so  little  to  be 
drawn  from  the  past  which  may  guide  us,  the 
fact  of  its  being  largely  unexplored  seems  an  at- 


186  THE   EOSE. 

tractive  feature.  We  can  experience  sensations 
somewhat  similar  to  those  of  the  traveller  who 
penetrates  a  new  country,  for  though  he  may 
not  be  the  first  to  make  discoveries,  he  can  be 
among  the  first  to  chronicle  results  and  make  the 
discoveries  useful.  It  is  still  open  for  investi- 
gators to  learn  and  make  known  general  princi- 
ples, which  should  guide  us  in  raising  new  roses. 
It  wiU  be  a  gratification  for  me  to  know  that  I 
have  contributed,  in  some  measure  at  least,  to 
this  result. 

As  few  readers  are  likely  to  be  familiar  with 
the  mode  of  manual  fecundation,  I  will  briefly 
explain  my  practice.  The  work  is  much  the 
easiest  to  manage  under  glass,  for  the  reason 
that  insects  are  not  there  troublesome  and  we  do 
not  have  wind  and  rain  to  contend  with.  When- 
ever possible,  choose  a  clear  day,  and  operate  in 
the  morning,  so  that  the  flowers  can  be  exposed 
to  the  influence  of  the  sun  immediately  after 
they  have  been  fertilized.  The  flower  selected 
for  a  female  parent  should  have  the  stamens  care- 
fully removed  by  means  of  a  fine  pair  of  em- 
broidery scissors,  a  few  hours  before  the  pollen 
is  ripe.     Should  the  pollen  be  quite  ripe,  some  of 


RAISING   NEW  VARIETIES.  187 

it  is  likely  to  have  fallen  on  the  pistils  and  a 
perfect  cross  could  not  then  be  assured.     If,  on 
the  other  hand,  it  be  not  nearly  matured,  the  pis- 
tils are  not  in  proper  condition  to  be  fertilized. 
In  such  a  variety  as  General  Jacqueminot,  the 
stamens  should  be  removed  three  or  four  hours 
before  the  flower  would  expand.     The  petals  are 
then  to  be  gently  pulled  off,  and  the  stamens  cut 
away.     The  pollen  is  then  applied  to  the  pistils 
by  carrying  to  them  the  flower  of  the  fertilizing 
sort  and  gently  rubbing  them  with  the  stamens 
holding  the  pollen,  so  that  the  pistils  are  well 
covered.     If  preferred,  a  fine  camel's-hair  brush 
may  be  used  for  the  purpose  of  applying  the 
pollen.     The  pollen  must  be  quite  ripe  ;  if  it 
does  not  attach  itself  readily  to  the  brush  it  is 
not  yet  in  fit  condition  for  use.     Those  varieties 
which  are  not  very  double  will  give  more  pollen 
and  be  better  seed-bearers  than  the  very  full  ones. 
Kinds  like  Bon  Silene,  Safrano,  Fisher  Holmes, 
Jean  Cherpin,  etc.,  will  be  found  the  most  suit- 
able for  first  experiments.     If  the  operation  is 
carried  on  out  of  doors,  it  is  desirable  to  cover 
the  flowers  fertilized  with  tine  gauze,  to  prevent 
the  interference  of  insects.     The  insects  are  not 


188  THE   EOSE. 

apt  to  go  to  flowers  from  which  the  petals  have 
been  removed,  but  it  is  well  not  to  depend  on 
this.  The  heps  should  not  be  gathered  until 
fully  ripe,  say  after  the  first  frost  in  October  ; 
they  are  then  labelled  and  buried  in  pots  of  moist 
sand.  The  pots  must  be  covered  with  glass  or 
something  of  the  kind  to  keep  out  mice,  which  are 
very  fond  of  the  pods.  I  allow  the  pods  to  re- 
main in  the  sand  till  the  first  of  January,  they 
are  then  broken  open,  the  seed  taken  out,  and 
sown  in  boxes  or  pots.  The  seeds  commence 
coming  up  three  or  four  weeks  after  being  plant- 
ed. The  seedlings  appear  with  two  leaves  ;  so 
soon  as  they  make  a  second  growth  they  are 
pricked  out  by  a  knife  blade  and  planted  in 
small  pots.  They  are  very  subject  to  mildew, 
and  many  are  apt  to  pass  away  from  this  cause. 
In  May  they  can  be  transplanted  and  put  in  open 
ground,  in  rich,  well-drained  soil.  If  they  do 
well  they  can  be  left  there  over  winter,  of  course 
being  protected,  and  allowed  to  remain  for  test- 
ing. They  commence  to  flower  the  second  year, 
but  many  of  them  show  no  signs  of  bloom  until 
the  third  or  fourth  year.  Instead  of  planting 
them  out  in  open  ground,  some  or  all  can  remain 


EAlSIls^G   NEW    VAKIETIES.  189 

in  pots,  the  plants  being  shifted  from  time  to  time 
to  pots  of  a  larger  size.  One  is  apt  to  become 
very  impatient  waiting  for  the  seedlings  to 
flower  ;  tlie  result  can  be  hastened  by  taking 
buds  from  them  and  inserting  on  some  stock  of 
good  growth.  Many  of  the  seedlings  will  pro- 
duce flowers  quite  single  ;  these  plants  are  to  be 
at  once  rooted  out.  Now  and  then  we  may  find 
double  flowers  of  good  finish  ;  these  are  to  be 
compared  with  flowers  of  old  varieties,  which 
they  seem  most  to  resemble,  to  ascertain  whether 
they  are  distinct  sorts  or  only  inferior  imitations 
of  established  favorites.  It  will  often  require 
considerable  moral  courage  to  refrain  from  call- 
ing our  geese,  swans.  But  if  it  is  found,  and  ad- 
mitted by  general  consent,  that  we  have  origi- 
nated something  both  beautiful  and  distinct,  ah, 
what  pride  and  satisfaction  do  we  feel  !  Surely, 
there  can  be  no  more  pleasing  occupation  for 
those  who  love  and  grow  roses,  than  by  hybridiz- 
ing and  crossing  artificially  to  engage  in  the  art  of 
producing  new  varieties,  aye,  and  not  new  va- 
rieties only,  but  new  types  of  roses  now  un- 
known. ' '  This  is  an  art  which  does  mend  nature, 
change  it  rather  ;  but  the  art  itself  is  nature." 


APPENDIX. 

PUBLICATIONS   OTT  THE  EOSE. 

In  the  preface  to  this  book  I  stated  my  belief 
that  no  compilation  on  the  rose  could  ever  be 
considered  complete  and  final.  I  have  endeav- 
ored to  bring  before  those  interested  in  the  sub- 
ject many  points  of  interest  which  have  been 
ignored,  or  lightly  touched  upon,  by  authors  of 
kindred  works  ;  I  have  also  desired  to  present  all 
the  information  necessary  to  the  successful  culti- 
vation of  the  rose,  exemplified  in  different  ways. 
1  feel,  however,  that  it  is  but  just  to  my  readers, 
and  my  brethren  of  the  craft,  to  record  those 
publications  which  are  useful  compilations  on  this 
subject.  First  of  all,  and  above  all,  let  me  rec- 
ommend ^' A  Book  about  Koses,"  by  S.  Rey- 
nolds Hole  ;  Wm.  Blackwood  &  Sons,  publishers. 
This  book  of  322  pages  is  a  charming  compilation 
by  a  gifted  writer,  who,  though  in  one  sense  an 
amateur,  has  perhaps  done  more  to  further  the 
growing  of  beautiful  roses  than  any  other  man. 


PUBLICATIONS   ON  THE   ROSE.  191 

Kg  one  has  ever  written  on  floricultural  subjects 
so  lovingly,  so  attractively,  as  Canon  Hole  ;  he 
is  in  this  respect  above  and  beyond  all  writers, 
and  his  book  is  an  adviser  and  companion  that 
no  rosarian  can  afford  to  be  without. 

''  The  Rose  Garden"  is  a  large  volnme  of  256 
pages,  by  William  Paul,  Kent  &  Co.  pubKshers. 
This  is  a  book  prepared  with  care  and  contains 
much  of  interest  ;  perhaps  that  which  is  most 
valuable  is  the  chapter  on  hybridizing. 

'^  The  Amateur's  Eose  Book,"  by  Shirley 
Hibberd ;  Groombridge  &  Sons,  publishers ; 
^'  The  Rose  Amateur's  Guide,"  by  Thomas 
Rivers  ;  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  publishers, 
rank  next  in  merit.  ''  Roses  and  Rose  Cult- 
ure," by  William  Paul;  ''Cultural  Directions 
for  the  Rose, ' '  by  John  Cranston  ;  ' '  Roses  and 
their  Culture,"  by  W.  D.  Prior,  are  other  Eng- 
lish works  which  may  be  added  to  the  library  of 
any  one  interested  in  floricultural  matters. 

In  the  French  language  we  have  "  Les  Roses," 
by  Jamain  and  Forney,  a  work  made  expensive 
by  the  use  of  gilt  edges  and  colored  illustrations, 
we  regret  to  say  of  dreadful  character.  A  new 
work  in  German,  by  Thomas  Nietner,  was  pub- 


192  THE   ROSE. 

lislied  in  1880.  This  is  the  largest  book  on  the 
rose  that  I  know  of.  It  is  ilkistrated  with  106 
woodcuts  and  12  colored  plates.  The  author  de- 
scribes 5007  varieties  of  roses.  The  colored 
illustrations  are  very  beautiful,  on  the  whole, 
but  not  all  true  to  nature.  In  the  names  of 
varieties  the  author  often  mixes  the  English, 
French,  and  German  languages  very  grotesque- 
ly. There  are  many  typographical  and  other 
errors,  but  it  is  a  book  worth  having  if  one  is 
willing  to  pay  the  price,  which  is  of  necessity 
high. 

American  publications  on  the  rose  are  :  ' '  The 
Book  of  Eoses,"  by  Francis  Parkman  ;  ^'  Par- 
sons on  the  Rose,"  by  Samuel  B.  Parsons ; 
'^  Prince's  Manual  of  Roses,"  by  W.  R.  Prince, 
and  ^'  The  Rose  Manual,"  by  Robert  Buist.  I 
believe  the  last  two  named  are  out  of  print. 

Of  magazines  and  papers,  which  frequently 
contain  articles  on  the  rose  that  are  of  interest, 
there  are  many.  Those  which  give  the  most  at- 
tention to  the  subject  are  :  The  Gardener^ s 
Monthly^  published  by  Charles  H.  Marot,  814 
Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia.  Price  $2.10  per 
year.     The  American  Garden  (monthly),  pub- 


PUBLICATION'S  ON  THE   ROSE.  193 

lished  by  B.  K.  Bliss  &  Sons,  34  Barclay  Street, 
New  York.  Price  $1  per  year.  In  England 
there  are,  The  Gardener's  Chroydde^  published 
by  W.  Eichards,  41  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
London  ;  Journal  of  Hortictilture,  published  by 
E.  II.  May,  171  Fleet  Street,  London  ;  The 
Garden,  published  by  William  Robinson,  37 
Southampton  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London  ; 
The  Gardener^ s  Magazine,  published  by  Shirley 
Ilibberd,  4  Ave  Maria  Lane,  London.  All  of 
these  are  weekly  papers.  In  France  we  find  a 
monthly  magazine  entitled  Journal  des  Hoses, 
published  by  S.  Cochet,  a  Suisnes,  pres  Brie- 
Comte-Robert  (Seine-et-Marne),  France.  The 
last-named  periodical  is  the  only  one  devoted 
exclusively  to  the  rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES, 

DESCEIBING  ALL   SORTS   NOW    IIT  GENERAL 
CULTIVATION. 

A  REGISTER  of  this  nature  cannot  attain  abso- 
lute perfection,  but  I  bave  been  at  great  pains  to 
make  it  complete  and  accurate.  As  regards  tbe 
age  of  tbe  different  varieties  and  by  wbom  sent 
out,  1  have  obtained  mj  information  from  tbe 
raisers  themselves,  their  catalogues,  from  various 
horticultural  magazines  and  books,  mostly 
French,  and  from  a  few  amateurs,  who  have  in- 
terested themselves  in  the  subject.  Among  these 
are  Mons.  Jean  Sisley,  whose  monograph  of  the 
roses  raised  at  Lyons  lias  been  of  valuable  ser- 
vice. I  believe  this  will  be  found  much  the 
most  reliable  list  of  the  kind,  but  from  seeing  so 
many  inaccuracies  in  others  of  similar  character 
I  know  there  must  be  some  errors  in  this.  Any 
of  my  readers  who  may  discover  mistakes  or  mis- 
statements of  facts  will  greatly  oblige  by  com- 
municating Avith  me,  giving  the  autliority  which 
they  have.     In  the  descriptions,  the  more  popu- 


CATALOGUE   OF   YAKIETIES.  195 

lar  sorts  are  more  fully  treated  than  tliose  not  so 
well  known  ;  where  a  variety  is  described  as 
belonging  to  a  type,  a  lengthy  descrijjtion  is  ren- 
dered unnecessary  and  only  the  most  distinctive 
features  are  given.  A  familiarity  with  the  con- 
tents of  Chapter  XY.  will  therefore  be  a  great 
help  to  those  who  wish  to  gain  a  correct  impres- 
sion of  the  varieties  here  described. 

In  compiling  this  hst  the  following  method 
has  been  determined  on  as  the  best.  The  name 
of  the  variety  is  first  given  ;  then,  the  habit  of 
growth  ;  next,  in  ruled  column,  letters  which 
show  to  what  class  the  variety  belongs  ;  then, 
name  of  the  raiser,  and  year  when  the  rose  was 
sent  out ;  afterwards,  the  parentage,  if  known, 
or  type  to  which  the  sort  may  belong  ;  and,  lastly, 
the  description.  In  case  of  synonyms,  they  are 
placed  in  brackets  after  the  accepted  name.  This 
arrangement  has  been  determined  upon,  after 
much  careful  thought,  as  the  best  that  can  be 
made.  It  is  desirable  to  add  the  following,  as  an 
explanation  of  the  method  used  in  describing 
varieties  : 

Color — the  prevailing  shade  in  the  most  per- 
fect development  of  the  flower. 


196  THE   ROSE. 

Size — small,  from  one  to  two  inches  in  diame- 
ter ;  medium,  from  two  to  three  inches  in 
diameter  ;  large,  from  three  to  four  inches  in 
diameter ;  very  large,  above  four  inches  in 
diameter. 

Fulness — semi-double,  with  two  to  four  rows 
of  petals  ;  double,  having  more  than  four  rows 
of  petals,  but  the  seed  organs  are  shown  when 
the  flower  expands  ;  full,  in  which  the  expanded 
flowers  seldom  show  the  stamens. 

Form — cupped,  the  inner  petals  are  shorter 
than  the  outer  ones,  the  latter  stand  erect  and  are 
generally  incurved  ;  globular,  outer  petals  are 
concave,  often  with  convex  edges,  the  petals 
fold  richly  one  about  the  other ;  reflexed, 
numerous  petals,  generally  small,  rising  tier 
above  tier  to  the  centre  ;  flat,  the  surface  of  the 
flower  is  level  and  all  the  petals  are  exposed  to 
view — varieties  of  this  kind  are  very  full  and 
rarely  are  seed-bearers. 

Abbreviations  used,  describing  the  habit  of 
growth  : 

Yig.,  Vigorous. — Those  sorts  which  are  most 
luxuriant  in  growth. 

Free. — Yarieties  which  rank  next  in  order,  pro- 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES.  197 

ducing  shoots  somewhat  shorter  or  less  strong 
than  the  first. 

Mod.,  Moderate. —These  kinds  make  a  com- 
pact growth,  but  do  not  produce  long  shoots. 

Dwf.,  Dwarf. — These  are  the  most  delicate  or 
slow-growing  sorts.  Among  hardj  roses,  those 
marked  dwf.  should,  almost  invariably,  be  bud- 
ded. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  nearly  all  varieties  which 
have  in  them  shades  of  lilac,  violet,  or  purple 
are  very  fleeting  in  color. 

ABBKEVIATIONS,  DESCEIBING  THE  CLASSES  TO  WHICH 
THE  VARIETIES  BELONG. 

A. — Austrian. 

Ay. — Ayrshire. 

Bk. — Banksia. 

B. — Bourbon. 

B'lt.— Boursault. 

CI.  T.— Climbing  Tea. 

Dam.  — Damask. 

Ev. — Evergreen. 

Fr.— French. 

H.Ch.— Hybrid  China. 

H.CL— Hybrid  CHmbing. 


198 


THE   EOSE. 


H.N.— Hybrid  Noisette. 

H.R. — Hybrid  Eemontant. 

H.T.— Hybrid  Tea. 

Mic.  — Microphylla. 

M. — Moss. 

Mult.  — Multiflora. 

IST.— IsToisette. 

P.M. — Perpetual  Moss. 

Pol.  — Polyantha. 

P. — Prairie. 

Prov.  — Provence. 

S.— Scotch. 

T.— TeaKoses. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


I.  A.  Geoffroy-St.. 
Hilaire,  mod. 


2.  A.  M.  Ampere. 

3.  Abbe  Bramerel, 

mod. 

4.  Abb6   Girau- 
dier. 


Class. 


H.R.  E.  Verdier,  1S78.  Red,  with  a 
shade  of  crimson  ;  medium 
size,  full ;  fine,  circular  form, 
fragrant  and  free.  Seed  organs 
well  developed  ;  seven  leaflets 
are  common,  a  great  rarity 
among  dark  varieties  of  this 
class. 

H.R.  Liabaud,  1881.  Raised  from  Lion 
des  Combats. 

H.R.  Guillot  fils,  1871.  Raised  from 
Giant  of  Battles.  Crimson, 
shaaed  with  velvety  purple. 

H.R.  Levet,  1869.     Bright  rose. 


CATALOGUE   OF  VAKIETIES. 


199 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


5.  Abb6  Reynaud, 
vig. 

6.  Abel   Carriere, 
mod. 


7.  Abel  Grand 
mod.  or  free. 


8.  Achilla  Gonod, 
free. 

9.  Acidalie,  free. 

ID.  Adam,  mod. 

(Syn.  President}} 
II.  Admiral      Nel 

son,  vig. 


12.  Admiral      Rig- 

ney. 

13.  AdolpheBrong- 
niard,  mod. 

14.  Adrienne  Chris- 
tophle,  mod. 

15.  African   Black, 
mod. 

16.  A  g  r  i  p  p  1  n  a  , 
mod. 

{,Syn.  Cramoisi-Supd- 
rieur.) 


H.C. 
H.R. 


H.R. 

H.R. 

B. 

T. 
H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 

T. 

Fr. 

Beng. 


Guillot  fils,  1863.  Large,  car- 
mine-rose flowers,  not  full 
enough  ;  growth  very  rank. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Velvety  crim- 
son, with  fiery  centre  ;  large, 
full  flowers,  fragrant ;  short 
wood,  sharp  red  spines  ;  shows 
traces  of  Bourbon  blood.  A 
rose  of  better  form  and  finish 
than  most  of  the  very  dark 
sorts.     Shy  in  autumn. 

Damaizin,  1S65.  Jules  Margottin 
type.  Glossy  rose,  large  and 
full,  fragrant ;  unreliable  as  to 
form,  often  the  finest  in  au- 
tumn. 

Gonod,  1864.  Raised  ixom  Jules 
Margottin.     Rosy-carmine. 

Rousseau,  1837.  Blush,  often 
white  ;  fragrant, 

Adam,  1838.  Salmon-rose,  fra- 
grant ;  esteemed  for  forcing. 

Ducher,  1859.  Bright  crimson, 
double,  cupped  form  ;  very 
spiny,  straggling  growth ; 
shows  Bourbon  origin. 

See  Eugene  PiroUe. 

Margottin,   1868.     Carmine-red, 

full,  fragrant. 
Guillot  fils,  1S68.      Apricot-yel- 

low. 
Dark  crimson.     Not  valuable. 

Introduced  to  England  from  Chi- 
na in  1789.  Rich  crimson,  spe- 
cially valued  for  its  fine  buds. 
A  useful  sort  for  bedding  out 
and  for  forcing.  The  best  of 
the  class. 


200 


THE  KOSB. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Gkowth 


17.  Aim6e    Vibert 
free. 


18.  Aimes      Vibt  r 
Scandens,   vig 


19. 

Alba  C  a  r  n  e  a, 
free. 

H.R 

20. 

Alba  Grandifio- 
ra,  vig. 

Bk. 

21. 

AlbaMatabilis, 
free. 

H.R 

22. 

Alba   Rosea, 
free. 

T. 

23. 

Alexandre  Du- 
titre. 

H.R 

24. 

Alexandre  Fon- 
taine, vig. 

H.R 

25- 

Alexandri  n  e 
B  a  c  h  m  e  tieflf, 
mod. 

H.R 

26. 

Alfred  Colomb, 
free. 

H.R. 

Vibert,  1828,  Raised  from  Sent- 
p  rvirens  Plena.  Pure  white, 
small,  double  flowers,  pro- 
duced in  large  clusters  ;  seven 
leaflets  ;  nearly  hardy. 

Curtis,  1841.  A  sport  from  the 
above;  identical  with  the  old 
kind, except  that  it  is  of  strong- 
er growth.  These  pretty  sorts 
are  both  diflicult  to  propagate 
from  cutt'ngs. 

Touvais,  1867.  White,  tinted 
with  rose  ;  foliage  dark  ;  seven 
leaflets  are  common. 

Very  small,  full  flowers,  delicate- 
ly scented. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Pink,  some- 
times mottled,  medium  size, 
double.  Wood  armed  with 
dark-brown  thorns. 

Sarter,  1855.  See  Madame  Bravy. 

Leveque,  1878.     Bright  rose. 

Cherry-red  ;  mildews  easily  ;  shy 
bloomer. 

Margottin,  1852.  Cherry-red, ro- 
sette shape,  medium  size  ;  fo- 
liage dark  ;  wood  armed  with 
pale  red  thorns. 

Lacharme,  1865.  Raised  from 
General  Jacqueminot.  Carmine- 
crimson  ;  large,  or  very  large, 
full  ;  of  fine,  globular  form,  ex- 
tremely fragrant  ;  green  wood, 
with  occasional  pale  green 
thorns,  the  foliage  large  and 
handsome.  A  grand  rose  ;  the 
most  useful,  in  its  class,  for 
general  cultivation. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


201 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth, 


27.  Alfred  de  Dal 
mas,  free. 


28.  Alfred  de  Rou- 
gemont,  free. 


29.  Alfred  K.  Wil 
liams,  mod. 


30.  Alfred  Leveau. 

31.  Alice  Dureau. 

32.  Alice  Leroy, 
mod.  or  free. 

33.  Aline  S  i  si  ey  , 
mod. 

34.  Alpaide  de  Ro- 
talier,  free. 

35.  Alphonse     Da- 
maizin,  mod. 

36.  Alphonse  Karr. 

37.  Alphonse  Karr. 

38.  Alphonse  Karr, 
mod. 


39.  Alphonse  Mor- 
tlemans,  mod. 


P.M. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

M. 


T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 
B. 


T. 


Laffay,  1855.  Pink,  small  flow- 
ers, of  poor  quality;  the  wood 
is  very  thorny ;  straggling 
habit. 

Lacharrae,  1863.  Raised  from 
General Jacque77iinot.  Crimson, 
magenta,  very  large,  full,  well 
built,  fragrant  ;  rather  shy 
bloomer. 

Schwartz,  1877.  Magenta-red, 
shaded  with  crimson ;  large, 
full  flowers,  partly  imbricated. 
A  very  beautiful  rose  ;  but,  thus 
far,  not  constant  and  reliable. 

Vigneron,  1880.     Carmine-rose. 

Vigneron,  1867.  Rosy-lilac,  good 
globular  form. 

Trouillard,  1842.  Pink,  semi- 
double  ;  buds  are  not  mossy. 
Armed  with  very  red  spines. 

Guillot  fils,  1874.  Violet-rose, 
not  a  clear  shade  ;  a  fruity, 
pleasant  fragrance. 

Campy,  1863.     Rose-color. 

Damaizin,  1861.   Bright  crimson. 

Portemer,  1845.  Flesh  color, 
margined  with  carmine. 

Feuillet,  1855.  Bright  rose,  me- 
dium size,  full. 

Nabonnand,  1S78.  Raised  from 
Duchess  of  Edinbto-gh.  Rosy 
crimson.  Sent  out  as  a  Tea  ; 
but,  with  its  parent,  is  better 
placed  among  the  Bengals. 
There  is,  as  yet,  no  crimson 
Tea. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.  Lilac- 
rose. 


202 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


40.  Amabilis,  free. 

41.  Amadis,  vig. 
{Cfim'n   Boursaiilt.) 

42.  Amazone,  mod 


43.  AmbrogioMag 

gi- 

44.  Amelie  Hoste, 

45.  America,  vig. 


46.  American  Ban- 
ner, dwf. 


47.  Andre  Dunand. 
mod. 

48.  Andre  Le  roy, 
mod. 


49.  Anicet      Bour- 
geois. 


50.  Anna  Alexieflf, 
free. 


T. 

B'lt. 

T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

N. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


Touvais.  Flesh  color,  centre 
rose  ;  habit,  branching. 

LafFay,  1829.  Purplish  crimson  ; 
semi-double. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellow,  reverse 
of  petals  veined  with  rose  ; 
long,  well-formed  buds  ;  habit 
delicate. 

Pernet,  1879.  Rai?ed  from  John 
Hopper.     Bright  rose. 

Gonod,  1874.  Pink,  reverse  of 
petals  darker. 

C.  G.  Page,  1859.  (Sent  cut  by 
T.  G.  Ward,  of  Washington.) 
Raised  from  Solfaterre  X  Sa- 
frano.  Pale  yellow,  with  fawn 
centre ;  large,  full  flowers  ; 
more  shy  than  either  parent. 

G.  Cartwright,  1879.  (Sent  out 
by  Peter  Henderson.)  A  sport 
from  Bon  Silene.  Carmine, 
striped  with  white,  semi-dou- 
ble ;  the  flowers  and  foliage  are 
both  small.  Of  no  value  except 
as  a  curiosity. 

Schwartz,  1871.  Raised  from  Vic- 
tor Verdier.  Silvery  rose  ;  fades 
quickly  and  often  opens  badly. 

Trouillard,  1868.  (Sent  out  by 
Standish.)  Crimson,  with  a 
shade  of  violet  ;  an  attractive 
color,  but  very  transient  ;  oft- 
en ill-formed. 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.  Raised 
from  Senatetir  Vaisse  X  Ma- 
dame Victor  Verdier.  Cherry- 
red,  cupped  form. 

Margottin,  1858.  Rose  color, 
large,  full  flowers,  freely  pro- 
duced. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


203 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


Class, 


51.  Anna  Eliza, vig 

52.  Anna    OUivier, 
mod. 

53.  Anna  Maria, 
vig. 

54.  Anne  de  Dies- 
bach,  vig. 


55.  Anne  Mari  e 
Cote,  free. 

56.  Anne  Marie  de 
M  o  n  t  ravel, 
mod. 

57.  Annie  Laxton, 
mod. 

58.  Annie  Wood, 
mod.  or  dwf. 

59.  Antheros. 

60.  Antoine  Devert. 


61.  Antoine  Du- 
cher,  mod. 


62.  Antoine    Mou- 
ton,  vig. 


63.  Antoine      Qui 
hou. 


P. 

T. 

P. 

H.R. 


H.N. 
Pol. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


Williams.  Red,  tinged  with  li- 
lac    numerous  thorns, 

Ducher,  1872.  Buflf,  shaded  with 
rose. 

Feast,  1843.  Pale  pink  ;  very- 
few  thorns. 

Lacharme,  1858.  Raised  from 
La  Keine.  In  color,  the  most 
lovely  shade  of  carmine  ;  very 
large,  double  flowers,  fragrant; 
one  of  the  hardiest.  A  very- 
desirable  garden  rose. 

Guillot  fils,  1875.  White,  some- 
times tinged  with  pink. 

Rambaux  &'  Dubreuil,  1879. 
Very  small,  full,  white  flowers, 
somewhat  fragrant.  Resem- 
bles Paquerette. 

Laxton,  1869.  (Sent  out  by  Geo. 
Paul.)  Satiny  rose,  medium 
or  large  size,  very  full. 

E.  Verdier,  1866.  Bright  crim- 
son with  a  shade  of  vermil- 
ion ;  a  good  autumnal  rose. 

Lepage.  Flesh  color,  shaded 
with  yellow. 

Gonod,i8So.  White,  tinged  with 
pink,  reverse  of  petals  shaded 
salmon, 

Ducher,  1866.  Violet-red  ;  large, 
well  shaped  flowers,  fragrant  ; 
wood  very  thorny.  The  color 
is  very  fieeting. 

Levet,  1874.  Deep  rose,  tinged 
with  lilac,  not  unlike  Paul 
Neyron  ;  it  is  more  fragrant  and 
more  hardy,  but  in  color  and 
size  is  below  that  sort, 

E.  Verdier,  1879.  Brownish- 
crimson. 


204 


THE   KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


64.  Antoine      Ver- 
dier,  mod. 


65.  A  n  ton  ia  De- 
carli,  vig. 


66.  ApoUine,  vig. 


67.  A  rchduke 
Charles,  mod. 

68.  Archimede 
free. 


69.  Ardoise  de  Ly- 
on, vig. 

70.  Aristide       Du- 
puis,  vig. 

71.  Arthemise,free, 


72.  Arthur  de  San 
sal. 

73.  Augusta. 


H.R. 


Cl.T. 
B. 

Beng 
T. 

H.R. 
H.C. 
H.R. 


H.R. 

N. 


Jamain,  1871.  Rose  shaded  with 
lilac,  well  formed  buds,  no  per- 
fume; the  color  is  muddy.  This 
sort  would  not  improperly  be 
classed  among  the  Hybrid 
Teas,  as  it  resembles  them  in 
habit  as  well  as  in  continuity 
of  flowering. 

Levet,  1873.  Maybe  briefly  de- 
scribed as  an  inferior  Gbirede 
Dijon,  from  which  sort  it  was 
raised. 

V.  Verdier,  1S48.  Raised  from 
Pieri-e  de  St.  Cyr.  Rosy-pink  ; 
large,  cupped  flowers.  The 
most  useful  of  all  Bourbons 
for  open  air. 

LafFay.  Rosy-crimson,  variable 
in  color,  sometimes  deep  mar- 
bled rose. 

Robert,  1856.  Rosy-fawn,  the 
centre  darker  ;  ill-formed  flow- 
ers are  frequent.  A  good  rose 
wLea  in  perfection,  and  of  ex- 
cellent habit. 

Plantier,  1865.  (Sent  out  by  Da- 
maizin.)  Violet  rose,  a  poor 
color. 

Touvais,  1866.  Purnlis^i-rose,  a 
muddy  hue  ;  double  or  full, 
fragrant ;  of  no  value. 

Moreau-Robert,  1876.  Deep  rose 
color;  rather  small,  cup- 
shaped  flowers,  not  unlike 
ApoUine.  Only  wo.iiiy  of  a 
place  in  very  large  collec- 
tions. 

Cocbef,  1855.  Raised  from  Giant 
of  Battles.     Deep  crimson. 

See  Solfaitrre. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


205 


Name  of  Variety,  and 

Class. 

Habit  of  Growth. 

74. 

Auguste  Buch- 

ner. 

Auguste  M  i  e, 

H.R. 

L6veque,  1880.   Reddish  purple. 

75. 

H.R. 

LafFay,    1851.     Raised   from    La 

free. 

Reine.     Glossy  pink.     One  of 

{Madame  Rival) 

the  most  tender  of  this  type. 

76. 

Auguste    Neu- 

H.R. 

E.  Verdier,  1870.     Red,  shaded 

mann. 

with  violet. 

77- 

Auguste  Oger, 
mod. 

T. 

Oger,  1856.     Coppery-rose. 

78. 

Auguste   Rigo- 

H.R. 

Schwartz,     1871.         Cherry-red, 

tard. 

somewhat  like  Dupiiy  Jamain. 

79. 

Auguste       Va- 

T. 

Lacharme,   1853.     Coppery  yel- 

cher. 

low. 

8o. 

Auretti,  vig. 

H.C. 

Crimson  -  purple  ;  fades  very 
quickly. 

8i. 

Aureus. 

T. 

Ducher,  1873.    Coppery-yellow. 

82. 

Avocat     Duvi- 

H.R. 

Leveque,    1875.     See    Marechal 

vier. 

Vaillant. 

83. 

Baltimore 

P. 

Feast,  1843.    Pale  blush,  chang- 

Belle, vig. 

ing  to  white. 

84. 

Baron  Adolphe 

H.R. 

Lacharme,    1862.       Bright    red. 

de  Rothschild. 

shaded  with  crimson;  mildews 

free. 

easily. 

85. 

Baron  Alexan- 

T. 

Gonod,  1880.     Raised  from  Ma- 

dre de  Vrints. 

dame  de  Tartas.  Delicate 
rose. 

86. 

Baron  Chau- 

H.R. 

Liabaud,  I869.     See   Baron  de 

rand,  vig. 

Bonstetten. 

87. 

Baron  de  Bon- 

H.R. 

Liabaud,  1871.  Velvety  maroon. 

stetten,  vig. 

shaded  with  deep  crimson, 
somewhat  lighter  in  j-hade 
than  Prince  Camille,  and  raiher 
smaller  in  size,  but  with  a  lit- 
tle more  substance  ;  shy  in  au- 
tumn, but  a  grand  lose. 

88. 

Baron  Gonella, 

B. 

Guillot  pere,  1859.  Bronzed  rose, 

vig. 

well  formed,  flagrant  ;  non- 
autumnal. 

89. 

Baron     Hauss- 

H.R. 

E. Verdier,  1867.  Dark  red,large. 

mann,  free. 

well-built  flowers. 

206 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


90.   Baron     Taylor 
free. 


91.  Baron  de  Roth 
schild,  free. 

92.  Baroness  Roth 

schild,  mod. 
{Madame    de     Roth 
schild.) 


93- 


95. 


96. 


97. 


Baronne  de 
Maynard,  mod. 
or  free. 


94.  Baronne  de 
Frailly. 


Baronne  de 
Wassenaer, 
free. 

Baronne  Louise 
UxkuU,  free. 
Baronne    Pro- 
vost, vig. 


Class. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.N. 


H.R. 


M. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


Dougat,  1879.  A  sport  from 
John  Hopper.  Pink.  Only  dif- 
fers from  the  parent  in  shade  ; 
it  does  not  appear  to  be  con- 
stant. 

Guillot  fils,  1862.  Raised  from 
General  Jacqueminot.  Ama- 
ranth-red. 

Pernet,  1867.  Light  pink,  some- 
times shaded  with  rose  ;  large, 
or  very  large  ;  cupped  form, 
very  symmetrical,  with- 
out fragrance  ;  the  wood  is 
short  -  jointed,  thick,  light 
green,  armed  with  occasional 
light-green  thorns  ;  one  of  the 
hardiest,  but  does  n;  t  propa- 
gate from  cuttings.  A  very 
distinct,  beautiful  rose,  free 
blooming,  and  greatly  valued, 
both  as  an  exhibition  and  a 
garden  sort. 

Lacharme,  1865.  From  Blanche 
Lafitte  X  Sappho.  White,  edge 
of  petals  often  tinged  with 
pink  ;  small  size,  compact 
form. 

LiabauJ,  1S71.  Bright  red,  large, 
very  full;  often  does  not  open 
well. 

V.  Verdier,  1854.  Deep  rose  ; 
buds  pretty,  and  quite  well 
mossed. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Carmine-rose  ,■ 
large,  highly-scented   flowers. 

Desprez.  (Sentout  by  Cochet.in 
1842.)  Pure  rose  color,  very 
large,  very  full,  flat  form  ;  a 
free  bloomer,  fragrant,  very 
hardy.  The  shoots  are  stout 
and  stiflf. 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


207 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


9S.  Barthelemy  Le- 
vel, mod. 

99.  }i  e  a  u  t  6  d  e 
I'Europe,  vig. 

100.  Beauty  of  Gla 
zenvvood. 

loi.  Beauty  of 
Green  mount, 
vig. 

102.  Beauty  of  Sta- 
pleford,  mod. 


103.   Beauty  of 
Waltham,  free. 


104.  Belle    Ameri- 
cainc,  mod. 

105.  Belle    F  1  e  u  r 
d'Anjou,  mod 

106.  Belle   Lyon- 
naise,  vig. 


107.  Belle  Macon- 
naise,  free. 

108.  Belle  N  o  r- 
niatide,  free. 

log.  Bennett's 
Seedling,  vig 

no.  Benjamin 
Drouet,  free. 


Class. 


II.R. 
Cl.T. 

Ev. 

N. 

H.T. 


H.R. 


H.R. 

T. 
Cl.T. 

T. 
H.R. 

A. 
H.R. 


Levet,  1878.     Bright  rose. 

Gonod,  1881.  Gloire  de  Dijon 
type.  Deep  yellow ;  reverse 
of  petals  coppery  yellow. 

See  Fortune's  Yellow. 

Pentland,  1S54.      Rosy-red. 


Bennett,  1879.  Raised  fron;  Al- 
ba Rosea  X  Countess  of  Oxford. 
Red,  tinged  with  violet,  laige, 
well  formed,  prettily  shaped 
buds,  without  fragrance  ;  the 
color  is  not  pleasing,  too  soon 
becoming  muddy.  Very  sub- 
ject to  mildew. 

W.  Paul,  1862.  Rosy-rrimson, 
medium,  or  large  size,  fragruiii ; 
it  has  the  habit  of  throwing  out 
side-shoots  from  nearly  every 
eye.  This  is  still  a  sort  to 
commend. 

Daniel  Boll  (New  York),  1837. 
Deep  pink,  double,  small,  well 
formed. 

Touvais,  1872.  Silvery  -  rose, 
large  ;  rather  good. 

Levet,  1869.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijon.  Pale,  lemon-yellow  ; 
less  productive  than  the  par- 
ent.    A  tine  sort. 

Ducher,  1870.  Pale  salmgn- 
rose. 

Oger,  1S64.  A  sport  from  La 
Retnc.      Silver} -lose. 

Bennett.  Pure  white,  small, 
double. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Red,  shaded 
with  purple. 


208 


THE    ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


III.   Bernard      Pa 
lissey,  free. 


112.  Berthe  Baron 
free. 

113.  Bessie     John 
son,  mod. 

114.  Bignonia,mod. 

115.  Black  Prince, 
free. 


116.  Blanche  de 
Beaulieu,  free 

117.  Blanchefleur, 
free. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


Fr. 


118.  Blanche      La- 

B. 

fitte,  free. 

119.   Blanche  M  0- 

P.M. 

reau. 

120.  Blanch  e  Vi- 

Dam. 

bert. 

121.  Blairii  No.   2, 

H.Ch 

Vlg. 

122.  Boieldieu,  vig, 


H.R. 


Margottin,  1863.  Red,  medium 
size,  very  full,  fragrant  ;  often 
comes  ill  formed,  sometimes 
is  very  fine. 

Baron -Viellard,  1868.  Raised 
from  Jtiles  Ma^'gottin.  Deli- 
cate rose  color. 

Curtis,  1872.  A  sport  from  Abel 
Grand.    Blush,  highly  scented. 

Levet,  1872.     Red. 

1866.  Purchased  and  sent  out 
by  W.  Paul.  Dark  crimson  ; 
not  considered  a  reliable  sort, 
occasionally  it  is  very  fine. 

Margottin,  1851.  Deep  pink, 
large,  loose  flowers ;  rather 
tender. 

Vibert,  1846.  White,  tinged  with 
blush,  medium  size,  flat,  very 
full,  highly  scented.  One  of 
the  earliest  to  blossom  ;  the 
flowers  produced  in  great  pro- 
fusion. A  valuable  garden 
rose. 

Pradel,  1851.     Blush-white. 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.  White, 
claimed  to  be  a  true  remontant. 

Vibert,  1838.  See  Portland 
Blanche. 

Blair.  Pink,  large,  double  ; 
much  esteemed  in  England  as 
a  Pillar  rose.  We  do  not 
value  it  highly  for  this  climate. 

Gargon,  1877.  (Sent  out  by  Mar- 
gottin-fils.)  Belongs  to  Ba- 
ronne  Pvthost  type.  Cherry- 
red,  very  large  and  full,  flat 
form  ;  will  probably  supersede 
Madat?ie  Boll.  This  is  more 
productive,  has  slimmer  wood. 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


209 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


123.   Bon  Silene 
free. 
{Silene.) 


124.  Bougdre,  free.      T 


125.  BouledeNan 
teuil,  mod.  or 
free. 

126.  B  o  u  1  e  d  e 
Neige,  free. 

127.  Boule  d'  Or. 
dwf.  or  mod. 

128.  Bouquet  d'Or, 
vig. 

I2g.   Bouton    d'Or, 

mod. 
130.  Brennus,  vig. 


131.   Brightness    of 
Cheshunt. 


Fr. 

H.N. 

T. 

N. 

T. 

H.Ch. 

H.R. 


smaller  foliage,  stouter  thorns 
than  Madame  Boll.  The  lat- 
ter sort  has  five  leaflets  only, 
this  has  commonly  seven  ;  re- 
membering this,  it  is  easy  to 
distinguish  between  them. 

Hardy,  1839.  D(  ep  salmon- 
rose,  illumined  with  carmine, 
medium  size,  semi-double, 
highly  scented,  very  free  flow- 
ering. This  is  only  desirable 
in  the  bud  state ;  for  many 
years  it  has  been  a  leading 
kind  for  forcing;  the  English 
florists  have  not  yet  discover- 
ed its  value. 

[832.  Bronzed  pink,  large  and 
full,  thick  petals;  one  of  the 
hardiest.  An  old  variety,  yet 
one  of  the  most  desirable. 

Crimson-purple,  fades  easily  ; 
worthless. 

Lacharme,  1867.  White,  small, 
very  full  ;  does  not  root  from 
cuttings. 

Margottin,  i860.  Deep  j-ellow, 
large,  very  full ;  does  not  open 
well. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellow,  with  cop- 
pery centre,  large,  full. 

Guillot  fils,  18C6.  Orange  yel- 
low, medium  size. 

Laff"ay,  1830.  Deep  red,  shaded 
with  violet.  We  now  have  al- 
most the  same  shade  in  Ches- 
hunt Hybrid,  a  more  useful 
sort. 

G.  Paul.  1881.  Belongs  \o  Duke 
of  Edinburgh  type.  Vivid  red, 
medium  size. 


(, 


210 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


[32.  Cabbage. 
[33.  Camille     Ber- 

nardin,  free  or 

vig. 


134.  Camoens. 

135.  Canary,  dwf. 


[36.  Cannes  La  Co- 
quette, mod. 


137.   Captain  Chris- 
ty, mod.  or  dwf. 


138.  Captain   John 
Ingram,  free. 

139.  Captain      La 
mure,  mod. 

140.  Cardinal     Pa 
trizzi,  mod. 


H.R. 


H.T. 
T. 

H.T. 
H.T. 


M. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


141.  Carl     Coers 

vig.  I 

142.  Caroline, mod.      T. 


See  Centifolia. 

Gautreau,  1865.  Raised  from 
General  Jacqueminot.  Light 
crimson,  medium  size,  semi- 
cupped  form,  fragrant ;  does 
not  bloom  until  late  in  the 
season,  and  then  the  flowers 
fade  easil}'  ;  never  very  pro- 
ductive. 

Schwartz,  18S1.  Pale  rose,  base 
of  petals  yellow. 

Guillot  pere,  1852.  Canary  )  el- 
low,  beautiful  little  buds,  deli- 
cate habit. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Raised  from 
La  France.  Salmon,  with  a 
shade  of  red.  Much  behind 
the  parent  in  value. 

Lacharme,  1873.  Raised  from 
Victor  Verdier  X  Safrauo. 
Delicate  flesh  color,  deepen- 
ing in  shade  towards  the  cen- 
tre, medium  size,  sometimes 
large,  full  ;  the  foliage  when 
young  somewhat  resembles 
Mahonia  leaves.  Ill-shaped 
flowers  are  not  uncommon, 
but  it  is  a  most  lovely  sort 
when  in  perfection. 

Laffay,  1856.  Purple-crimson, 
color  non-permanent  ;  dark, 
small  foliage,  in  five  leaflets. 

Levet,  1S70.  Dark  red,  tinge  J 
with  violet. 

Trouillard,  1857.  Giant  of  Bat- 
tles type.  Crimson,  with  a 
tinge  of  purple. 

Granger,  1865.     Purple-red. 

Rosy-flesh,  dee])er  toward  cen- 
tre ;  prettily  formed  buds. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


211 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


143.   C  a  r  o  1  i  n  e 
Cook,  mod. 


144.   Caroline       de 
San  sal,  vig. 


145.  Caroline  Mar- 
niesse,  free. 

146.  Caroline 
Schmitt. 

147.  CatherineBell, 
free. 

148.  CatherineGuil- 
lot. 

149.  CatherineMer- 
met,  mod.  or 
free. 


150.  Catherine  Sou 
pert,  mod. 

151.  Celine,  dwf 

152.  Celine  Fores- 
tier,  vig. 


T. 


H.R. 


N. 

N. 

H.Cl. 

B. 
T. 


H.R. 

M. 

N. 


A.  Cook,  1871.  Raised  from 
Saftano.  Apricot  -  yellow, 
with  a  shade  of  rose  ;  not  a 
valuable  sort. 

Desprez,  1849.  (Sent  out  by 
Hippolyte  Jainain.)  Flesh 
color,  deepening  towards  the 
centre;  large,  lull  flo\\ers,  flat 
form,  often  indented  ;  subject 
to  mildew ;  vtry  haidy.  An 
unreliable  sort,  but  beautiful 
when  in  perfeciion  ;  generally 
it  is  of  better  quality  in  Sep- 
tember than  in  June. 

Roeser,  1848.  Creamy  white, 
small  and  full  :  seven  leaflets, 
nearly  liardy. 

Schmitt,  i88t.  Raised  from  Sol- 
faterre.  Salnun  yellow,  chang- 
ing to  pale  yellow. 

Bell  &  Son,  1877.  Rose  color, 
large,  loose  flowers  ;  very 
poor. 

Guillot  fils,  1861.  Raised  from 
Louise  Odier.     Rose  color. 

Guillot  fiis,  1869.  Flesh  color, 
with  the  same  silvery  lustre 
seen  in  La  France ;  large,  full, 
well  formed  ;  not  very  produc- 
tive, yet  not  a  shy  bloomer ; 
very  beautiful  in  the  bud  ; 
when  the  flowers  expand  they 
exhale  a  delightful  perfume. 
The  finest  of  all  the  Teas. 

Lacharme,  1879.  Rosy-peach; 
distinct. 

Robert,  1855      Ciimson-purple. 

Trouillard,  i860.  Pale  yellow, 
deepening  tov^^ard  the  centre; 
the  hardiest  of  the  Tea-scented 
section. 


^ 


212 


THE  r.osE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


153.  Cels-MuUifio- 
ra,  mod. 

154.  Cen  t  i  fol  ia, 
free.  {Cabbage 
or  Comma  n 
Provence.^ 

155.  C  e  n  t  i  f  ol  i  a 
Cristata,  free. 

156.  Centifolia  Ro- 
sea, mod. 


157,  Charles Baltet 

158.  Charles     Dar- 
win, free. 


Beng. 
Prov. 

Dam. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


159.   Charles      Du- 

H.R. 

val. 

160.  Charles    Fon- 

H.R. 

taine. 

161.  Charles   Getz, 

B. 

VIg. 

162.  Charles    Law- 

H.Ch 

son,  Vlg. 

163.   Charles       Le- 

H.R. 

febvre,  free. 

{Marguerite  Bras- 

sac.) 

Cels,  1838.      Flesh   color,    very 

free-blooming. 
Rose  color,  large,  full,  globular, 

fragrant.        A    very   desirable 

garden  variety. 

Vibert,  1827.  Large,  pink  flow- 
ers, not  crested,  fragrant  and 
good. 

Touvais,  1S63.  Bright  rose,  cir- 
cular, shell  form  ;  light  green 
wood,  with  numerous  red 
thorns  ;  foliage  crimpled. 

E.  Verdier,  1877.  Carmine-red, 
medium  size,  full,  fragrant. 

Laxton,  1879.  (Sent  out  by  G. 
Paul.)  Raised  from  Madame 
Julie  Daran.  Brownish  crim- 
son, with  a  shade  of  violet, 
very  beautiful  and  distinct ; 
mildews  easily. 

E.  Verdier,  1877.  Red,  medium 
size. 

Fontaine,  1868.  Crimson,  fra- 
grant. 

A.  Cook,  1S71.  Rosy-pink,  me- 
dium size,  full,  fragrant  ;  sliy 
in  autumn. 

1853.  Light  rose  color,  large, 
lull,  fragrant ;  5  leaflets  ;  use- 
ful for  pillars. 

Lacharme,  1861.  Claimed  to 
ha-^-e  been  raised  from  General 
Jacqueminot  X  Victor  Verdier. 
Reddish-crimson,  sometimes 
with  a  shade  of  purple,  very 
velvety  and  rich,  but  fading 
quickly  ;  large,  full,  thick  pet- 
als, bt;autiful!y  formed.  There 
are  a  few  thorns  of  light  red  ; 
the  wood   and   foliage   are    of 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


213 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


[64.   Charles    Mar- 
gottin,  mod. 


165.  Charles   Rou- 
illard. 

166.  Charles      Ro. 
volli,  free. 


[67.  Charles  Tur 
ner,  free. 


[68.  Charles     Ver- 
dier,  dwf. 


169.  Chen6d  o  1 1  e 
vig. 

170.  Cheshunt  Hy- 
brid, vig. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.Ch. 
H.T. 


light  reddish-green.    A  splen- 
did rose. 

Margottin,  1864.  A  seedling  of 
Jules  Margottin.  Fiery-red, 
shaded  with  crimson  ;  large, 
full  flowers  ;  retains  the  color 
well  ;  smooth,  reddish  wood, 
armed  with  occasional  red 
spines  ;  foliage  slightly  crim- 
pled.  An  excellent,  distinct 
rose,  quite  unlike  the  parent 
in  habit.  It  doubtless  comes 
from  a  natural  cross  of  some 
dark  sort  like  Charles  Lefebvre 
on  JuLs  Margottin. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Pale  rose, 
well  formed. 

Pernet,  1875.  Carmine-rose,  not 
unlike  Bon  Silene,  from  which 
variety,  so  far  as  our  observa- 
tion goes,  it  differs  only  in  be- 
ing inferior. 

Margottin,  1869.  Crimson-ver- 
milion, large,  full  flowers,  flat 
ioxva, xcsGxnbWngGeneral  Wash- 
ington ;  wood  armed  with  nu- 
merous dark  red  thorns.  A 
shy  bloomer. 

Guillot  pere,  1866.  A  seedling 
of  Victor  Verdier.  Pink,  with 
a  tinge  of  salmon  ;  globular, 
full  flowers ;  thorns  dark- 
red.  A  bad  one  to  open,  and 
fades  very  soon. 

Blight  red,  large,  double  ;  shoots 
very  spiny,  5  to  7  leaflets. 

G.  Paul,  1872.  Believed  to  be  a 
natural  cross  from  Madame  de 
Tartas  X  Prince  Camille  de 
Rohan,  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let ;    large,   full,   slightly  fra- 


214 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


171.  Christian 
Puttner,  dwf. 

172.  Christine  Nils- 
son,  free. 

173.  Claire  Carnot, 
vig. 

174.  Clara  Sylvain, 
mod. 

{Lady     Wa  rrender. ) 

175.  Claude   Be  r  - 
nard,  mod. 


176.  Claude  Levet. 

177.  CI  e  m  e  n  c  e 
Raoux,  vig. 


178.  Clement     Na- 
bonnand,  free. 

179.  Climbing  Cap- 
tain Christy. 


180.  Climbing  Bes- 
sie J  ohn  so  n, 
vig. 

181.  Climbing 
Charles  Lefeb- 
vre,  free. 

182.  Climbing 
Countess  of 
Oxford,  free. 


H.Ch. 
H.R. 

N. 

Beng. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


H.Cl. 

H.Cl. 
H.Cl. 
H.Cl. 


grant;  very  distinct.     A  good 

rose,  free  in   the  Spring,  but 

shy  in  autumn. 
Oger,   1861.     Deep  violet-rose  ; 

an  impure  shade. 
Leveque,  1867.     Rose  color.     In 

the  way  of  Madame  Boutin. 
Guillot  fills,    1873.     Pale  yellow, 

somewhat  in  the  way  of  Ce'Iiiie 

Forestier,  but  more  Iragrant. 
Madanie  Pcan.    White,  strongly 

infused  with  Tea  blood. 

Liabaud,  1878  Raised  from 
Jules  Alargottin.  Rose  color  ; 
Jittle  fragrance  ;  not  a  desira- 
ble sort. 

Levet,  1872.  Velvety-red,  fra- 
grant. 

Granger,  1868.  (Sent  out  by 
Charles  Lee.)  A  washed-out 
pink  ;  large,  fragrant  flowers, 
quartered  shape  ;  worthless. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Light  yellow, 
shaded  with  rosy-salmon  ;  not 
valuable. 

Ducher  &  Soeur,  18S1.  Flowers 
are  like  tlie  old  variety,  from 
which  it  is  a  sport,  but  the 
shoots  are  more  slender  and 
longer. 

G.  Paul,  1878.  A  sport  from 
Bessie  Johnson.  Like  the  par- 
ent, except  more  vigorous. 

Cranston.  1876.  Not  any  stronger 
in  growth  than  the  original. 

Smith,  1875.     Of  no  value. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


215 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


183.  Climbing 
Devonie n  si s, 
vig. 


184.  Climbing  Ed- 
ward Morren, 
vig. 

185.  C  1  i  m  b  i  ag 
Jules  Margot- 
tin,  vig. 


186.  Climbing 
MadameVictor 
Verdier. 

187.  Climbing 
Mademoiselle 
Eugenie  Ver- 
dier, free. 

188.  Climbing 
Victor  Verdier, 
free. 

189.  Cloih  of  Gold, 
vig. 

{Chfomatella.') 


190    Clothilde. 

191.  Clothilde  Rol- 
land. 

192.  Col.  de  Rouge 
mont,  mod. 


Cl.T. 


H.Cl 


H.Cl, 


H.Cl 
H.Cl 

H.Cl, 


T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


S.  J.  Pavitt,  1858.  (Sent  out  by 
Henry  Curtis.)  A  sport  from 
Devonie7isis.  This  seems  to 
us  as  productive  as  the  old 
sort,  and  its  extra  vigor  of 
growth  is  an  advantage. 

G.  Paul,  1879.  A  sport,  likely 
to  make  a  very  useful  pillar 
rose. 

Cranston,  1875.  A  sport  from 
Jules  Margottin.  Flowers  are 
the  same  as  in  the  old  sort, 
except  being  a  little  smaller, 
and  for  this  reason  it  is  finer 
in  the  bud  state.  The  best  of 
all  the  climbing  sports  ;  high- 
ly commended  as  a  useful  pil- 
lar rose. 

Cranston,  1877.     A  humbug. 


G.  Paul,  1877.  "  Light  rosy- 
salmon  ;  like  all  these  climb- 
ing sports  the  fiou'ers  become 
smaller,  and  are  produced 
more  freely  than  the  type." 

G.  Paul,  1871.  Flowers  some- 
what smaller  and  less  freely 
produced  than  in  the  old  sort. 

Coquereau,  1843.  Raised  from 
Lamarque.  Deep  yellow  cen- 
tre, with  sulphur  edges  ;  large, 
full  flowers.  A  grand  rose, 
but  difficult  to  grow  well. 

Rolland,  1S67.  Creamy-white, 
ce'ntre  rosy- salmon. 

Rolland,  1867.     Cherry-rose. 

Lachaime,  1853.  Of  the  Baronne 
Provost  type.     Light  rose. 


216 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 

Class. 

Habit  of  Gkowth. 

193.  Colonel  de 

H.R. 

Jamain,  1874.     Carmine-red. 

Sansal,  mod. 

ig4.  C  0  m  i  c  e    d  e 

B. 

Pradel,  1842.    Deep  red,  shaded 

Seine  et-Marne, 

with  violet. 

mod. 

195.  Cornice   d  e 

B. 

Pradel,   1852.        Carmine  -  red, 

T  a  r  n  -  e  t  -  Ga- 

well formed. 

ronne,  mod. 

196.  Common  Moss 

M. 

Pale  rose,  very  beautiful  in  the 

free. 

bud.       Difficult  to   propagate 

{Old  Moss.) 

from  cuttings.  None  others 
in  the  class  except  Crested  and 
Gracilis,  can  rank  with  this  in 
quality. 

197.  Comte  A.    de 

H.R. 

Leveque,    1881.       Raised    from 

Germiny. 

Jules  Margottin.     Bright  rose. 

198.  Comte  d'Eu. 

B. 

Lacharme,  1844.  Raised  from 
Gloire  des  Rosoinanes.  Bright, 
rosy  crimson. 

199.  Comte    d  e 

H.R. 

Leveque,    1881.       Raised    from 

Flandres. 

Madame  Victor  Verdier.  "  Red- 
dish-purple, velvety,  illumin- 
ed with  carmine." 

200.  Comte  deGri- 

T. 

Levet,  1871.     Raised  from  Cana- 

vel. 

ry.     Pale  yellow. 

201.  Comte    d  e 

H.R. 

Margottin  fils,  1880.   Rose  color, 

Mor  t  ema  rt, 

very  fragrant ;    smooth,   pale- 

free. 

green  wood. 

202.  Comte  deNan- 

H.Ch. 

Quetier,  1852.    Light  rose,  large. 

teuii,  vig. 

full  flowers,  sometimes  with 
green  centre  ;  not  unlike  Che- 
n^dolle. 

203.  Comtede  Paris, 

T. 

Madame    Pean,    1844.        Flesh 

mod.  or  dwf. 

color,  large  flowers. 

204.  Comte  deSem- 

T. 

Madame  Ducher,  1874.    Salmon 

bui,  mod. 

and  rose,  the  base  of  petals 
coppery  yellow ;  large,  full 
flowers,  often  malformed.  A 
grand  rose  when  well  grown, 
but  too  unreliable. 

CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


217 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


205 


206, 


207 


C  o  m  t  e  d  e 
Thun  -  Hohen- 
siein. 

Comte  Taver 
na,  mod. 

Comtesse  Ce- 
cile  de  Chabril- 
lant,  mod. 


208.  Comtesse  de 
Barba  n  t  a  n  e  , 
free. 

209.  Comtesse  de 
Camondo. 

210.  Comtesse  de 
Caserta. 

211.  Comtesse 
Choiseuil. 

212.  Comtesse  de 
Labarthe,  free. 

213.  Comtesse  de 
Ludre. 

214.  Comtesse  de 
Murinais,  vig. 

215.  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,mod. 


216.  Comtesse  '  de 
Segur. 

217.  Comtesse     de 
Serenye,  mod. 


n.R. 


H.R. 


B. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 
M. 
T. 

Prov. 
H.R. 


Leveque,   1880. 
son. 


Reddish-crim- 


Ducher,  1871.     Pale  yellow. 

Marest,  1859.  Satiny-pink,  nev- 
er above  medium  size,  full, 
fragrant ;  of  perfect,  globular 
form  ;  numerous  dark  thorns 
of  small  size  ;  foliage  dark  and 
tough.     A  lovely  rose. 

Guillot  pere,  1858.  Raised  from 
Louise  Odier.  Blush,  shaded 
with  rose. 

Leveque,  1880.     Red,  shaded. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Coppery-red. 

Mottheau,    1878.      Cherry -red, 

shaded  with  crimson,  in   the 

style  of  Marie  Rady. 
Bernede,    1857.      Pink,  shaded 

with  carmine-rose  ;    pretty  in 

the  bud. 
E.  Verdier,  1879.     Carmine-red. 

Vibert,  1843.  White,  tinged  with 
flesh  ;  not  inclined  to  mildew. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Coppery-yel- 
low, illumined  with  carmine- 
rose  ;  large,  full,  distinct  and 
eflfective  ;  highly  esteemed. 

v.-  Verdier,  1848.     Buff-white. 

Lacharme,  1874.  Said  to  be 
raised  from  La  Reine,  but  it 
shows  more  of  the  Jules  Mar- 
gottin  characteristics.  Silvery- 
pink,  often  mottled  ;  a  full, 
finely  shaped,  globular  flower, 


J 


218 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


2i8.  Comtesse 
H  e  n  r  i  e  1 1  e 

Combes. 

219.  Comtesse  Na- 
thalie deKleist. 

220.  ComtesseRiza 
du  Pare,  free. 


221.  Comtesse  Ou- 
varoff,  free. 

222.  Constantin 
Tretiakoff. 

223.  Copper,  mod. 

224.  Coquette    des 
Alpes,  vig. 


225.  Coquette  des 
Blanches,  free 
or  vig. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


T. 
H.R. 

A. 
H.N. 


H.N. 


of  medium  size,  slightly  fra- 
grant ;  wood  light  green,  foli- 
age darker,  thorns  red,  seven 
leaflets.  Not  reliable  about 
opening,  but  a  very  free 
bloomer,  and  well  worthy  a 
place  in  a  small  collection. 
One  of  the  most  distinct ;  of 
great  beauty  when  grown  un- 
der glass. 
Schwartz,   1881.     Bright  satiny- 


Soupert  et  Notting,  1880.  Cop- 
pery-rose, reverse  of  petals 
lake. 

Schwartz,  1876.  Raised  from 
Com  tesse  de  Labarthe.  Bro  n  zed 
rose,  with  a  carmine  tint  ;  me- 
dium size,  moderately  full, 
highly  perfumed. 

Margottin,  1861.     Salmon-pink. 

Jamain,  1877.  Cherry-red,  large, 
double,  without  fragrance. 

Copper3'-red,ve'^y  striking  shade, 
semi-double. 

Lacharme,  1867.  Raised  from 
Blanche Lajittex  Sappho.  White, 
tinged  with  blush  ;  size,  me- 
dium to  large;  semi-cupped 
form,  the  wood  is  long-jointed. 
A  very  desirable  white  rose. 

Lacharme,  187 1.  Same  parent- 
age as  above.  White,  some- 
times tinged  with  blush  ;  of 
medium  size,  very  full,  some- 
what flat,  but  pretty  ;  growth 
bushy.  An  iinprovement  on 
Baronne  de  Maynard  and  Ma- 
dame Alfred  de  Koii^-mont: 


CATALOGUE    OF   TARIETIES. 


219 


Name  of  Variety,  anp 
Habit  of  Growth 


226.  Coquette      de 
Lyon,  mod. 

227.  Corn61ie  Koch, 
free. 

{Cornelia  Cook.) 


^ 


22S.  Countess      of 
H  ar ri  ngton 
free. 

229.  Countess     o  f 
Oxford,  mod. 


230.  Countess  of 
Roseberry, 
mod. 

231.  Couped'Hebe, 
vig. 

232.  Cramoisi  -  Su- 
perieur,  free. 
{Agrippina.) 

233.  Crested  Moss, 
free.  {Cristata, 
or  Crested  Pro- 
vence.) 


234.  Crimson  Bed- 
der,  dvvf. 

235.  CrimsonMoss, 
free. 


Fr. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.Ch 

Beng. 

M. 


H.R. 

M. 


Ducher,  1870.  Pale  yellow ; 
medium,  or  small  size  ;  pretty 
in  bud,  and  useful  for  bedding. 

A.  Koch,  1855.  Raised  from  De- 
voniensis.  White,  sometimes 
faintly  tinged  with  pale  yel- 
low ;  very  large,  full  ;  not  a 
free  bloomer.  This  is  quite 
apt  to  come  with  a  green  cen- 
tre, but  it  is  a  grand  rose  when 
well  grown,  excelling  all  other 
white  Teas. 

Cup  -  shaped,  white  flowers, 
double,  produced  in  abun- 
dance. 

Guillot  pere,  1869.  Raised  from 
Victor  Verdier.  Carmiuc-red, 
tinged  with  lilac,  fades  quick- 
ly;  flowers  very  large  and  full ; 
subject  to  mildew. 

R.  B  Postans,  1879.  (Sent  out 
by  Wm.  Paul  &  Son.)  Belongs 
to  the  Victor  Verdier  type. 
Cherry-red. 

Laifay.  Deep  pink,  medium,  or 
large  size,  cup-form  ;  seven 
leaflets.     A  fine,  distinct  sort. 

Plantier,  1834.  Rich,  velvety 
crimson,  double ;  fine  in  the 
bud.  A  good  bedding  variety. 

Discovered  on  the  wall  of  a  con- 
vent near  Fribourg,  and  sent 
out  by  Vibert,  1827.  Deep, 
pink-colored  buds,  surround- 
ed with  a  mossy  fringe  and 
crest ;  free  from  mildew.  A 
fragrant,  very  beautiful  rose. 

Cranston,  1874.  Belongs  to  Giant 
0/ Battles  iy^Q.     Crimson. 

Lee.  Crimson,  semi-double  ; 
poor. 


4 


220 


THE    ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


— -.   Crimson    Per- 
petual. 

236.  Crown  Prince, 

237.  David  Pradel 
mod. 

238.  Dean  ofWind- 
sor,  mod. 

239.  De  la  Griffer 
aie,  vig. 


240.  Delille,  mod. 


H.R. 

T. 

LH.R. 

Mult. 

P.M. 


241.  De  Luxem- 
bourg, mod.  or 
free. 

242.  DeMeaux.dwf. 

{Pompon?) 

M. 

M. 

243.   Desprez,  vig. 

N. 

244.  Deuil  de  Paul. 
Fontaine,  vig. 

M. 

245,  Devienne   La- 
my,  mod. 

246.  Devoniensis, 

mod.  or  free. 

H.R 
T. 

Class. 


247.  Diana. 


H.R. 


See  Rose  du  Roi. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1880.  Reddish- 
crimson,  tinged  with  purple. 

Pradel,  1851.  Lilac-rose,  large 
size. 

Turner,  1879.  Vermilion,  large, 
full  flowers. 

1846.  Lilac-rose.  This  variety 
makes  a  valuable  stock  on 
which  to  bud  strong-growing 
kinds. 

Robert,  1852.  Red,  tinged  with 
lilac,  flat  form,  fragrant,  not 
mossy.     Of  no  value. 

Hardy.    Crimson,  not  attractive. 


Found  growing  in  a  garden  at 
Taunton,  about  1825.  Pink 
color,  small,  full  flowers. 

Desprez,  1838.  Rose,  blended 
with  coppery  yellow,  highly 
scented. 

Fontaine,  1873.  Red,  shaded 
crimson,  large,  full  ;  not 
mossy  ;  worthless. 

Leveque,  iS63.  Carmine-red, 
well  formed  ;  a  good  sort. 

Foster,  1841.  (Sent  out  by  Lu- 
combe,  Pince  &  Co.  Raised 
from  Yellow  Tea.  Creamy^ 
white, centre  sometimes  tinged 
with  blush,  very  large,  almost 
full  ;  one  of  the  most  delight- 
fully scented.  Either  this  or 
the  climbing  variety  should 
be  in  every  collection  ;  though 
neither  is  very  productive. 

W.  Paul,  1874.     Deep  pink. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


221 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


248,  D  i  n  g  e  e-C  o 
nard,  mod. 

249.  Dr.   A  n  dry 
free. 


250.  Doctor  Arnal 
dwf. 


251.  DoctorBerthet 

252.  DoctorChalus 
free. 


253.  Doctor  Henon, 
dwf. 


254.  Doctor  Hogg, 
free. 

255.  Doctor  Hook- 
er, free. 

256.  Doctor   Kane, 
vig.  or  free. 

257.  Doctor   Marx, 
mod. 

258.  DoctorSewell, 


Class. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


E.  Verdier,  1875.  Violet-crim- 
son, illumined  with  red,  me- 
dium size,  compact. 

E.  Verdier,  1864,  Rosy-crimson, 
large,  semi-cupped  flowers, 
double,  sometimes  full,  fades 
badly ;  foliage  large  and 
glossy ;  wood  moderately 
smooth  ;  thorns  large  and  red. 
A  better  rose  in  England  than 
in  this  country. 

Roeser,  1848.  Red,  shaded  v;ith 
crimson  ;  medium  or  small 
size  ;  a  free  bloomer,  subject 
to  mildew. 

Pernet,  1878.  Pale  rose,  deeper 
in  centre. 

Touvais,  1871.  Vermilion,  shad- 
ed with  crimson  ;  large,  dou- 
ble or  full,  fragrant ;  a  good 
seed-bearer. 

Lille,  1855  White,  centre  shad- 
ed, medium  size,  full  ;  often 
malformed,  and  subject  to 
mildew.  Belongs  to  the  old 
Portland  group. 

Laxton,  1880.  (Sent  out  by 
George  Paul.)  Deep  violet- 
red,  medium  size. 

G.  Paul,  1876.  Raised  from 
Duke  of  Edinburgh.  Crimson, 
with  a  shade  of  velvety  purple. 

Pentland,  1856,  Sulphur-yellow, 
large,  fine  flowers  ;  difficult  to 
grow  well. 

Laffay,  1842.  Red,  tinged  with 
violet ;  a  bad  shade. 

Turner,  1879.  Bright  crimson, 
tinged  with  purple,  large,  full. 
A  good  rose. 


22-Z 


THE    KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


259.  Double  Mar- 
gined Hep, 
free. 

260.  Douglass,  free. 


261.   Duarte  d' OH- 
veira,  vig. 


262.  Ducd'Aumale, 
free.  {General 
Due  d'Aumale.) 

263.  Due  de  Cazes, 
free. 

264.  Due  de  Ma 
genta,  free. 

265.  Due  de  Mont 
pensier,  free. 

266.  Ducde  Rohan, 
free. 

267.  Ducher,  free. 

268.  Duchesse  de 
Cambac  e  r  es, 
vig. 

269.  Duchesse  de 
Caylus,  mod 

270.  Duchesse  de 
Chartres 

271.  Duchesse  d'ls 
trie,  mod. 

272.  Duchesse  de 
Morny,  vig. 

273.  Duchesse 
d  '  O  r  1  e  a  n  s  , 
free. 


Dam. 


Beng. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 
Beng. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
M. 
H.Ch 
H.R. 


White,  tinged  with  pink,  flat 
form,  full  ;  good. 

V.  Verdier,  1848.  Crimson,  me- 
dium size,  double,  fine  in  the 
bud.  A  valuable  variety  for 
house-culture. 

Brassac,  1S80.  Raised  from 
Ophirie  X  Reve  d"  Or.  Salmon- 
rose,  coppery  at  base,  medium 
size,  full. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Crimson  ;  a 
good  sort,  not  unlike  Maurice 
Bertiardin. 

Touvais,  i860.  Violet-crimson, 
not  a  pure  shade  ;  double ; 
numerous  stout  thorns. 

Margottin,  1859.  Flesh,  shaded 
with  fawn,  thick  petals,  full. 
A  large,  good  tea. 

Leveque,  1876.  Red,  shaded 
with  crimson  ;  a  good  sort. 

Leveque,  i  8  6  i .  Vermilion, 
large,  well  formed. 

Ducher,  1869.  Pure  white,  well 
formed. 

Fontaine,  1854.  Lilac  rose,  im- 
pure color ;  double. 

C.  Verdier,  1864.  Rosy-crimson, 

large,  double. 
E.  Verdier,  1875.     Bright  rose. 

Portemer,  1857.  Rose  color,  not 
valuable. 

E.  Verdier,  1863.  Bright  rose; 
erect  growth  ;  mildew. 

Ouetier,  1852.  Blush,  large,  full  ; 
often  opens  badly,  and  is  sub- 
ject to  mildew. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


223 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


274.  Duchesse  de 
Thuringe,  free. 

275.  Duchesse  de 
Vallombro  sa, 
mod. 

276.  Duchesse  de 
Vallombrosa. 

277.  Duchess  of 
Connaught, 
dwf. 


278.  Duchess  of 
Bedford,  mod. 


H.R. 

T. 
H.T. 


H.R. 


279.  Duchess   of  I  H.R. 
Edinburgh, 
mod. 


280.  Duchess  ofBeng. 
E  d  inburgh, 
mod. 


281.  Duchess  ofjH.R. 
Norfolk,  free. 


Guillot  pere,  1847.  White,  slight- 
ly tinged  with  lilac ;  a  free 
bloomer. 

Schwartz,  1875.  Raised  from 
Jtdes  Alargottin.  Pink,  gen- 
erally opens  badly  ;  not  valu- 
able. 

Nabonnand,  1879.  Coppery-red, 
distinct. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from 
President  X  Duchesse  de  Val- 
/omdrosa  (H.R.)  Silvery-rose; 
of  large,  globular  form  ;  full, 
highly  scented.  Resembles 
La  France,  but  the  flowers  are 
more  circular, the  foliage  larger 
and  better.  It  retains  its  glob- 
ular form,  the  petals  recurv- 
ing to  a  less  extent;  but  La 
France  is,  notwithstanding, 
much  the  better  sort. 

R.  B.  Postans,  1879.  (Sent  out 
by  W.  Paul  &  Son.)  Belongs  to 
the  Victor  Verdier  type.  Cherry- 
red  ;  not  very  promising. 

Dunand,  1874.  (Given  by  the 
raiser  to  Schwartz,  by  him  sold 
to  Henry  Bennett,  who  sent  it 
out.)  Belongs  to  Jules  Mar- 
gottin  type.  Pink,  not  valua- 
ble. 

Nabonnand,  1874.  (Sent  out  by 
Veitch).  Raised  from  Souvenir 
de  David d' Angers.  A  Bengal 
with  Tea  blood.  Crimson, 
turning  lighter  as  the  bud  ex- 
pands ;  of  good  size,  mode- 
rately full. 

Margottin,  1861.  (Sent  out  by 
Wood.)       Rosy-red,    medium 


224 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


282, 


2S3, 


Duchess  of 
Sutherland,vig. 

Duchess  of 
Westmins  te  r , 
mod.  or  dvvf. 


284.  Duke    of   Al- 
bany. 

285.  Duke  of  Con- 
naught,  mod. 


286.  Duke  of  Con- 
naught,  dvvf.  or 
mod. 


287.  Duke  of  Edin- 
burgh, vig. 


H.R. 
H.T. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


H.T. 


H.R. 


size,  cup-shaped  ;  a  shy  bloom- 
er, and  not  valuable. 

LafFay,  1840.  Rosy-pink,  large, 
full  ;  shy  in  autumn. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from 
President  X  Marquise  de  Cas- 
tellane.  Satiny-pink,  shaded 
with  rose,  sometimes  the  color 
is  carmine-rose  ;  large,  full 
flowers,  with  a  faint  Tea  odor. 
The  flowers  are  apt  to  be  irreg- 
ular and  not  of  good  finish,  the 
buds  are  generally  good.  Sub- 
ject to  mildew. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1882,   Crimson. 

G.  Paul,  1875.  Deep,  velvety- 
crimson,  wiih  a  fiery  flush  ;  me- 
dium size,  full,  well  formed  ; 
burns  badly,  very  shy  in  au- 
tumn. In  England  this  is  one 
of  the  finest  dark  roses  ;  we 
have  seen  it  in  grand  form  at 
the  raiser's,  but  it  has  no  val- 
ue for  out-door  culture  in  this 
country, 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from  Pres- 
ident X  Louis  Van  Houtte. 
Rosy-crimson,  large,  full,  well 
formed,  good  in  bud,  almost 
v/ithout  fragrance ;  the  buds 
do  not  always  open.  A  fine 
rose  when  well  grown,  but  it 
will  never  be  useful  for  ordi- 
nary cultivators. 

G.  Paul,  i863.  Raised  from 
General  Jacqueminot.  Bright 
crimson,  large,  double  flow- 
ers, little  fragrance  ;  foliage 
large  and  attractive.  Occa- 
sionally this  is  very  fine  early 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


225 


Name  of  Varibtv,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


288.  DukeofTeck 
vig. 


289.  Duke  of  Well, 
ington,  mod. 

290.  Dumnacus 
mod. 

291.  Dupetit  Thou- 
ars,  vig. 


292.  Dupuyjamain 
free. 


.  Du  Roi. 

293.  Earl    of    Bea- 
consfield,  <iwf. 

294.  Eclatante,  free 


295.  EdmundWood, 
mod. 


H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

B. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

M. 

H.R. 


in  the  season,  but  the  flowers 
lack  substance  and  durability 
of  color.  It  is  more  shy  in 
the  autumn  than  the  parent  ; 
not  to  be  coaimended  for  gen- 
eral culture. 

G.  Paul,  1880.  Raised  from 
Duke  of  Edinburgh.  Very 
bright  crimson  ;  not  well  test- 
ed in  this  country  ;  we  were 
much  pleased  with  it  as  seen 
at  Cheshunt. 

Granger,  1864.  Red,  shaded 
with  crimson. 

Moreau-Robert,  1880.  Raised 
from  Countess  of  Oxford.  Car- 
mine-red. 

Portemer,  1844.  Raised  from 
E7)iile  Courtier.  Deep  red, 
shaded  with  crimson  ;  hard}', 
non-autumnal. 

Jamain,  1S68.  Cherry-red,  with 
a  shade  of  crimson  ;  large, 
double,  well  formed,  fragrant ; 
a  good  seed-bearer.  Were 
this  more  full,  it  would  be  a 
rose  of  the  first  r^nk. 

See  Rose  du  Roi. 

Christy,  1880.  (Sent  out  by  G. 
Paul.)  Cherry-rose,  medium 
size,  beautiful  form. 

Cherry-rose,  buds  of  good  form, 
well  mossed  ;  darker  than  the 
Common  or  Prolific,  one  of  the 
best.  Why  this  rose  has  passed 
out  of  cultivation* we  do  not 
know  ;  there  are  but  three  ia 
the  class  as  good. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Red,  flower- 
ing in  corymijs  ;  short,  reddisli 
wood. 


226 


Til 


ilGoE. 


Ny\ME  OF  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


296.  Edward  An 
dre,  free. 

297,  Edward    Des- 
fosses,  free. 


298.  Edward    D  u  - 
four,  free. 

299.  Edward  Jesse, 
free, 

300.  Edward    Mor- 
ren,  vig. 


301.  Edward       Py- 
naert,  free. 


302.  Egeria,  dwf.  or 
mod. 


303.  Elie  Morel, 
mod. 


[mod. 

304.  Elise  Fl  o  ry. 

305.  Elise  Sauvage. 
dwf.  (JJ  enfant 
ttoiive. ) 


H.R. 
B. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


Beng. 
T. 


E.  Verdier,  1879.  Red,  tinged 
with  purple. 

Renard-Courtier,  1840.  Carmine- 
rose,  medium  size,  double,  or 
nearly  full,  fragrant.  An  ex- 
cellent rose. 

Leveque,  1877.  Raised  from 
Annie  Wood.  Crimson,  tinged 
with  purple. 

Deep  rose,  small,  double. 

Granger,  1868.  (Sent  out  by 
Charles  Lee.)  Raised  from 
Jules  Margottin.  Deep  cherry- 
rose,  large,  flat  flowers,  very 
full  ;  sometimes  comes  with  a 
green  centre.  A  fine  sort 
when  well  grown. 

Schwartz,  1877.  Raised  fiom 
An'oine  Due  her.  Red,  shaded 
with  crimson-purple,  a  bad 
color  ;  medium  or  small  size, 
fragrant. 

Schwartz,  1S78.  (Sent  out  by 
Bennett.)  Raised  from  fides 
Margottin.  Salmon-pink,  a 
very  lovely  shade ;  medium 
size,  full,  semi-globular;  not 
of  good  constitution.  For  ex- 
perienced cultivators  this  is  a 
superb  sort. 

Boucharlat,  1867.  (Sent  out  by 
Liabaud.)  Lilac-rose,  full,  fra- 
grant ;  green  wood,  with  occa- 
sional  red  spines  ;  the  charac- 
ter of  its  growth  is  not  pleas- 
ing.    Shy  in  autumn. 

Guillot  pere,  1852.   Shaded  rose. 

Miellez,  1818.  Orange-yellow, 
medium  size,  full. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


227 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


306.  Elise     Boelle, 
mod.  or  dwf. 


307.  Elizabeth  Vig- 
neron,  free. 


308,  Emile  C  ou  r 
tier,  free. 

309.  Emilia  Plan 
tier,  free. 


310.  EmilieHaus 
burgh,  free. 


311.  Emily  Laxton, 


312.  Empereur    de 
Maroc,  mod. 


313.  Empereur    de 
Bresil. 

314.  Empress  of  In- 
dia, free. 


H.N. 


H.R. 


H.N. 


H.Ch. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


Guillot  p6re,  1869.  White,  deli- 
cately tinged  with  pink,  me- 
dium size,  full,  beautiful  cir- 
cular form  ;  light  green  wood, 
armed  with  numerous  small 
spines.     A  lovely  rose. 

Vigneron,  1865.  (Sent  out  by  W. 
Paul.)  Raised  from  Duchess 
of  Sutherland.  Bright  pink, 
flagrant  ;  an  'wiio.xxoi  Miss  Has- 
sard. 

Portemer.  Bright  red,  a  good 
seed-bearer. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Yellowish-white, 
semi-double,  sometimes  dou- 
ble, ill  formed  ;  utterly  worth- 
less. 

Leveque,  1868.  Lilac-rose,  a 
muddy  shade  ;  large,  full,  glob- 
ular form,  fragrant.  Its  bad 
color  destroys  its  usefulness. 

Laxton,  1877.  (Sent  out  by  G, 
Paul.)  Belongs  to  Jules  Mar- 
gottin  type.  Cherry-rose,  good 
in  the  bud. 

Guinoiseau,  185S.  (Sent  out  by 
E.  Verdier.)  Belongs  to  Giant 
of  Battles  type.  Crimson, 
tinged  with  purple. 

Soupert  &  Notting,  1880.  Ma- 
genta-red. 

Laxton,  1876.  (Sent  out  by  G. 
Paul.)  Raised  from  Triomphe 
des  Beaux  Arts.  Brownish- 
crimson,  medium  size,  globu- 
lar, fragrant;  dark  green  foli- 
age, spines  light  colored. 
Many  of  the  buds  do  not  open 
well,  and  it  is  shy  in  the  au- 
tumn ;  a  splendid  sort  when 
perfect. 


228 


THE   KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


315.  Ernest  Prince. 

316.  Etienne      Du- 
puy,  vig. 


317.  Etienne  Levet, 
mod. 

318.  Etna,  mod. 

319.  E  t  o  il  e  d  e 
Lyon. 

320.  Eugene  Ap- 
pert,  dwf.  or 
mod. 


321.  Eugene  Beau 
harnais,  mod. 

322.  Eugenie  G  u  i  - 
noiseau,  mod. 

323.  Eugene  P  i- 
rolle,  vig.  {Ad- 
miral Rigney. ) 

324.  Eugenie  Ver- 
dier,  dwf. 


325.  Eveque    de 
Nimes,  mod 


326.  Exposition  de 
Brie. 

327.  Fabvier. 


H.R. 

M. 

T. 

H.R. 


Beng, 
M. 

N. 

H.R. 


H.R. 

H.R. 
Beng. 


Ducher  &  Soeur,  1881.  Raised 
from  Antoine  Ducher.  Red, 
shaded  in  centre. 

Levet,  1873.  Light  rose  color, 
medium  size,  cupped  shape  ; 
thick  shoots,  nearly  smooth  ; 
tough  foliage. 

Levet,  1871.  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier.  Carmine-red  ;  one 
of  the  finest  in  ihe  type. 

Laffay,  1S45.  Crimson,  tinged 
with  purple.  Not  of  first  rank. 

Guillot,  1881.  Deep  yellow;  a 
rival  for  Perle  des  Jardins. 

Trouiilard,  1859.  Belongs  to 
Giant  of  Battles  iypQ.  Velvety- 
maroon,  shaded  with  deep 
crimson.  A  rose  of  superb 
color,  but  with  all  the  family 
failings. 

Moreau,  1865,  Crimson  ;  a  good 
sort,  but  inferior  to  Agrippina. 

Guinoiseau,  1S65.  Red,  shaded 
with  violet  ;  very  subject  to 
mildew  ;  poor. 

Red,  tinged  with  crimson  ;  near- 
ly hardy  ;  not  of  high  quality. 

Guillot-fils,  1869.  Raised  from 
Victor  Verdier.  Silvery-pink, 
tinged  with  fawn  ;  a  lovely 
shade  ;  fine  in  the  bud.  One 
of  the  best  of  the  type. 

Damaizin,  1856.  Raised  from 
Giant  of  Battles.  Crimson,  il- 
lumined with  fiery  red  ;  very 
tender  and  delicate. 

Granger,  1865.  .  The  same  as 
Ma  117  ice  Bernardin. 

Laffay.  Rosy  -  crimson,  semi- 
double. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


229 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


328.  F61icien   D  a 
vid. 

329.  Felicite  Per 
p^tuelle,  vig. 

330.  Felix  Gen^ro. 

331.  Fellemberg, 
vig. 

332.  Ferdinand 
Chaffolte. 


333.  Ferdinand    de 
Lesseps,  free. 

334.  Firebrand, 
dwf. 


335.  FisherHolmes, 
free. 


336.  Flag  of  the 
Union. 


337.  Fla  vescen  s, 
mod.  {Yellow 
Tea.) 


H.R. 


H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


T. 


E.  Verdier,    1872.      Deep    rose, 

tinged  with  purple. 
Jacques,   1828.      Creamy-white, 
small,  full.     Must  be  sparing- 
ly pruned. 
Damaizin,  1866.     Violet-rose. 
Rosy  -  crimson.      Like    Eugene 

Pirolle. 
Pernet,  1879.     Reddish-crimson, 
not  well  formed,  without  fra- 
grance ;  does  not  seem  an  ad- 
dition of  merit. 
E.  Verdier,  1869.     See  Maurice 

Bernarditi. 
Labruyere,  1873.  (Sent  out  by 
W.  Paul.)  Crimson,  medium 
size,  double,  good,  circular 
form,  cup-shaped,  fragrant; 
shy  in  auiumn.  Not  unlike 
A  udr^  Leroy. 
E.  Verdier,  1865.  May  be  briefly 
described  as  an  improved  Gen- 
eral Jacqueminot ;  the  flowers 
are  fuller  and  more  freely  pro- 
duced. A  very  valuable  sort. 
Described  by  Hallock  &  Thorpe 
as  "a  sport  from  Bon  Silene, 
being  a  fac-simile  of  the  parent 
in  habit  of  growth  and  free- 
dom of  bloom  ;  the  flowers  are 
equal  in  size  to  Bon  Silene. 
The  markings  are  not  quite  so 
distinct  as  in  American  Ban- 
ner, i.e.  the  predominant  color 
is  rose  instead  of  white,  but 
each  flower  is  regularly  mark- 
ed ;  it  is  a  very  pleasing  va- 
riet}'." 
Introduced  from  China  about 
1824.  Light  yellow,  long,  fine 
buds,  fragrant.  This  has  been 


230 


THE   EOSE. 


Name  of  Varietv,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


338.  Flora    Nabon. 
nand,  mod. 

339.  Fon  t  e  n  el  1  e 
mod. 

340.  Font  e  n  e  1 1  e 

341.  Fortune!,  vig. 

342.  Fortune's  Dou 
ble  Yellow,  vig. 

343.  F  r  a  n  5  o  i  s 
Arago,  mod. 


344.    F  r  a  n  9  o  i  s 
Courtin,  free. 


345.    F  r  a  n  9  o  i  s 
Fontaine,  mod. 


346.     F  r  a  n  9  0  i  s 

H.R 

Gaulain. 

347.    F  r  a  n  9  0  i  s 

H.R 

Herincq. 

348.    F  r  a  n  9  0  i  s 

H.R 

Lacharme,  free. 

349.    F  r  a  n  9  0  i  s 

H.R 

Louvat. 

350.    F  r  a  n  9  0  i  s 

H.R 

Levet. 

351.    F  r  a  n  9  0  i  s 

H.R. 

Michelon,  free. 

T. 
M. 
H.R 
Bk. 
Bk. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 


the  parent  of  many  of  our  fin- 
est yellow  Teas. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Canary-yel- 
low, edged  with  rose. 

Vibert,  1849.  Rose  color,  not 
mossy ;  poor. 

Moreau-Robert,  1877.  Carmine- 
red. 

Introduced  by  Fortune,  from 
China,  in  1850.      Blush-white. 

Introduced  by  Fortune,  from 
China,  in  1845.  Bronzed  yel- 
low. 

Trouillard,  1859.  Belongs  to 
Giant  of  Battles  \.ype.  Velvety- 
maroon,  illumined  with  fiery 
red.     Resembles  Lord  Raglan. 

E.  Verdier,  1873.  Cherry-red, 
shaded  with  crimson,  semi- 
globular,  full,  somewhat  fra- 
grant ;  thorns  yellowish  red, 

C.  Fontaine,  1867.  Rosy-crim- 
son, fine,  globular  form,  in  the 
style  of  Senatetir  Vaisse. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Deep  purplish 
crimson. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Red,  globular 
form. 

V.  Verdier,  1861.  Rosy-car- 
mine, tinged  with  deep  violet- 
red. 

Violet-red,  globular  form. 

A.  Levet,  1880.  Cherry-rose, 
medium  size  ;  style  of  Paul 
Verdier. 

Levet,  1871.  Raised  from  La 
Reine.  Deep  rose,  tinged  with 
lilac,  very  large,  full,  of  fine, 
globular  form  ;  fragrant,  free- 
blooming.      The    wood     and 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


231' 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


352.  F  r  a  n  9  o  i  s 
Premier,  mod. 

353.  F  r  a  n  5  o  i  s 
Treyve. 

354.  Gabriel    Tour 
nier,  free. 

355.  Gaston  Le 
veque,    free    or 
mod. 

356.  Gem   of  the 
Prairies,     free 


—  General    Due 
d'Aumale. 

357.  General  J  a  c  • 
queminot,  vig. 

358,  General  J  a  c  - 
queminot,  vig. 


359.  General  Simp 
son,  free. 

360.  General     Tar- 
tas,  free. 


H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


H.Ch, 

H.R, 


H.R. 
T. 


foliage  are  light-green,  erect 
habit,  thorns  not  numerous, 
wood  long  jointed,  the  foliage 
pomewhat  crimpled.  A  very 
distinct  choice  sort ;  excel- 
ling in  June  and  July,  when 
other  kinds  are  past  their 
prime,  and  also  in  the  au- 
tumn. 

Trouillard,  1S58.  Red,  shaded 
with  crimson. 

Liabaud,  1866.  Fiery-red,  glob- 
ular form. 

Levet,  18/6.  In  habit  like  Pce- 
onia.  Rosy-red,  large,  glob- 
ular flowers,  free  in  autumn. 

Leveque,  1878.  Bright  rosy- 
crimson,  large,  fuil  ;  spines  of 
yellowish-green. 

A.Burgess.  1S65.  Believed  to  be 
from  Queen  of  the  PrairiesY,  Ma- 
dame Laffay.  Ros)'-red.  Oc- 
casionally blotci'.ed  with  white; 
large,  flat  flowers,  slightly  fra- 
grant. 

See  Due  d'Aumale. 

Laflfay,  1846.     Purple-crimson. 

Rouselet,  1853.  A  probable 
seedling  from  the  old  Hybrid 
China  Gloire  des  Rosomanes. 
Brilliant  crimson,  not  full,  but 
large  and  extremely  effective  ; 
fragrant,  and  of  excellent, 
hardy  habit. 

Ducher,  1855.  Cherry-rose,  me- 
dium size,  pretty  form  ;  erect 
growth,  tender. 

Bernede.  Deep,  mottled  rose, 
sometimes   tinged    with  buff; 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


361.  General     Von 
Moltke,  mod. 


362.  General  Wash- 
ington, mod. 


H.R. 


H.R, 


363.  Genie  deCha-   H.R. 
t  eau  b  r  i  and, 
free  or  mod. 

364.  George  Baker.  H.R. 


365.  George  Mo 
reau,  vig. 


366.  George   Pea 
body,  mod. 


367.  George  Prince, 
free  or  vig. 

368.  George    the 
Fourth,  vig. 

369.  George  Vibert, 
free. 


H.R. 


H.R. 
H.Ch, 
Prov. 


beautiful  buds,  good  habit. 
An  excellent  rose. 
Bell  &  Son,  1873.  Raised  from 
Charles  Lefebvre.  Same  style 
as  the  parent,  but  much  infe- 
rior to  it. 

Granger,  1861.  Raised  from 
7>  iomphe  de  I' Exposition.  Red , 
shaded  with  crimson,  large, 
very  full,  flat  form';  the  flow- 
ers are  often  malformed,  great- 
ly lessening  its  value.  A  pro- 
fuse bloomer,  and  when  in 
perfection,  a  very  fine  sort. 

Oudin.  Violet-rose,  very  large, 
full,  flat,  or  quartered  shape, 
A  bad-colored  rose. 

G.  Paul,  1881.  "Pure  lake, 
shaded  with  cerise,  almost 
mildew  proof  ;  in  the  way  of 
Dupuy  Jamain,  but  distinct." 

Moreau-Robert,  18S0.  Raised 
kom  Paul  Neyron.  Bright  red, 
shaded  with  vermilion,  very 
large,  full,  opening  well. 

J.  Pentland,  1857.  Probably 
ixom.  Paul  Joseph.  Rosy-crim- 
son, medium  or  small  size, 
full,  well  formed,  fragrant. 
One  of  the  best  Bourbong, 
highly  commended. 

E.  Verdier,  1864.  Rosy-crimson, 
quite  smooth  wood  ;  a  free 
blooming,  excellent  rose. 

Rivers.  Cr  mson,  semi-double 
or  double  ;  no  longer  of  any 
value. 

Robert,  1853.  Rosy -purple, 
striped  with  white,  medium 
size. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


233 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


370.  Gerard    D  e  s  - 
bois,  vig. 

371.  Giant   of  Bat 
ties,  dwf. 

{G/ant  des  Bat- 
tallies.) 


372.  Gigantesq  u  e  , 
free. 


373.  Gloire  de  Bor- 
deaux, vig. 

374.  Gloire  d  e 
B  o  u  r  g  -  1  a  - 
Reine,  mod. 

375-  Gloire  de 
Dijon,  vig. 


376.  Gloire  de  Du- 
cher,  vig. 

.  Gloire  de  Pa- 
ris. 

377.  Gloire  des  Ro- 
somanes,  free. 

37S.  Gloire  de  San- 


T. 
H.R. 


T. 


Cl.T. 


H.R. 


Cl.T. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


Bright  red,  of  good  form;  one  of 
the  hardiest  and  most  useful 
in  the  class. 

Nerard,  1846.  Sent  out  by  Guil- 
lot-pere.  Deep,  fiery  crimson, 
very  brilliant  and  rich  when 
first  opening,  but  quickly 
fades,  medium  or  small  size, 
full,  well  formed,  handsome, 
Bourbon-like  foliage,  very  lia- 
ble to  mildew.  This  variety 
and  all  of  its  type  are  of  del- 
icate constitution. 

Odier,  1845.  Deep  rose,  some- 
times mottled  ;  often  fine,  but 
apt  to  come  malformed  or 
somewhat  coarse. 

Lartoy,  1861.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijon.  Rose  color,  tinged 
with  fawn. 

Margottin,  1879.  Vivid  red,  dou- 
ble. 

Jacotot,  1853.  In  color  a  com- 
bination of  rose,  salmon  and 
yellow ;  flowers  very  large, 
very  full,  good  globular  form, 
the  outer  petals  inclined  to 
fade.  A  very  useful  rose,  prob- 
ably the  hardiest  of  the  Teas. 

Ducher,  1865.  Crimson-purple, 
large,  very  full,  subject  to  mil- 
dew. If  the  color  were  perma- 
nent,thiswouldbeagood  kind. 

A  deceit.  Sent  out  as  a  new 
son  ;  it  is  but  Anne  de  Dies- 
bach, 

Vibert.  Brilliant  crimson,  semi- 
double. 

Ducher,  1859.    Raised  from  Gen- 


234 


THE    TIOSB. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


tena)'-. 
mod. 


free   or 


379.  Gloire   de  Vi- 
try,  free. 

380.  Glory  of  Ches- 
hunt,  vig. 

381.  Glory  of  Moss- 
es, mod. 


382.  Glory  of  Wal- 
tham. 

383.  Goubault,  free 
or  mod. 

384.  Gracilis,   free. 
{Prolific.) 


H.R. 
H.R. 

M. 

H.Cl 
T. 

M. 


3S5.  Great  Western,  H.Ch. 

free. 
386.   Greville,    vig.   Mult. 

{Seven  Skters.) 


387.  Guillaume  Gil- 
lemont. 

388.  Gustave  Thier- 
ry. 

389.  Harrison  Weir, 
free  or  mod. 


390.  Harrison's 
Yellow,  free. 


H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


eral  Jacqueminot.  Crimson, 
tinged  with  violet  ;  out  of 
d.ite. 

Masson,  1855.  Raised  from  La 
Reine.      Bright  rose. 

G.  Paul,  1880.  Raised  from 
Charles  Lefebvre.  Rich  crim- 
son, double,  very  effective. 

Vibert,  1852.  Pale  rose,  very 
large,  full,  flat  form;  not  at- 
tractive in  the  bud  ;  the  foli- 
age is  very  large. 

Vigneron,  1865.  (Sent  out  by 
W.  Paul.)  Crimson,  double, 
fragrant. 

Goubault,  1843.  Rose,  tinged 
with  salmon  ;  resembles  Bon 
Silene,  but  inf^erior  to  it. 

Deep  pink  buds,  surrounded 
with  delicate, fringe-like  moss. 
Ihc  most  beautiful  of  all  the 
moss  roses. 

Laffay.  Red,  shaded  with  crim- 
son, double,  fragrant ;  poor. 

Blush,  tinged  and  striped  with 
various  shades,  small  or  me- 
dium size  ;  a  tender  variety  of 
no  value. 

Schwartz,  1880.  Raised  from 
Madame  Charles  Wood.  Rosy- 
carmine. 

Oger,  1880.    Cherry-red. 

Turner,  1879.  Raised  from 
Charles  Lefebv?'e  X  Xavier 
Olibo.  Velvety  crimson,  bright- 
ened with  scarlet. 

Harrison,  1830.  Golden  yellow, 
medium  size,  semi-double; 
generally  has  nine   leaflets,  a 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


235 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


3gi.  Helen  Paul. 


392.  Helvetia. 

393.  Henri    Lecoq, 
dwf. 

394.  Henri  L  e  d  e- 
chaux,  dwf. 

395.  Henri  Martin. 

396.  Henry  Bennett, 
mod. 


397.  Hcrmosa,  mod. 
{A  rm  0  s  a,  or 
Setina.) 

398.  Hippolyte  Ja- 
main,  mod. 


399.  Homer,  vig. 


H.R. 

T. 

T. 

H.R. 

M. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


T. 


freer  bloomer  than  Persian 
Yellow.  This  is  believed  to 
be  a  hybrid  between  the  com- 
mon Austrian  and  a  Scotch 
rose. 

Lacharme,  1881.  Raised  from 
Victor  Verdier  X  Sonibreuil. 
White,  sometimes  shaded  with 
pink  ;  large  globular  flowers. 

Ducher,  1873.  Pink,  tinged  with 
fawn. 

Ducher,  1871.  Rosy-flesh,  small, 
beautiful  buds  ;  delicate  habit. 

Ledechaux,  1868.  Belongs  to 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Carmine- 
rose. 

Portemer,  1862.  Red,  not  valu- 
able. 

Lacharme,  1875.  Raised  from 
Charles  Lefebvre.  Crimson, 
medium  size,  mildews,  and 
burns  badly  ;  shy  in  autumn, 
and  of  no  value. 

Marcheseau,  1840.  Bright  rose, 
medium  or  small  size,  double  ; 
constantly  in  flower,  bushy 
habit. 

Lacharme,  1874.  Belongs  to 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Carmine- 
red,  well  built  flowers ;  the 
foliage  when  young  has  a 
deeper  shade  of  red  than  is 
seen  in  any  other  sort,  and  is 
also  the  handsomest.  We  find 
this  the  hardiest  of  the  type. 

Moreau-Robert,  1859.  Salmon- 
rose,  often  richly  mottled  ;  a 
free  bloomer,  moderately 
hardy,  best  in  the  open  air  ; 
the   buds  are   very  beautiful. 


236 


THE  KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


400.  Hon.  George 
Bancroft,  dwf. 
or  mod. 


401.  Horace  Vernet; 
dwf.  or  mod. 


402.  Hortensia, 
free. 

403.  H  y  m  e  n  e  e, 
mod. 

404.  Ida,  mod. 

405.  Impe  ra  t  ri  c  e 
Eugenie,  free. 


406.  Innocente 
Plrola,  mod. 


even  though  of  variable  shades. 
Certainly  one  of  the  most  use- 
ful tea  roses. 
H.T.  Bennett,  1879.  From  Madame 
de  St.  Joseph  X  Lord  Macau- 
lay.  Red,  shaded  with  violet- 
crimson,  large,  full  flowtrs, 
and  good,  pointed  buds  ;  of- 
ten comes  malformed  ;  highly 
scented,  a  combination  of  the 
perfumes  found  in  the  parent 
varieties  ;  the  wood  is  nearly 
smooth,  the  foliage  is  large, 
dark,  and  handsome.  The 
color  is  not  deep  enough,  and 
is  too  sullied  to  make  this  of 
value  for  winter-forcing. 
H.R.  Guillot  fils,  1866.  Crimson,  il- 
lumined with  scarlet,  large, 
double  ;  of  beautiful  wavy 
outline  ;  nearly  smooth  wood, 
of  delicate  constitution.  Few 
roses  have  such  lovely  form  as 
this. 

T.      Ducher,  1871.     Rose  color,  back 
of  petals  a  washed-out  pink  ; 
I     a  coarse,  poor  sort. 

T.  LafTay.  Pale  sulphur-yellow, 
large,  full. 
Madame  Ducher,  1875.  P^'^ 
yellow,  double. 
Bang.  Beluze,  1855.  Silvery-rose,  me- 
dium size,  full,  fragrant  ;  a 
good  variety,  and  would  he 
very  useful  had  we  not  La 
France.  Subject  to  mildew ; 
shows  Bourbon  character. 

T.  Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Clouded 
white,  medium  size,  full,  well- 
formed  buds.     In  the  style  of 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


2.37 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


407.  Isabella  {Bella). 
mod.  or  free- 

408,  Isabella  Gray, 
free. 


409.     Isabella 
Sprunt,  free. 


[free. 

410.  Jacques  Latitte 

411.  James  Sprunt, 
vig. 


412.  James  Veitch, 
dwf. 


Jaune  Desprez, 
413.  Jaune  d'Or, 
dwf. 


414.  Jean  B  o  d  i  n 
free. 

415.  Jean     Brosse, 
mod. 


T. 

N. 


H.R. 
Beng 


P.M. 


M. 
H.R. 


Niphetos,  but  is  inferior  to  it 
in  all  respects  save  mere  vigor 
of  growth. 

Cels,  1S3S.  Creamy-white  ;  once 
a  popular  sort. 

Andrew  Gray,  1S54.  Raised  from 
Cloth  ofGoht.  Golden  yellow  ; 
has  the  good  and  bad  qualities 
of  the  parent. 

Rev.  James  M.  Sprunt,  D.D., 
1S65.  (Sent  out  by  Isaac 
Buchanan.)  A  spoit  from 
Safrano.  Sulphur  yellow,  very 
beautiful  in  the  bud.  Well 
known  as  one  of  the  most  use- 
ful kinds. 

Vibert,  1846.     Rosy-crimson, 

Rev.  James  Sprunt,  1858.  (Sent 
out  by  P.  Hender^son.)  A 
climbing  sport  from  Agr:p- 
pina.  Crimson,  the  same  color 
as  the  parent  sort,  but  the  flow- 
ers are  fuller  and  larger.  It  is 
not  so  free  flowering  as  Agrip- 
pina,  but  a  desirable  rose. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Violet-crim- 
son, a  sullied  color,  medium 
or  large  size,  poor  shape  ; 
blooms  freely,  very  subject  to 
mildew. 

See  Desprez. 

Oger,  1864.  Coppery-yellow, 
medium  size,  full,  very  deli- 
cate habit.  One  of  the  sweet- 
est in  the  class. 

Vibert,  1847.  Light  rose,  quar- 
tered shape,  fragrant,  not 
mossy. 

Ducher,  1867.  Rose  color,  me- 
dium size,  cup  form. 


238 


THE   EOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and    p. 
Habit  of  Growth.       *-lass. 


416.  Jean  Cherpin, 
free. 


417.  Jean  Dalmais 
mod. 

418.  Jean    Ducher, 
free  or  mod. 


419.  Jean   Goujon, 
vig. 

420.  Jean  Hardy. 


421.  Jean  Lambert, 
vig. 

422.  Jean  Liabaud, 
free. 


423.  Jean  Lorthois, 
free  or  vig. 

424.  Jean  Monford 
vig. 

425.  Jean     Pernet, 
free. 


426.  Jean  S  i  s  1  ey, 
mod. 


H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 

H.Ch, 

N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 
M. 
T. 

H.T. 


Liabaud,  1865.  Plum  color, 
double,  often  semi-double,  in- 
clined to  burn  ;  fragrant  and 
a  fine  seed  parent.  One  of  the 
richest  shades  of  color  yet 
produced. 

Ducher,  1873.  Rose,  tinged  with 
violet,  globular,  fragrant. 

Madame  Ducher,  1874.  Bronzed- 
rose,  large,  very  full,  globular 
form  ;  not  to  be  depended  on, 
but  very  beautiful  when  well 
grown. 

Margottin,  1862.  Red,  large  or 
very  large,  full,  neatly  smooth 
wood  ;  of  second  quality. 

Flardy,  1859.  Golden  yellow, 
medium  size,  full;  an  inferior 
Isabella  Gray. 

E.  Verdier,  1866.  Deep  red, 
very  large,  full,  flat  form. 

Liabaud,  1875.  A  seedling  from 
Baron  de  Bonstetten.  Crimson- 
maroon,  illumined  with  scar- 
let, large,  full  ;  a  lovely  rose, 
but  shy  in  the  autumn. 

Madame  Ducher,  1879.  Rose, 
reverse  of  the  petals  silvery 
pink. 

Robert,  1852.  Rose  color,  quite 
pretty  in  bud,  subject  to  mil- 
dew, not  free. 

Pernet,  1867.  Light  yellow, 
suffused  with  salmon,  beauti- 
ful buds  ;  a  fine  tea,  but  is 
now  surpassed  by  Ferle  des 
Jardins. 

Bennett,  1879.  Raised  from 
President  X  EmilieHausburgh. 
Lilac  rose,    large,    very     full, 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES. 


239 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


427.  Jean  Souperi, 
mod.  or  free. 


428.  Jeanne  d'Arc^ 
vig. 

429.  Joasine  Hanet 
vig. 


430.  John  Bright, 
mod. 

431.  John  Cranston 

432.  John  Hopper, 
free. 


433.   John  Keynes, 

free. 
434  John  Saul,  free. 


435.  John  Stuart 
Mill,  free. 


H.R. 

N. 
K.R. 


H.R. 

M. 

H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


without  fragrance  ;  very  sub- 
ject to  mildew.  The  color  is 
bad,  and  the  buds  rarely  open 
well  ;  it  is  entirely  worthless. 

Lacharme,  1875.  Crimson-ma- 
roon, in  the  way  of  Jean  Lia- 
batid ;  dark  green  foliage,  with 
many  thorns  ;  not  free  in  the 
autumn. 

V.  Verdier,  1848.  White,  an  in- 
ferior Lamarque. 

Belongs  to  the  old  Portland 
group.  Deep  rose,  tinged 
with  violet,  medium  size,  full, 
quartered  shape  ;  fragrant, 
very  hardy,  a  profuse  bloomer. 
The  color  and  form  are  bad, 
and  destroy  its  usefulness. 

G.  Paul,  1878.  Bright  crimson, 
medium  size. 

E.  Verdier,  1862.  Violet-red, 
medium  size. 

Ward,  1862.  From  Jules  Mar- 
got  im  X  Madame  Vidot,  Bright 
rose,  with  carmine  centre, 
large  and  full,  semi-globular  ; 
light  red  thorns,  stout  bushy 
growth.  A  free  blooming, 
standard  sort. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Red,  shaded 
with  maroon. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Raised 
from  Antoine  Ditcher.  Red, 
back  of  the  petals  carmine, 
semi-globular. 

Turner,  1874.  Raised  from 
Beauty  of  Waltham.  Rosy- 
crimson,  large, full,  ordouble; 
does  not  bloom  until  late  ;  shy 
in  the  autumn. 


240 


THE   KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth, 


436.  Joseph  Bernac- 
chi,  vig. 

437.  Jules  Chretien, 
mod. 

438.  Jules  Chretien, 
free. 

439.  Jules    Finger, 
free. 


440.  Jules    J  urge  n- 
sen. 

441.  Jules  Margot- 
tin,  free. 


442.  Julie  Mansais, 
mod. 

443.  Julie  Touvais, 
mod. 

444.  Julius  Finger, 
mod. 


445.  King    of    the 
Prairies,  vig. 

446.  King's     Acre, 

447.  La     Brillante, 
mod. 


448.  La    Fontaine, 
free. 


N. 

HR 

H.R. 
T. 

B. 
H.R. 


T. 
H.R. 

H.T. 


P. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


H.Ch, 


Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Yel- 
lowish-white, pale  yellow  at 
centre. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Belongs  to  the 
Frmce  Camille  type.  Crimson, 
tinged  with  purple. 

Damaizin,  1870.  Bright  rose  ; 
not  valuable, 

Madame  Ducher,  1879.  From 
Caiheyine  Mermet  X  Madame 
de  Tartas.  Red,  with  a  silvery 
lustre  ;  a  promising  sort. 

Schwartz,  1879.     Magenta-rose. 

Margottin,  1853.  Probably  from 
La  Reine.  Carmine  rose,  large, 
full,  somewhat  fiat,  slight  fra- 
grance ;  five  to  seven  leaflets, 
foliage  light  green,  and  some- 
v/hat  crimpled  ;  wood  armed 
with  dark  red  thorns ;  free 
flowering  and  hardy. 

Creamy-white,  sweet  'scented, 
beautiful  ;  delicate  in  habit. 

Touvais,  1868.  Satiny-pink,  very 
large,  full  ;  fine,  but  unreli- 
able. 

Lacharme,  1879.  From  Victor 
Verdier  X  Sombreuil.  Salmon- 
pink,  in  the  style  of  Captain 
Christy ;  a  promising  sort. 

Feast,  1843.     Pale  rose. 

Cranston,  1864.    Vermilion. 

V.  Verdier,  1862.  Bright  crim- 
son, a  clear  shade,  large, 
double,  fragrant ;  a  free  bloom- 
er. 

Guinoiseau,  1855.  Red  tinged 
with  violet. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VAKIETIES. 


241 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


449-  La  France 
mod. 


-bl 


450.  La    Grandeur 
free  or  vig. 

451.  La    Jonquille, 
mod. 


452.  La  Lune,  mod. 


453.  La  Motte  San 
guin,  mod. 

454.  La  Nuancee, 
mod. 

455-  La    Princesse 
Vera,  free. 


456.  La  Reine,  free 
or  vig. 


457.  La  Ro  Sid  re, 
free. 


ri.R 

T. 
T. 

H.R. 


H.R. 


H.T.  Guillot  fils,  1S67.  From  seed 
of  a  Tta  rose.  Silvery-rose, 
changing  to  pink,  very  large, 
full,  globular;  a  most  con- 
stant bloomer,  aud  the  sweet- 
est of  all  roses.  If  the  buas 
remain  firm,  by  pressing  gently 
ilie  point  and 'blowing  into  the 
centre,  the  flowers  will,  al- 
most invariably,  expand.  All 
invaluable  sort. 
Nabonnand,  1S77.     Violet-rose, 

very  large,  full. 
Ducher  1871.     Raised  from  Za^ 
viarque.  Jonquil-yellow,  semi- 
double,  sometimes  single;  me- 
dium or  small  size. 
Nabonnand,  1878.     Creamy-yel- 
low,  deeper  colored  in  centre, 
medium     '^ize,    large     petals, 
semi-double. 
Vigneron,    1S69.       Carmine-red, 

large  or  very  large. 
Guillot-fils,  1875.    Blush,  tinged 

with  fawn,  medium  size,  full. 
Nabonnand,    1878.     Flesh,  bor- 
dered with  coppery- rose,  full, 
well  formed ;  a  distinct  good' 
sort. 
Laffay,  1839.    Glossj'-rose,  large, 
full,  semi-globular  form,  som  c- 
what     fragrant  ;      the     foliage 
slightly  crimplcd,  five  to  sevi  n 
leaflets.     A  very  hardy,  useful 
rose,   though   no    longer  "the 
queen." 
Damaizin,  1874.    Belongs  to  the 
Pi ince  Camille  type.    Cri m son . 
the    flowers    are    identical  in 
color   and   form   with    Prince 


r*> 


242 


THE   EOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


458.  La  Saumonee, 
vig. 


459.  LaSouveraine, 
vig. 

460.  La  Sylphide, 
free. 

461.  La  T  u  1  i  p  e, 
mod. 

462.  La  Ville  de 
Bruxelles,  free. 

463.  Lady  Emily 
Peel,  mod.  or 
free. 

464.  LadyFord- 
wick,  free. 

465.  Lady  Sheffield. 

466.  Lady  Stuart, 
free. 

467.  Lady  Warren- 
der. 

468.  Laelia. 

469  Lamarque,  vig. 


H.Cl. 

H.R. 

T. 
T. 

Dam. 
H.N. 

H.Ch. 
H.R. 
H.Ch. 

Beng. 
H.R. 

N. 


Camille,  but  seem  a  little  fuller, 
and  are  more  freely  produced, 
the  habit  of  growth,  too,  seems 
somewhat  stronger  ;  it  may 
usurp  the  place  of  its  rival. 

Margotiin,  1877.  Belongs  to  the 
Jules  Margottiniy^e,  Salmon- 
rose,  medium  size  ;  non-au- 
tumnal. 

E.  Verdier,  1874.  Rose  color, 
large  flowers,  semi-double  or 
double,  cupped  form  ;  inferior. 

Laffay.  Blush,  with  fawn  centre, 
very  large,  double. 

Ducher,  1870.  Creamy- white, 
tinted  with  carmine,  semi- 
double. 

Vibert,  1836.  Rose  color,  large, 
full,  flat  ;  branching  iiabit. 

Lacharme,  1862.  From  Blanche 
Lafiite  X  Sappho.  White,  ting- 
ed with  blush. 

Laffay,  1838.  Deep  rose,  cup- 
shaped. 

W.  Paul  &  Son,  1881.  Cherry- 
red, 

Portemer,  1852.  Pink,  changing 
to  blush ;  five  to  seven-leaf- 
lets. 

See  Clara  Sylvain. 

Crozy,  1857.  See  Louise  Pe)'- 
ronny. 

Marechal,  1830.  White,  with 
sulphur  centre,  sometimes 
pure  white,  very  large,  full, 
somewhat  fragrant,  generally 
seven  leaflets.  A  superb 
climbing  rose,  quite  too  much 
neglected. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


243 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


470.  Lamarque  a 
fleurs  jaunes, 
free. 

471.  Laneii. 


472.  L'  E  b  1  o  u  i  s- 
sante,  mod. 

473.  L'Esperance, 
free. 

474.  L'Enfant      du 
Mont-Carmel, 
vig. 


475.  Le     Havre, 
mod. 

476.  Le  Mont  Blanc, 
mod. 


477.  Le  N  an  k  in, 
mod.  or  dwf. 


478.  Le  Pact  ole, 
dwf.  or  mod. 

479.  Le  Rhone,  free 
or  mod. 


480.  Led  a.  {Paintea 
Daviask). 

481.  Leon  Renault, 
free  or  vig. 


M, 


H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 
T. 

T. 

T. 

H.R. 

Dam, 
H.R. 


Ducher,  1871.  Pale  yellow,  me- 
dium size,  in  the  style  of  the 
former  sort,  but  inferior  in  all 
respects. 

Laffay,  1854.  (Sent  out  by  Lane 
&  Son.)  Red,  good  foliage, 
with  five  leaflets  ;  not  subject 
to  mildew.  Propagates  wiih 
great  difficulty  from  cuttings. 

Touvais,  1S61.  Rosy-crimson, 
very  large,  double. 

Fontaine,  1871.  Cherry-red, 
large,  full,  flat  form,  fragrant. 

Cherpin,  1851.  (Sent  out  by 
Ducher.)  Violet-rose,  a  muddy 
shade,  large,  full,  flat  form, 
fragrant,  red  spines  ;  inclined 
to  mildew. 

Eude,  1871.  Vermilion,  beauti- 
fully formed. 

Ducher,  1869.  Pale  lemon-yel- 
low, growing  lighter  as  the 
flowers  expand  ;  good  in  the 
bud. 

Ducher,  1871.  Pale  yellow, 
shaded  coppery-jellow,  pretty 
in  the  bud  state  ;  rather  deli- 
cate habit. 

Madame  Pean.  From  Lamarque 
X  Yellow  Tea.  Very  pale  yel- 
low, beautiful  buds. 

Guillot-fils,  1862.  Raised  from 
Gi-neral  Jacqueminot.  Ver- 
milion, tinged  with  crimson, 
large,  well  formed. 

Blush,  edged  with  lake. 

Madame  Le  d  ech  au  x,  1878. 
Cherry-red,  very  large,  full; 
promises  well. 


244 


THE   KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


482.  Leopold  Haus- 
burgh,  free. 

483.  Leopold    Pre- 
mier, free. 


484.  Le  tty  Coles, 
free. 

485.  Leveson  Cow- 
er, mod. 


486.  Lion  des  Com- 
bats, free  or 
mod. 

487.  Little  Gem. 
dwf. 

488.  Lord  Beacons- 
field. 

489.  Lord  Clyde, 
mod. 

490.  Lord  Macau- 
lay,  free  or 
mod. 


491.  Lord  Palmers- 
ton,  free. 


492.  Lord    Raglan, 
mod. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 
B. 

H.R. 

M. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


Granger,  1863.  Belongs  to  Jnc- 
quemhiot  type.  Deep  violet- 
red,  a  bad  color. 

Vanassche,  1863.  Belongs  to 
Jacqueminot  type.  Deep  red 
shaded  crimson,  thorns  not 
very  numerous  ;  a  good  sort 
but  not  Iree  in  the  autumn. 

Keynes,  1876.  A  spott  from 
Madame  Willermoz.  White, 
with  pink  centre. 

Beluze,  1846.  Deep  rose,  tinged 
with  salmon,  the  flowers  are 
of  the  same  character  as  Mal- 
maison. 

Lartay,  185  i.  Violet-rose, 
double,  subject  to  mildew ; 
worthless. 

W.  Paul,  1880.  Crimson,  very 
small,  full  ;  a  miniature  sort. 

Schwartz,  187S.  (Sent  out  by 
Bennett.)  Crimson,  large,  well 
formed. 

G.  Paul,  1863.  Rosy-crimson, 
large,  double  ;  subject  to  mil- 
dew. 

1863.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
Fiery-crimson,  much  the  color 
seen  in  Charles  Lefebvre,  large, 
double,  well  formed,  fragrant ; 
this  is  still  a  good  rose. 

Margottin,  1858.  Carmine-red, 
tinged  with  vermilion,  double, 
well  formed  ;  bushy  habit, 
light  green  wood  and  foliage, 
a  few  lighi-colored  spines. 
A  good  garden  rose. 

Guillot  pere,  1854.  Raised  from 
Giant  of  Battles.  Burgundy 
crimson,  a  lovely  shade;  ten- 
der and  shy  in  autumn. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


245 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


493.   Louis      XIV., 
dwf. 


494.  Louis  Barlet 
free. 

495.  Louis  Chaix, 
dwf. 

496.  Louis  D  o  r  e  , 
mod.  or  free. 

497.  Louis  Phil- 
ippe, mod. 

498.  Louis  Rich- 
ard, free. 

499.  Louis  Van 
Houtte,  free. 

500.  Louis  Van 
Houtte,  dwf.  or 
mod. 


501.  Louis  d'Ar- 
zens,  mod.  or 
free. 

502.  Louise  de  Sa- 
voie,  mod. 

503.  Louise  Odier, 
vig. 

504.  Louise  Pey- 
ronny,  mod. 
{Lcelia.) 


H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

Beng. 
T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 


H.N. 

T. 

B. 
H.R. 


Guillot  fils,  1859.  Raised  from 
General  Jacgtieminot.  Rich 
crimson,  double  ;  a  beautiful 
shade. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.  Pale 
yellovv,  tinged  with  fawn. 

Lacharme,  1857.  Raised  from 
Giant  of  Battles.     Crimson. 

Fontaine,  1S78.  Red,  large, 
full  ;  little  or  no  fragrance, 
bushy  growth. 

Crimson  ;  an  inferior  Agrip- 
pina. 

Madame  Ducher,  1877.  Cop- 
pery rose,  the  centre  some- 
times deep  red. 

Granger,  1863.  Red,  tinged 
with  crimson,  reddish  thorns  ; 
not  of  first  quality. 

Lacharme,  1869.  Said  to  be  from 
Charles  Lefehvre.  Crimson- 
maroon,  medium  size,  some- 
times large,  full,  semiglobu- 
lar  form  ;  large  foliage,  fewer 
thorns  than  most  other  dark 
roses,  highly  perfumed.  This  is 
a  tender  sort,  but  it  is  very  free 
blooming,  and  decidedly  the 
finest  crimson  yet  sent  out. 

Lacharme,  1861.  White  tinged 
with  blush ;  superseded  by 
Coquette  des  Blanches. 

Ducher,  1855.  Pale  j'ellow, 
beautiful  buds  ;  much  like  Le 
Pactole. 

Margottin,  1851.  Bright  rose, 
medium  size,  full,  well  formed, 
hardy. 

Lacharme,  1851.  Raised  from 
La  Reine.     Silvery  rose. 


246 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


505,  Lyonnaise, 
mod. 


506.  Ma  Capucine, 
dwf. 


507.  Mabel    Morri- 
son, mod. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


508.  M  m  e  .   A  d  e  - 
laide  Cote. 

509.  Mme.  Alboni, 
dwf. 


510.  Mme.  Alexan- 
dre  Bernaix, 
mod. 


511,  Mme.  Alfred 
Carriere,  free 
or  vig. 


H.R. 
M. 

H.T. 

H.N. 


Lacharme,  1871.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Pink,  with 
deeper  centre,  fades  quickly  ; 
a  coarse,  inferior  sort. 

Levet,  1871.  Raised  from  the 
Noisette  Ophirie.  Nasturtium 
yellow,  beautiful  buds  ;  a  very 
distinct  rose,  which,  from  its 
delicate  habit,  is  useless  for 
ordinary  cultivators  to  attempt 
growing. 

Broughton,  1878.  (Sent  out  by 
Bennett.)  A  sport  from  Bar- 
oness RotJi s child.  F 1  e s h  w  1  u  t e , 
changing  to  pure  white,  in  the 
autumn  it  is  sometimes  tinged 
with  pink  ;  semi-double,  cup- 
shaped  flowers.  In  all,  save 
substance  of  petal  and  color, 
this  variety  is  identical  with 
the  parent ;  though  not  so  full 
as  we  should  like,  it  is  yet  a 
very  useful  garden  rose,  and 
occasionally  it  is  good  enough 
for  exhibition. 

Schmitt,  1881.  "Reddish-crim- 
son, in  the  style  of  Ca?-difial 
Patrizziy 

V.  Verdier,  1850.  Pink,  very 
large,  very  full,  flat  ;  much 
like  Glory  of  Mosses,  and,  like 
that  kind,  too  full  to  be  pretty 
in  the  bud  state. 

Guillot  fils,  1877.  Salmon-rose, 
petals  sometimes  edged  with 
blush  ;  has  true  Tea  odor, 
though  not  strong.  A  prom- 
ising variety. 

Schw.irtz,  1879.  White,  not  free 
blooming,  undesirable. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


247 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


512.  Mme.  Alfred 
de  Rougemont, 
mod. 

513.  Mme.  Alice 
Bureau,  free. 


H.N. 


H.R. 


H.R, 


514.  Mme.  Al- 
phonse  Laval- 
lee,  mod. 

515.  Mme.    A  ma-      T. 
dieu. 

516.  Mme.   Amelie  H.R. 
Baltet. 

517.  Mme.     Andre  H.R. 
Leroy,  vig. 

518.  Mme.  Angelt 
Jacquier,  free 
or  mod. 


519.  Mme.  Anna  de 
BesobrasofF, 
mod. 

520.  Mme.  Anna  de 
Besobrasoff, 
free. 

521.  Mme.  Auguste 
Perrin,  mod. 


522.  Mme.     Az61ie 
Imbert,  free. 

523.  Mme.  Barillet 
Deschamps. 

524.  Mme.  Barth61- 
emy  Levet. 

525.  Mme.    Bel- 


H.R. 
H.R. 
H.N. 

T. 
T. 

T. 
H.N. 


Lacharme,  1S62.  Raised  from 
Blanche  Lafitte  X  Sappho. 
White,  tinged  with  pink  ;  sur- 
passed by  Coquette dt's  Blanches. 

Vigneron,  1868.  Belongs  to 
La  Reine  type.  Rose  color  ; 
much  like  the  parent,  but  more 
shy  in  the  autumn. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Carmine-red, 
in  the  style  of  Aljred  Colomb  ; 
a  promising  variety. 

Pernet,  1880.  Bright  rose,  dou- 
ble, large. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Satiny-rose, 
well  formed. 

Trouillard,  1865.  Salmon-rose, 
large,  double. 

Guillot  fils,  1879.  Bright  rose, 
base  of  petals  coppery  yellow  ; 
a  good  deal  the  build  of  Cath- 
erine Mermet.  I  am  well 
pleased  with  the  appearance 
of  this  kind. 

Nabonnand,  1877.  Flesh  color, 
the  centre  shaded  with  rose, 
medium  size. 

Gonod,  1877.  Raised  from 
Charles  Leftbvre.  Deep  red, 
shaded  with  purple. 

Schwartz,  1878.  Mottled  pink, 
small  or  medium  size,  well 
formed  ;  a  new  color  in  this 
class.  We  are  most  favorably 
impressed  with  it. 

Levet,  1870.  Raised  from  Mme. 
Falcot.     Pale  yellow. 

Bernede,  1855.  White,  centre 
creamy-yellow. 

Levet,  1879.  Canary-yellow, 
medium  size. 

Guillot  pere,  1866.     Belongs  to 


248 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Varibty,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


1  e  n  d  e  n    Ker, 
mod. 
526.  Mme.   Berard, 
vig. 


527.  Mme.    Bern- 
ard, mod. 

528.  Mme.  Bernutz, 
free. 

529.  Mme.     Boll , 

vig. 


530.  Mme. 

Boutin, 

H.R. 

mod. 

531.  Mme. 

Bouton, 

M. 

dwf. 

532.   Mme 

Bravy, 

T. 

mod. 

or    free. 

{Alba 

Rosea, 

Mme. 

Sertot.) 

533.  Mme.    Br6- 

T. 

mond, 

dwf. 

534.  Mme. 

Bruel, 

H.R. 

mod. 

535.   Mme 

Bureau, 

Beng 

mod. 

[free. 

536.  Mme 

Caillat, 

H.R. 

537.   Mme. 

Camille, 

T. 

Vlg. 

Cl.T. 


T. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


Eliza  Boeile  tyT^e.  White,  cen- 
tre blu-h  ;  very  beautiful. 

Levet,  1870.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijo7i.  Very  similar  to  the 
parent  ;  the  flowers  are  some- 
what less  full,  of  a  fresher 
shade,  and  are  better  in  the 
bud  state. 

Levet,  1875.  Raised  from  Mine. 
Falcoi.  Coppery-yellow,  me- 
dium sized,  distinct. 

Jamain,  1874.  Satiny-rose,  very 
large,  full. 

Daniel  Boll,  1859.  (Sent  out  by 
Boyeau.)  Belongs  to  Baronne 
Pre'vost  type.  Carmine-rose  ; 
a  very  effective  garden  sort  ; 
very  stout  shoots,  five  leaflets 
only,  there  are  seven  in  Boiel- 
dieti,  a  kindred  variety. 

Jamain,  1861.  Red,  large,  full  ; 
a  good  garden  rose. 

Deep  rose,  mildews  badly  ;  re- 
sembles Oscar  Le  Clerc. 

Guillot,  of  Pont  Cherin,  1848. 
(Sent  out  by  Guillot  of  Lyons.) 
Creamy-while,  large,  full,  of 
very  symmetrical  form  and 
great  fragrance  ;  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  useful  in 
the  class. 

Guillot  fils,  1866.     Violet-red. 

Levet,  1S81.    Raised  from  Count- 
ess of  Oxford.     Carmine-rose. 
White,  tinged  with  blush. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.     Cherry-rose. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Mushroom- 
color,  large,  coarse  flowers ; 
not  worthy  of  cultivation. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


249 


Name  of  Variety,  and   p 
Habit  of  Growth.       '-^ass. 


538,  Mme.  Cara- 
dori  Allan,  vig. 

539.  Mme.  Caro. 

540,  Mme.  Caro- 
line Kuster, 
free. 

541.  Mme.  Celina 
Noirey,  vig. 


542.  Mme.  Charles 
free. 

543.  Mme.  Charles 
Crapelet,  vig. 


544.  Mme.  Charles 
Verdier,  free  or 

vig. 

545.  Mme.  Charles 
Wood,  dwf. 


546.  Mme.  Chate, 
mod. 

547.  Mme.  Che- 
dane  Guinois- 
eau,   free. 

548.  Mme.  Chirard. 


P. 
T. 

N. 

T. 

T. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 


H.R. 
T. 

H.R. 


Bright  pink,  semi- 
Salmon-yellow, 


Feast,  1843. 
double. 

Levet,    1880. 
medium  size. 

Pernet,  1873.  Pale  yellow,  often 
mottled  with  rose ;  a  free 
blooming.excellent  shrub  rose, 
one  of  the  best  bedding  kinds. 

Guillot  fils,  1868.  Salmon,  the 
outer  petals  washed  out  pink, 
very  large,  very  full  ;  a  coarse 
flower,  of  dirty  shade. 

Damaizin,  1864.  Raised  from 
Safrano.  Apricot  color ;  in 
the  way  of  Mme.  Falcot. 

Fontaine,  1859.  Cherry-red,  me- 
dium or  large  size,  fragrant 
and  good  ;  wood  armed  with 
numerous  thorns. 

Lacharme,  1864.  Belongs  to  the 
Barojine  Frevost  type.  Rosy 
vermilion,  very  large,  a  free 
bloomer. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Reddish  crim- 
son, large  or  very  large,  nearly 
full  ;  one  of  the  freest  flower- 
ing kinds,  but  not  of  first 
quality.  Occasionally,  as  with 
General  Washington,  some 
first-rate  blooms  are  produced. 
Fontaine,  1871.     Cherry-red. 

Leveque,  1880.  Canary-yellow, 
thought  to  be  a  valuable  variety 
for  the  buds  ;  probably  in  the 
style  of  Isabella  Spruni. 

Pernet,  1867.  Rose,  tinged  with 
vermilion,  full,  peculiar  rich 
scent  ;  bushy  habit,  shy  in 
autumn,  many  malformed 
flowers. 


250 


THE   ROSE. 


Namk  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


549.  Mme.  Clem 
ence  Joig 
neaux,  vig. 

550.  Mme.  CI  e  rt 
mod. 

551.  M  m  e.  Crosy, 
free  or  vig. 

552.  Mme.  Cusin. 

553.  Mme.  Damai- 
zin,free  or  vig. 

554.  Mme.  de  La- 
boulaye,  mod. 
or  dwf. 


555.  Mme.  de  Rid- 
der,  free  or  vig. 


556.  Mme    de     St. 
Joseph,  mod. 

557.  Mme.    de    St. 
Fulgent,  free. 


558.  Mme.  de  Tar- 
tas,  mod. 

559.  Mme.    de   Va- 
try,  free. 


560.   Mme.     Desir6 
Giraud,  vig. 


H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 
T. 

H.R. 


H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 

T. 
T. 

H.R. 


Liabaud,  1861.  Rose,  tinged 
with  lilac,  double,  large  flow- 
ers. 

Gonod,  1868.     Salmon-rose. 

Levet,  1881.  Raised  from  Sou- 
venir de  la  Reine  d' Angle terre. 
Rose  color,  very  large. 

Guillot  fils,  1881.  Violet-rose, 
tinged  with  yellow. 

Damaizin,  1858.  Creamy-white, 
shaded  salmon,  very  large, 
double  ;  not  well  formed. 

Liabaud,  1877.  Rosy-pink,  some- 
what fragrant,  bushy  habit, 
long,  rather  small  foliage, 
wood  thickly  covered  with 
dark  brown  thorns  ;  not  very 
promising. 

Margottin,  1871.  Red,  shaded 
with  violet-crimson,  large, 
full,  fine  globular  form  ;  green 
wood  and  thorns.  A  distinct 
sort,  fragrant  and  beautiful, 
but  fades  easily. 

Fawn,  shaded  salmon,  large, 
full,  highly  scented  ;  not  well 
formed. 

Gautreau,  1871.  Raised  from 
Cafhcriue  Guillot.  Rosy-ver- 
miiion  tinged  with  lilac,  large, 
globular  ;  well  formed. 

Bernede.     Rose  color,  double. 

Red,  shaded  with  salmon,  of 
good  form,  both  in  bud  and 
flower,  and  well  scented  ;  a 
very  choice  old  sort. 

Madame  Giraud,  1853.  (Sent 
out  by  Van  Houtte.)    A  sport 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES. 


251 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


561.  Mme.  D6vau- 
coux,  free. 

562.  Mme.  Devert, 
mod.  or  dwf. 

563.  Mme.Domage, 
free. 

564.  Mme.  Ducher, 
mod. 

565.  Mme.  Ducher, 
free. 

566.  Mme.  Edward 
Ory,  mod. 


567.  Mme.  E  1  i  s  e 
Stchegoleflf. 

568.  Mme.    Emilie 
Dupuy,  free 

569.  Mme.  Etienne 
Levet,  dwf. 


570.  Mme.  Eugene 
Chambeyra  n 
mod. 

571.  Mme.  Eugene 
Verdier,  free  or 
mod. 

572.  Mme.  Falcot, 
mod. 


T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
P.M. 

T. 

T. 

H.T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 


from  Baronne  Prevost.    Blush- 
white,  striped  with  deep  rose. 

Madame  Ducher,  1874.  Canary- 
yellow,  medium  size. 

Pernet,  1876.  Raised  from  Vic- 
tor Verdier.     Salmon-rose. 

Margottin,  1S53.  Bright-rose, 
large,  loose  flowers,  very  thor- 
ny ;  not  valuable. 

Levet,  1879.  Silvery-rose,  me- 
dium size,  double. 

Ducher,  1869.  Creamy-yellow, 
medium  size. 

Moreau-Robert,  1854.  Carmine- 
red,  of  medium  size,  full  ;  one 
of  the  best  in  the  class,  which 
is  not  saying  much  for  the 
class. 

Nabonnand,  1881.  Clear  rose, 
flowers  said  to  be  in  the  style 
of  Niphetos. 

Levet,  1870.  Salmon,  some- 
times pale  fawn,  large,  full  ; 
not  attractive. 

Levet,  1878.  Cherry-red,  some- 
times having  a  coppery  shade, 
small  size,  pietty  in  the  bud  ; 
slightly  scented,  agreeable 
odor. 

Gonod,  1878.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Rose, 
tinged  with  violet,  sometimes 
salmon-rose. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Belongs  to 
La  Reine  type.  Mottled  rose, 
very  large,  full,  globular ;  a 
promising  kind. 

Guillot  fils,  1858.  Raised  from 
Safrano.  Deep  apricot  ;  re- 
sembles   the    parent,    but    is 


252 


THE   HOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


573.  Mme.  Ferdi- 
nand J  a  m  i  n, 
mod. 

574.  Mme.Fortunee 
Besson. 

575.  Mme.Fran9ois 
Janin,  dwf.  or 
mod. 


576. 
577 

578. 
579' 


Mme.  Francois 
Pittet,  mod. 

Mme.  Fre  e- 
man,  mod. 

Mme.  Fremi- 
on,  mod. 

Mine.  Gabriel 
Luizet,  vig. 


580.  Mme.  Gail- 
lard,  mod. 

58.1.  Mme,  George 
Schwartz,  mod. 

582.  Mme.  Gustave 
Bonnet,  free. 


5S3.  Mme.    Hardy, 
vig. 


n.R. 

H.R. 
T. 

H.N. 
H.N. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 

H.N. 
Dam. 


somewhat  larger,  more  double, 
of  deeper  shade,  less  product- 
ive, and  of  weaker  growth. 
Ledechaux,    1875.       Deep  rose, 
cupped  form,  highly  scented. 

Besson,  1881.  Raised  from  Jules 
Margottin.     Carmine-rose. 

Levet,  1872.  Orange  yel- 
low, small  size,  buds  of  ex- 
quisite  shape  ;  very  distinct, 
both  in  color  and  its  peculiar 
fragrance. 

Lacharme,  1877.  Pure  white, 
small. 

Guillot  p^re,  1862.  White,  tinged 
with  pink. 

Margottin,  1850.  Cherry-red, 
cup-shaped,  fragrant. 

Liabaud,  1878.  Belongs  to  the 
Jules  Margottin  iy^e.  Pink, 
somewhat  fragrant,  long  foli- 
age ;  a  promising  kind,  worthy 
of  attention. 

Ducher,  1870.  Salmon-yellow, 
large,  somewhat  coarse. 

Schv.'artz,  1871.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Silvery- 
ro?;e,  fades  badly  aiid  is  coarse. 

Lacharme,  i860.  From  BiancJw. 
LaJitteX  Sappho.  White,  tinged 
with  pink  ;  surpassed  by 
others  of  the  class. 

Hardy,  1832.  White,  large,  very 
full,  flcit  firm,  ver}^  Iragiant  ; 
sometimes  comes  with  green 
centre,  but  very  beautiful 
when  in  perfection.  A  diffi- 
cult sort  to  grow  from  cut- 
tings. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


253 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth, 


584.  Mine.  Hippo- 
lyte  J  amai  n, 
mod. 

585.  Mme.  Hippo- 
jyte  J  am  a  i  n, 
free. 

586.  Mme.  Hoche, 
mod.  or  dwf. 

587.  Mme.  Hunne- 
belle,  free. 

588.  Mme.  Isaac 
Pereire,  free  or 
vig. 

589.  Mme.  Jeanne 
Joubert,  vig. 

590.  Mme.  Jolibois, 
mod. 

591.  Mme.  Joly, 

free. 


592.  Mme.    Joseph 
Halphen,  mod. 

593.  Mme.    Joseph 
Schwartz,  free. 


594.  Mme.  John 
Twombly,  free. 

595.  Mme.  Jules 
Grevy. 

596.  Mme.  Jules 
M  a  r  go  1 1  i  n, 
mod. 

597.  Mme.  Julie 
Daran,  free. 


H.R. 

T. 

M. 

H.R. 

B. 

B. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 

T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 

H.R. 


Gar5on,  1871.  (Sent  out  by  Ja- 
main.)  White,  tinged  with 
rose,  very  large,  full. 

Guillot  fils,  i86g.  White,  tinged 
in  the  centre  with  yellow, 
large,  full. 

Moreau-Robert,  1859.  White, 
superseded  by  White  Bath. 

Fontaine,  1873.  Light  rose, 
large,  fragrant. 

Margottin-fils,  1880.  Carmine- 
red,  very  large,  full,  free 
blooming. 

Margottin,  1877.  Red,  medium 
size,  non-aufumnal. 

E.  Verdier,  1879.  Silvery  rose, 
medium  size,  full. 

Rose  color,  medium  size,  semi- 
cupped,  fragrant,  and  well 
formed  ;  seems  to  be  of  Bour- 
bon origin. 

Margottin,  1859.  Blush,  me- 
dium size. 

Schwartz,  1880.  From  Comfesse 
de  Labarthe.  Blush,  the  edge 
of  petals  tinged  with  car- 
mine. 

Schwartz,  1S81.  Vermilion-red, 
said  to  have  some  resemblance 
to  Alfred  Colomb. 

Schwartz,  1881.  Yxoxxx  Triomphe 
de  r Exposition  X  Madajne  I'al- 
cot.     Salmon-pink. 

Levet,  1871.  Carmine  pink, 
tinged  with  lilac,  very  fragrant; 
inclined    to    come   in    rough 


form. 
Touvais,  1861. 
a  fine  color 
tumn. 


Violet-crimson, 
shy  in   the  au- 


254 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


598.  Mme.    Julie 
Weidman. 

599.  Mme.     Knorr, 
dwf. 

Mme.  de  Roth- 
schild. 

600.  Mme.      L  a  - 
charme,  dwf. 


601.  Mme.    Laffay, 
free. 


C02.  Mme.   Lam 
bard,  vig. 


603.  Mme.    L  a  n- 
deau,  mod. 

604.  Mme.  Laurent, 
vig. 

605.  Mme.  Leon  de 
St.  Jean,  mod. 

606.  Mme.    Levet, 
vig. 


H.T. 
H.R. 


H.Ch 


H.R. 


T. 


P.M. 

H.R. 

T. 
Cl.T. 


Soupert  &  Notting,  1880.  Sal- 
mon-rose. 

V.  Verdier,  1855.  Rose  color, 
medium  size,  full,  flat  form, 
very  sweet. 

See  Baroness  Rothschild. 

Lacharme,  1872.  Claimed  to 
have  been  raised  from  Jules 
Margottin  XSombreuil.  White, 
tinged  with  pink,  medium  size, 
full  or  very  full,  globular; 
does  not  open  w<  11,  and  is  shy 
in  the  autumn.  Of  bushy 
growth,  and  quite  hardy. 

Laffay,  1839.  Rose  color,  large, 
double,  cupped  foim,  red 
spines  ;  surpassed  by  many 
others  of  the  same  shade. 

Lacharme,  1877.  Rosy-salmon, 
deepening  toward  the  centre, 
the  color  is  variable,  some- 
times being  a  rosy  flesh  ;  the 
flowers  are  large,  very  full, 
and  good.  This  variety  is 
not  so  refined  as  many  others, 
but  is  of  excellent  habit,  free 
blooming  qualities,  and  is  to 
be  considered  one  of  our  most 
useful  Teas. 

Moreau  -  Robert,  1873.  Red, 
medium  size,  full  ;  not  valu- 
able 

Granger,  1871.     Cherry-red. 

Levet,  1875.  Pale  yellow,  very 
fragrant,  poor  form. 

Levet,  1869.  Raised  from  Gloin- 
de  Dijon,  Very  much  like  the 
parent,  but  inferior  to  it. 


CATALOGUE  OF   VARIETIES. 


255 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


Class. 


607.  Mine.    Lilien- 
thal. 

608.  Mme.   Loeben 
Sels,  mod. 


609.  M  m  e.  Louis 
Caricques,  vig. 

610.  Mme.  Louis 
Donadine,  dwf. 
or  mod. 

611.  Mme.  Louis 
Henry,  vig. 

612.  Mme.  Louis 
Leveque,  mod. 


613.  Mme.  Margot- 
tin,  mod. 


614.   Mme.  Marie 
Bianchi. 


615.  Mme,   Marie 
Cirodde,  mod. 

616.  Mme.  Marie 
Roederer. 

617.  Mme.  Marie 
Finger,  dwf. 

618.  Mme.   Marthe 
d'Halloy. 


H.R. 
H.T. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


N. 


H.R. 


T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


Liabaud,  1878.  Bright  rose, 
tinged  with  salmon. 

Soupert  &  Notting,  1879.  Sil- 
vcry-white,  shaded  with  rose, 
large,  full,  somewhat  flat 
form. 

Fontaine,  1859.  Rosy-crimson, 
double,  free  in  autumn  ;  not 
of  first  quality. 

Gonod,  1877.  A  sport  from 
Countess  of  Oxford.  Nearly 
the  shade  of  Euginie  Verdier. 

Mine.  Ducher,  1879.  Pale  yel- 
low, fragrant  ;  in  the  way  of 
Solfaterre. 

Leveque,  1873,  Belongs  to  the 
Jules  AT  argot  tin  type.  Car- 
mine-rose, large,  very  full, 
somewhat  flat  form,  slightly 
fragrant  ;  blooms  late  in  the 
season,  but  is  shy  in  the  au- 
tumn. 

Guillot  fils,  1866.  Citron-yellow, 
sometimes  with  coppery  cen- 
tre, large,  full,  many  mal- 
formed flowers,  fine  when  per- 
fect. 

Guillot  fils,  1881.  Raised  from 
Victor  Verdier  X  Virginal. 
Blush,  tinged  with  lilac,  fra- 
grant 

C.  Verdier,  1867.    Salmon-pink. 

L6veque,    1881,        Raiseci    from 

Jules  Margotlin.     Cherry-red. 
Rambaux,    1873.      (Sent  out  by 

Lachaime.)     Almost  identical 

with  Eugenie  Verdier. 
Leveque,    1881.        Raised    from 

Madajne  Boutin.     Cherry-red. 


256 


THE   HOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


619.  Mme.  Maurice 
Kuppen  hei  m, 
mod. 

620.  Mme.  Maurin, 
free. 

621.  Mme.  Maxime 
de  la  Rochete- 
rie. 

622.  Mme.  Melanie 
Wi  1  lerm  o  z, 
free. 

623.  Mme.  Miolan 
Carvalho,  free 
or  vig. 

624.  Mme.  Montet. 

625.  Mme.  Moreau, 
mod. 

626.  Mme.  Moreau, 
mod. 

627.  Mme.Nachury, 
vig. 


628.  Mme.  Noman, 
dwf.  {Mademoi 
selle  Bonnaire). 


629.  Mme.  Oswald 
de  Kerch  ove, 
dwf. 


T. 

T. 

H.R. 

T. 

N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
P.M. 
H.R. 

H.N. 


H.N. 


Madame  Ducher,  1877.  Pale 
yellow,  shaded  with  apricot. 

Guillot  pere,  1853.  Creamy- 
white,  large ;  not  very  reli- 
able. 

T.  Grange,  1880.  (Sent  out  by 
Vigneron.)  Raised  from  Vic- 
tor Verdier.     Carmine- rose. 

Lacharme,  1845.  Creamy-white, 
thick  petals,  large,  full,  little 
fragrance  ;  an  excellent  sort 
for  out-of-door  culture. 

Leveque,  1876.  Raised  from 
Chrofjiatella.     Sulphur  yellow. 

Liabaud,  1880.  Light  pink, 
large  petals. 

Gonod.  Red,  shaded  with  vio- 
let. 

Moreau-  Robert, 
large,  full. 

Damaizin,     1873. 
La   Reine    type, 
color,    fades     easily,    flowers 
very  large,  rather  loose,    fra- 
grant. 

Guillot  pere,  1867.  Raised  from 
Madame  Recajuier.  White, 
sometimes  with  shaded  cen- 
tre, medium  size,  full,  globu- 
lar ;  foliage  somewhat  crim- 
pled,  wood  armed  with  quite 
numerous,  small  spines.  A 
rose  of  exquisite  beauty. 

Schwartz,  1879.  From  a  seed- 
ling (^i  Mine.  R^caiuier  X  Mme. 
Falcot.  White,  tinged  with 
fawn,  promises  to  be  an  ad- 
dition of  merit.     It  has  all  ihe 


1872.       Red, 

Belongs    to 
Deep    rose 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


257 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


630.  Mme.  Pauline 
Labonte,  free 

631.  Mme,    Pierre 
Oger,  vig. 


632.  Mme.Plantier, 
free. 


633.  Mme.  Prosper 
Laugier,  free. 

634.  Mme.    R  e  c  a- 
mier,  dwf. 


635.  Mme.   Rivers, 
mod. 

636.  Mme.  Rosalie 
de  Wincop. 

637.  Mme.  Scipion 
Cochet,  vig. 
Mme.  Sertot. 

638.  M  m  e.  Sophie 
Fropot,  vig. 


T. 
B. 

H.Ch 


H.R. 
H.N. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 


characteristics  of  the  Eliza 
Boelle  type. 

Pradel,  1852.  Salmon-rose,  large, 
full,  and  good  in  the  bud  ;  an 
excellent  sort. 

Oger,  1878.  (Sent  out  b)^  C. 
Verdier.)  A  sport  from  Rcine 
Victoria.  Blush,  the  exterior 
of  petals  tinged  with  rosy- 
lilac,  cupped  form,  not  a  free 
bloomer. 

Plantier,  1835.  Pure  white, 
above  medium  size,  full,  fl.it 
form,  seven  leaflets,  foliage 
rather  small  ;  one  of  the  best 
white  roses  for  hedges  and  for 
massing.  Early  in  the  season 
the  flowers  are  produced  in 
great  abundance. 

E.  Verdier,  1875.  Red,  quartered 
shape,  not  fragrant,  numerous 
red  thorns;  of  second  quality. 

Lacharme,  1853.  Blush  white, 
medium  size,  well  formed. 
The  origin  of  this  rose  is  un- 
known ;  probably  it  is  the  re- 
sult of  a  natural  cross  with 
some  Noisette  on  a  Bourbon. 

Guillot  pere,  1850.  Blush;  a 
pretty  sort,  but  of  unhealthy 
habit  and  quite  tender. 

Vigneron,  1881.  Raised  from 
General  Jacqueminot.  Red, 
tinged  with  lilac. 

Cochet,  1871.     Cherry-rose. 

See  Madame  Bravy. 

Levet,  1876.  Bright  rose,  nearly 
smooth  wood  ;  a  shy  autumnal 
and  not  of  first  quality. 


258 


THE    HOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


639.  Mme.    Theve- 
not,  free. 

640.  Mme.    Trifle, 
vig. 

641.  Mme.  Trotter, 
vig. 

642.  Mme.Trudeau, 
free. 


643.  Mme.  Victor 
Verdier,  mod. 
or  free. 

644.  Mme.  Vidot, 
dwf. 


645.   Mme.  Welche, 
mod. 


646.    Mme.    Zoet- 

Dam 

man,    mod.    or 

free. 

Mademoiselle 

H.R 

Annie  Wood. 

647.  Mile.  Blanche 

T. 

Durschm  id  t , 

free. 

648.   Mile.     Bon- 

H.N. 

naire,  dwf. 

HR. 
Cl.T. 

H.Ch. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 


Jamain,  1877.  Bright  red,  free 
blooming. 

Level,  1869.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijon.  Fawn  and  yellow  ; 
resembles  the  parent,  but  in- 
ferior to  it  in  value. 

Granger,  1855.  Bright  red,  me- 
dium size,afres  bloomer  in  the 
spring. 

Daniel  Boll,  1850.  Rose,  tinged 
with  lilac,  medium  size,  well 
formed,  free  flowering,  mil- 
dews badly. 

E.  Verdier,  1863.  Carmine- 
crimson,  large,  full,  fine,  glob- 
ular form, very  fragrant;  a  su- 
perb rose. 

Couturier,  1S54.  (Sent  out  by  E. 
Verdier.)  Flesh  color,  full, 
well  formed  ;  a  beautiful  rose 
of  very  delicate   constitution. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  (Sent 
out  by  Bennett.)  Raised  from 
Devonlensis  X  Souvenir  d'un 
Ami.  Pale  yellow,  the  centre 
coppery -yellow,  large  and 
full  ;  a  very  distinct  Tea. 

Delicate  flesh,  changing  to 
white,  large,  very  full,  flat  form, 
fragrant,  five  to  seven  leaflets  ; 
a  splendid  white  rose. 

See  Annie  Wood. 

Guillot  fils,  1877.  Raised  from 
Madavie  Falcot.  Flesh  color, 
semi-double,  worthless. 

Pernet,  1859.  Closely  resembles 
Madame  Noman,  it  is  difficult 
to  see  any  points  of  difference 
by  which  one  may  be  distin- 
guished from  the  other. 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES. 


259 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth, 


649.  Mile.   Brigitte 
Violet,  mod. 


650.  Mile.  Cecile 
Berthod,  dwf. 
or  mod. 

651.  Mile.  Cecile 
Briinner,  mod. 
or  dwf. 


652.  Mile.  Emma 
Hall,  mod.  or 
free. 


653.  Mile.  Fer- 
nande  de  la 
Forest,  mod. 

654.  Mile.  Julie 
Dymonier,dwf. 


655. 


Mile.  Lazarine 
Poizeau,  dwf. 
or  mod. 


656.  Mile.  Margue 
rite  Dombrain 
free. 

657.  Mile.    Marie 
Armand,mod. 


H.T. 

T. 

Pol. 

H.Ch, 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


Levet,  1878.  Silvery-rose,  slight- 
ly tinged  with  lilac  ;  not  highly 
scented,  but  quite  a  pleasing 
sort. 

Guillot  fils,  1871.  Sulphur-yel- 
low, medium  size,  pretty  in  the 
bud. 

Madame  Ducher,  1880.  Salmon- 
pink,  deeper  in  the  centre, 
very  small,  full,  delicately 
scented  ;  an  exquisite  minia- 
ture rose  for  floral  work,  opera 
bouquets,  etc. 

Liabaud,  1876.  Raised  from 
Souvenir  de  la  Reine  d' Angle- 
terre.  Carmine- rose,  medium 
size,  semi-globular  form,  fra- 
grant ;  there  are  seven  leaflets 
of  light  green  color,  rather 
crimpled,  the  shoots  are  arm- 
ed with  small  spines  of  pale 
green."  An  excellent  summer 
rose. 

Damaizin,  1872.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Rose 
color,  somewhat  in  the  way  of 
Lyonnaise ;  of  no  value. 

Gonod,  1879.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Salmon- 
pink,  after  the  style  of  Marie 
Cointet. 

Levet,  1876.  Orange-yellow, 
small  size,  very  pretty  in  the 
bud ;  closely  resembles  Ma- 
dame Francois  Jamn. 

E.  Verdier,  1865.  Belongs  to 
La  Reine  type.  Satiny- rose, 
a  good  sort. 

Levet,  1872.  Canary-yellow, 
beautiful  buds,  well  scented, 
delicate  constitution. 


260 


THE   EOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


658.  Mile, 
Berton, 


Marie   Cl.T. 
vig. 


659.  Mile.    Marie 
Chauvet. 

660.  Mile.    Mane 
Cointet.  dvvf. 


661.  Mile.   Marie 
Gonod,  free. 

662.  Mile.   Marie 
Rady,  free. 


663.  Mile.    Rachel, 
dvvf. 


H.R. 


HR. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


Levet,  1875.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijon.  Pale  yellow,  some- 
what fragrant,  the  most  free 
flowering  of  all  the  seedlings 
from  Gloire  de  Dijon;  the  flower 
stems  are  long  and  stout,  the 
foliage  large  and  lustrous. 
A  magnificent  yellow  rose. 

Besson,  1881.  Raised  from 
Baroness  RothscJiild.  Dtcp 
rose  color. 

Guillot  fils,  1872.  Belongs  to 
the  Victor  Vej-dier  type.  Sal- 
mon-pink :  a  very  beautiful 
sort  when  perfect,  but  most  of 
the  flowers  are  malformed,  or 
open  badly. 

Gonod,  1871.     Rosy-blush. 

Fontaine,  1865.  Vermilion-red 
shaded  with  crimson,  large  or 
very  large,  very  full,  of  splen- 
did globular  form,  very  fra- 
grant ;  it  h:is  more  vermilion 
tiian  Alfred  Colonib,  making  it 
somewhat  lighter  and  more 
dull ;  the  shoots  are  armed 
with  numerous  red  thorns,  the 
foliage  shows  considerable 
lustre.  There  is  no  finer  ex- 
hibition sort  among  the  red 
roses,  and  were  it  as  constant, 
it  would  be  quite  as  valuable 
as  Alfred  Colomb  and  Marie 
Bawnann,  varieties  which  bear 
it  considerable  resemblance. 

Beiuze,  i860.  White,  pointed 
buds,  somewhat  in  the  style  of 
hHphetos,  but  not  equal  in 
quality  to  that  fine  sort. 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES. 


261 


Name  of  Variety,  and    p 
Habit  of  Growth.       ^-^Abb. 


664.  Mile.  Therese 
Levet,  mod. 


665.  Magna  Charta, 
vig. 


666.  Manetti  Rose, 
vig. 


667.  Marcelin    Ro- 
da,  mod. 

668.  Marchioness 
of  Exeter 
free. 

669.  Mar^chal    Fo- 
rey,  vig.  or  free 


670.  MarechalNiel 
vig. 


H.R. 


H.Ch, 


T. 


H.R. 


HR. 


N. 


Levet.  1866.  Belongs  to  the 
Jules  Margottin  type.  Salmon- 
rose,  medium  size,  free  bloom- 
ing. 

W.  Paul,  1876.  Pink,  suffused 
with  carmine,  large  or  very 
large,  full,  globular ;  foliage 
and  wood  light  green,  numer- 
ous, dark  spines.  Alragrant, 
excellent  variety. 

Violet-rose,  small  size,  single, 
not  productive  ;  this  variety, 
since  its  introduction  from 
Italy,  is  more  u^ed  for  a  stock 
on  which  10  bud  choice  sorts 
than  any  other  kind.  It  has 
dark,  brownish  wood,  and  al- 
ways seven  leaflets,  sometimes 
nine  ;  there  need  be,  therefore, 
no  difficulty  in  distinguishing 
it  from  other  kinds. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellowish-white, 
the  centre  light  yellow  ;  a  fairly 
good  rose. 

Laxton,  1877.  (Sent  out  by  G. 
Paul.)  A  seedling  from  Jules 
Margottin.  Cherry-rose,  fra- 
grant. 

Margottin,  1863.  Raised  from 
Triomphe  de  V Exposition.  Red- 
dish-crimson, shy  in  the  au- 
tumn. 

Pradel,  1864.     Supposed  to  be  a 

'  seedling  from  Isabella  Gray. 
Deep  yellow,  very  large,  very 
full,  globular  form,  delight- 
fully Iragrant,  the  finest  ot  all 
yellow  roses  ;  it  is  of  delicate 
constitution,  and  requires  very 
careful  treatment  to  produce 
satisfactory  results.    It  is  only 


262 


THE   PtOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


671.  Marechal  Rob 
ert,  free. 


672.  Marechal  Vail 
lant,  free. 


673.  Marguerite 
Brassac. 

674.  Marguerite 
de  St.  Amand, 
free. 


675.  Marie    Bau- 
mann,  mod. 


T. 


H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


adapted  for  culture  under 
glass,  and  even  then  the  inex- 
perienced would  do  better  not 
to  attempt  its  culture,  but  use 
in  its  stead  Mile.  Marie  Ber- 
ton,  Solfaterre,  or,  for  non- 
climbers,  Perle  des  Jardins. 

Madame  Ducher,  1875.  White, 
the  centre  shaded  with  flesh, 
large,  or  very  large,  full,  in 
the  style  of  Co7-nelia  Cook ;  a. 
fine  sort. 

Viennot,  1861.  (Sent  out  by 
Jamain.)  Crimson,  large,  full, 
well-formed,  liagrant  ;  a  fine 
rose,  which,  were  it  not  for 
ATaurice  Bernardin ,  would  be 
more  useful.  It  is  a  valuable 
kind  for  large  collections. 

Brassac,  1875.  The  same  as 
Charles  Lefebvre. 

Sansal,  1864.  Raised  from 
Jules  Margoltin.  Bright  rose, 
very  beautiful  in  the  bud  stale  ; 
will  give  more  fine  blooms  in 
the  autumn  than  any  other  of 
the  class,  and  it  is  also  one  of 
the  best  for  forcing.  It  can- 
not be  propagated  from  cut- 
tings. 

Baumann,  1863.  Crimson-ver- 
milion, suffused  wiih  carmine, 
large,  full,  of  exquisite  color 
and  form,  very  fragrant  ;  the 
wood  freely  covered  with  small 
light  red  thorns.  This  variety 
is  a  littlelighterand  brighter  in 
color  than  Marie  Rady,  which 
is  a  shade  lighter  than  Alfred 
Colonib.     A  rose  of  the  highest 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


2G3 


Name  of  Varietv,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


676.  Marie  Caro 
line  de  Sar- 
toux. 

677.  Marie  d  e 
Blois,  free. 

678.  Marie  d  e 
Bo  u  rgogne, 
dwf. 

679.  Marie  Ducher, 
free. 


680.  Marie  Guillot, 
mod. 


681.  Marie   Jaillet, 
mod. 

682.  Marie   Louise 
Pernet,  mod. 

683.  Marie   Opoix, 
mod. 

684.  Marie    Sisley, 
mod. 


685.  Marie  Van 
Houtte,  free. 


Class. 


T. 

M. 

P.M. 

T. 

T. 

T. 

H.R. 

T. 
T. 


quality  and  very  productive  ; 
no  collection  can  be  complete 
with  it  left  out.      It  should  be 
given  a  favored  position. 
Nabonnand,  1881.     Pure  white. 


Moreau  -  Robert,  1852.  Rose 
color,  double,  not  mossy, 
poor. 

Moreau-Robert,  1853.  Bright 
rose,  medium  size. 

Ducher,  1868.  Salmon-rose, 
large,  very  full,  somewhat 
flat  ;  a  free  blooming  kind,  of 
excellent  habit.  Not  a  refined 
flower,  yet  it  is  a  sort  worth 
growing. 

Guiilot  fils,  1874.  White,  faintly 
tinged  with  yellow,  large,  full; 
of  splendid  form.  One  of  the 
most  beautiful  Teas  ;  would 
that  it  were  fragrant  ! 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Pale 
rose,  deeper  in  the  centre. 

Pernet,  1876.  Raised  from  Bar- 
oness Rothschild.  Deep  rose, 
cupped  form. 

Schwartz,  1874.  Pale  yellow, 
almost  white,  not  of  first 
quality. 

Guillot  fils,  1868.  Rose  tinged 
with  salmon,  sometimes  cop- 
pery-rose ;  a  distinct  sort,  but 
not  reliable,  and  at  its  best  is 
not  specially  attractive. 

Ducher,  1871.  From  Madame  de 
Tartas  X  Madame  Falcot.  Pal  e 
yellow,   the   edges    of    petals 


264 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


686.  Marie  Verdier, 

free. 
6S7.   Marquis  de 

Balbiano,  free. 
6SS.   Marquis  de 

Sanima,  mod. 


Class. 


H.R. 


B. 
T. 


689.   Marquis  of   H.R. 
Salisbury,  mod. 


H.R. 


6go.  Marquise 
Adele  de  Mu- 
rinais,  free.        ! 

691.   Marquise     de   H.R. 
Cast  el  Ian  e, 
mod. 


692.  Marquise     de   H.R. 
Ligneries,  mod. 


693.  Marquise  de 
M  o  r  1  e  m  a  r  t, 
mod.  or  dwf. 

694.  Mary  Pochin. 


695.  Masterpiece, 
mod.  or  free. 


H.R 


H.R. 


H.R. 


often  lined  with  rose,  well 
formed  ;  of  good  habit,  and  in 
every  respect  a  most  charming 
sort.  The  finest  of  all  Teas 
for  out-door  culture. 
E.  Verdier,  1877.     Rose  color. 

Lacharme,  1855.  Silvery-rose, 
medium  size,  full. 

Mine.  Ducher,  1875.  Coppery 
rose,  in  the  style  of  Rcine  du 
PortUi^al,  but  not  so  good. 

G.  Paul,  1879.  Coppery-rose  ; 
shaded  with  crimson,  large, 
globular  form,  distinct. 

Schwartz,  1876.  Raised  from 
Madame  Laffay.  Silvery-rose; 
an  mferior  soi  t. 

Pernet,  1869.  Supposed  to  be 
a  seedling  from  Jules  Mar- 
gottin.  Carmine-rose,  a  bright 
and  permanent  shade,  very 
large,  very  full,  not  fragrant 
but  effective,  does  not  bloom 
until  late  ;  a  valuable  sort  for 
exhibition  purposes.  Does  not 
propagate  from  cuttings. 

Guenoux,  1879.  (Sent  out  by 
Jamain.)  Rose  color,  wood 
nearly  smooth. 

Liabaud,  1S68.  Raised  from 
Jules  Margottin.  Blush,  well 
formed.  A  fine  rose  of  delicate 
habit. 

Rev.  E.  M.  Pochin,  1881.  (Sent 
out  by  Cranston.)  Lake,  shaded 
with  crimson,  medium  size. 

W.  Paul,  1880.  Supposed  to  be 
a  seedling  from  Beauty  of 
Walthavi.     Rosy-crimson. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


2G5 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


696.  Mathilde  Le- 
naerts 

697.  Maurice  Ber- 
nardin,  vig.  or 
free. 


698.  MayQuennell, 
dwf.  or  mod. 


699.  May  Turner, 
mod, 

700.  Melanie  Oger 
free. 

701.  Melanie    Sou- 
pert. 

702.  Mere     do    St. 
Louis,  mod. 

703.  Michael    Bon 
net,  free. 

704.  Michael  Saun- 
ders, mod. 


H.R. 


H.R. 

T. 

T. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.T. 


Levet,  1879.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijon.     Rose  color. 

Granger,  1861.  Raised  from  Gene- 
ral Jacqueminot.  Bright  crim- 
son, large,  moderately  full  ;  a 
good  free  flowering  sort,  gene- 
rally coming  in  clusters  ;  the 
roots  aie  very  delicate,  and 
break  easily.  In  the  spring, 
this  is,  perhaps,  the  most  pro- 
lific of  all  crimson  sorts. 

Postans,  1S78.  (Sent  out  by  W. 
Paul  &  Son.)  Magenta,  shaded 
with  crimson,  large  flowers, 
many  of  them  coming  imper- 
fect ;  wood  rather  smooth,  foli- 
age dark. 

E.  Verdier,  1874.    Salmon-rose. 

Oger,  185 1.  Yellowish  white, 
deeper  at  centre,  medium  size. 

Nabonnand,  1881.  White,  laige, 
very  full. 

Lacharme,  1852.  Raised  from 
La  Reine.     Pink, medium  size. 

Guillot  pere,  1864.  Rose  color, 
in  the  way  of  Madame  Joly, 
but  inferior. 

Bennet,  1879.  From  President 
XMadame  Victor  Verdier.  Deep 
bronzed  rose,  or  rose  shaded 
with  coppery-red,  medium 
size,  very  full,  finely  formed, 
somewhat  fragrant  ;  on  ac- 
count of  their  great  fulness 
the  flowers  do  net  open  well 
under  glass,  but  they  are  fine 
in  open  air.  A  very  distinct 
and  pleasing  sou  ;  the  best  of 
the  set  sent  out  by  Bennett. 


266 


THE    ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


705.   Mignonette. 


706.  Miller-Hayes, 
mod. 

707.  Miss    Glegg; 
free. 


708.  Miss  Hassard 
free. 


709.  Miss    Ingram 
free. 

710.  Miss     May 
Paul,  vig. 

711.  Miss     Tweed, 
free. 


712.  M  o  d  e  1  e  d  e 
P  e  rfe  c  ti  on, 
mod. 

713.  Mogador. 


714.  Moir6,  mod. 

715.  Monsieur   Al- 
fred Leveau. 

716.  Monsieur  Bon- 


Pol. 

H.R. 

N. 

H.R. 

H.Ch. 

Cl.T. 

A. 

B. 
H.R. 


T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 


Guillot  fils,  1881.  "  Delicate 
rose,  changing  to  blush,  very 
small,  double,  flowering  in 
corymbs  of  thirty  or  forty 
blooms." 

E.  Verdier,  1873.  Reddish  crim- 
son. 

Vibert.  White,  the  centre  often 
flesh  color,  very  small,  double; 
resembles  A tme'e  Vibert,  but  is 
much  inferior. 

Turner,  1875.  Raised  from  Mar- 
gtie'rite  de  St.  Am  and.  Pink, 
large,  very  full,  sweetly  scent- 
ed ;  many  imperfect  blooms. 

Ingram,  1868.  (Sent  out  by 
Turner.)  Blush  white,  well 
formed  ;  a  fine  rose. 

Levet,  18S1.  Raised  from  Gloire 
de  Dijon.  "  Lilac-white,  re- 
verse (  f  the  petals  red." 

Pale  yellow,  semi-double  ;  it  has 
nine  leaflets,  rarely  seven  ; 
Persian  Yellow  has  stven  leaf- 
lets only  ;  remembering  this, 
it  is  always  a  simple  matter  to 
distinguish  the  varieties  when 
out  of  flower. 

Guillot  fils.  i860.  Raised  from 
Louise  Odier.  Satiny  rose, 
medium  size,  well  formed. 

Raised  from  Rose  dii  Roi,  and 
esteemed  as  an  improvement 
on  that  variety.  It  is  a  crim- 
son damask  which  flowers  in 
autumn. 

Moire,  1844.     Fawn  and  rose. 

Vigneron,  1880.     Carmine-rose. 

Liabaud,  1864.    Very  deepcrim- 


CATALOGUE   OE   VARIETIES. 


267 


Name  of  Variety,  andi 
Habit  of  Growth. 


cenne,    free  or 
mod. 

717.  Monsieur  E. 
Y.  Teas,  mod. 
or  dwf. 

718.  Monsieur  Pil- 
lion, mod. 

719.  Monsieur  Fur 
tado,  free  or 
mod. 


720.  Monsieur  Jard, 
free. 

721.  Monsieurjour 
naux,  vig. 

722.  Monsieur  Jules 
Monges. 

723.  Monsieur   No- 
man,  dwf. 


724.  Monsieur 
Thouvenel. 

725.  Monthly  Cab- 
bage. 

726.  Mrs.  Baker, 
mod. 

727.  Mrs.      Bosan- 
quet,  mod. 

72S.  Mrs.  Elliott, 
free. 

729.  M  rs.  Harry 
Turner,  mod. 


Class. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


B. 
H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 
Beng. 
H.R. 
Beng. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


son,  double,  medium  size  ;  a 
good  rose,  but  now  displaced 
by  Baron  de  Bonstetten. 

E,  Verdier,  1874.  Carmine- 
crimson,  large,  fine,  globular 
form,  highly  scented  ;  a  superb 
rose. 

Gonod,  1876.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Carmine- 
rose,  not  of  first  quality. 

Laffay,  1863.  Yellow,  medium 
or  small  size,  well  formed,  very 
full  ;  an  exquisite  sort,  of 
good  habit,  not  nearly  so 
much  grown  as  it  deserves. 

Guillot  pere,  1857.  Red,  tinged 
with  violet. 

Marest,  1868.     Brilliant  red. 

Guillot  fils,  1881.  Carmine- 
rose,  cupped  form. 

Guillot  pere,  1866.  Raised  from 
ytiles  Margotlin.  Rose  color, 
often  delicately  mottled,  beau- 
tiful globular  form.  Unreli- 
able, but  magnificent  when  in 
perfection. 

Vigneron,  1880.  Velvety  red, 
flat  form. 

Violet  rose,  somewhat  fragrant. 

Turner,  1875.  Belongs  to  the  Vic- 
tor Vei-dieriy^Q.    Carmine- red. 

Madam  Pean.  Rosy-flesh,  very 
productive. 

Laffay,  1840.  Rose  color,  double, 
generally  seven  leaflets  ;  of 
second  quality. 

Laxton,  1880.  (Sent  out  by 
Turner.)    Raised  from  Charles 


2G8 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


730.  Mrs.      Hovey, 
vig. 

731.  Mrs.  Jowitt. 


732.  Mrs.    Laxton 
dwf. 


733.  Mrs.    O  p  i  e, 
mod. 

734.  Mrs.  Pierce 
vig. 

735.  Mrs    Standish, 
dwf. 

736.  Nancy    Lee, 
dwf. 


737.  Narcisse,  mod, 
{Enfant  de  Ly- 
on). 

738.  Nardy  Freres^ 
free. 


P. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

T. 

P. 

H.R. 

H.T. 


H.R. 


Lefebvre  X  Alfred  de  Ronge- 
mont.  Scarlet-crimson,  a  splen- 
did bright  color  ;  a  very  prom- 
ising surt. 

Pierce.  1850.  Blu>b,ch mq^in/?  to 
white,  resembles  Baltimore 
Belle,  but  is  hardier  ;  a  valu- 
able climl.ing  rose. 

Cranston,  18S0.  From  Marie 
Rady  X  Due  de  Rohan.  Crim- 
son, tinged  with  lake. 

Laxton,  1878.  (Sent  out  by 
G.  Paul.)  Raised  from  Ma- 
dame Victor  Verdier.  Rosy- 
crimson,  beautiful  form, 

Bell  &  Son,  1877.    Salmon-rose. 

Pierce,  1850.     Blush. 

Trouillard,  i860.  Belongs  to 
the  Giant  of  Battles  iy^e.  Deep 
crimson,  tinged  with  purple. 

Bennett,  1879.  From  Alba  Rosea 
X  Edward  Morrcn.  Satiny- 
rose,  a  delicate  and  lovely 
shade,  medium  or  small  size, 
beautiful  buds,  highly  scented; 
giowth  slender,  inclined  to 
mildew.  Were  this  of  vigorous 
growth  and  good  constitution, 
it  would  be  a  variety  of  great 
value. 

1845  Yellow,  an  inferior  Alon- 
sieur  Furtado, 

Ducher,  i865.  Supposed  to  be 
a  seedling  from  Madame  Boll. 
Violet-red,  a  very  distinct 
variety,  but  of  too  perishable 
a  color  to  have  any  value. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


269 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


739.  Nina,  mod. 

740.  Niphetos,  dwf. 


741.  N  u  i  t  s       d  e 
Young,  mod. 

742.  Oderic    Vital, 
vig. 


743.  Odorata,  free. 
{Blus/t  Tea.) 


744.  CEillet     Flam 
and,  free. 


745.  CEillet  Parfait, 
mod. 

Old  Yellow  Tea. 

746.  Olga    Marix, 
mod. 

747.  Olivier    Del- 
homme,  free. 

748.  Ophelia,  mod, 

749.  Ophirie,  vig. 


M. 
H.R. 

T. 


Fr. 


Prov. 

T. 
H.N. 

H.R. 

T. 

N. 


Blush,  loose  flowers  :  not  of 
value. 

1844.  White,  sometimes  tinged 
with  pale  yellow,  long,  large 
buds,  the  petals  thick  and 
durable.  A  very  beautiful 
variety  for  growing  under 
glass,  it  is  entirely  unsuited 
for  growing  in  open  air. 

Laffay,  1S51.  Purplish-red,  a 
sullied  shade. 

Oger,  1858.  A  sport  from  Bar- 
onne  Fr/vost.  A  little  lighter 
in  color  than  the  parent,  the 
liabit  is  the  same. 

Of  Chinese  origin,  brought  to 
England  in  1810.  Carmine, 
fading  to  blush,  large  flower;:, 
somewhat  loose  but  good  in 
the  bud  ;  one  of  the  most  fra- 
grant. The  larger  number  of 
the  Teas  are  descendants  of 
this  sort. 

Vibert,  1845.  White,  striped 
with  rose,  like  a  variegated 
carnation,  double  flowers,  of 
medium  size  ;  the  foliage  is 
very  daik. 

Foulard,  1841.  Blush,  striped 
with  violet-rose ;  inferior  to 
the  preceding  sort. 

S<^e  Flavescens. 

Schwartz,  1873.  Rosy-flesh, 
changing  to  white  ;  inferior. 

V.  Verdier,  1861.  Brilliant  red, 
large,  well  formed. 

Ducher,  1873.  Yellow,  medium 
size,  full. 

Goubault,  1844.  Nasturtium- 
yellow,  suffused  with  coppery- 


(. 


270 


THE    ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


750.   Oriflamme    de 
St.  Louis,  free. 


751.  Oscar  Leclerc, 
mod. 

752.  Oxonian,  mod. 


753.  Paeonia,  free. 


754.  Pallida. 

755.  Panache  d'Or- 
leans,  vig. 


756.  Paquerette, 
mod. 


757.   Paul    Jamain, 
free. 


H.R. 

P.M. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


P. 
H.R. 


Pol. 


H.R. 


red,  medium  size,  double  ;  a 
very  distinct  sort,  but  very 
shy. 

1858.  Raised  from  General  Jac- 
queminot. Brilliant  crimson  ; 
resembles  the  parent,  but  is 
inferior  to  it. 

Robert,  1853.  Red  tinged  with 
violet,  in  the  way  of  Madame 
Bouton. 

Turner,  1875.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdieriy^e.  Rosy- red, 
somewhat  fragrant,  large  size  ; 
the  only  one  of  the  type  that 
has  perfume. 

Lacharme,  1855.  Red,  very  large 
or  large,  full,  fragiant,  a  free 
bloomer  ;  bushy  habit,  dark 
lustrous  foliage,  numerous 
pale  red  thorns.  A  fine  gar- 
den rose,  but  not  quite  up  to 
exhibition   standard. 

Feast,  1843.  Blush,  much  re- 
sembling Stiperba. 

Dauvesse,  1S54.  A  sport  from 
Baronne  Prevos:.  Identical 
with  the  parent  sort,  except 
that  the  flowers  are  striped 
with  rosy-white.  It  is  not  con- 
stant, soon  running  back  to 
the  original. 

Guillot  tils,  1S75.  Pure  white, 
about  one  inch  in  diameter, 
full,  prettily  formed,  recalling 
blossoms  of  the  double  flower- 
ing cherrv  ;  tliero  are  five  to 
seven  leaflets,  the  growth  is 
slender. 

Jamain,  1878.  Belongs  to  the 
Charles  Lefebvre  type.     Crim- 


CATALOGUE    OF   VAKIETIBS. 


271 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


758.   Paul    Joseph, 

B. 

free. 

759.   Paul    Nabon- 

T. 

nand,  free. 

760.   Paul    Neyron, 

H.R 

vig. 

[vig. 

761.  Paul  Perras, 

762.  Paul   Ricaut, 
free  or  vig. 


763,  Paul  Verdier, 
vig. 

764.  Pauline    Lan- 
sezeur,  mod. 


H.Ch. 
H.Ch. 


H.Ch. 
H.R. 


765.  Pauline  Tala-I  H.R. 
bot,  free. 

766.  Peach  Bios-   H.R. 
som,  mod. 


son,  slightly  tinged  with  violet- 
red.     Very  similar  to  Charles 
Lefebvre. 
Portemer,  1842.     Violet-red. 

Nabonnand,  1877    Satiny-rose. 

Levet,  1869.  Y  mm  Vic  (or  Verdier 
X  Anne  de  Diesbach.  Deep 
rose,  very  large,  very  full, 
somewhat  fragrant,  free-bloom- 
ing ;  the  wood  is  nearly 
smooth,  the  foliage  tough  and 
enduring,  somewhat  tender, 
the  growth  is  very  upright. 
The  largest  variet)'  known, 
and  a  very  desirable  sort  for 
the  garden. 

Pale  rose,  large,  full. 

Portemer,  1845.  Carmine-crim- 
son, medium  size,  fine  glob- 
ular form  ;  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  summer  roses. 

C.  Verdier,  1866.  Carmine-red, 
large,  globular  flowers,  well 
built ;  a  splendid  sort. 

Lansezeur,  1855.  Red,  shaded 
with  violet-crimson,  medium 
size,  free  blooniing. 

E.  Verdier,  1873.  Carmine- 
red. 

W.  Paul,  1874.  Belongs  to  the 
Jttles  Margottin  type.  Mottled 
pink,  a  fine  color,  many  im- 
perfect blooms  ;  there  arc 
others  of  this  type  like  Com- 
tesse  de  Serenye,  Egeria,  and 
Alargu^rite  de  St.  Aniande,  of 
nearly  the  same  shade,  that 
are  greatly  superior. 


272 


THE    KOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


X 


767.  Pearl,  dwf. 


768.  Penelope 
Mayo,  mod. 

769.  Perfection  de 
M  o  n  p  1  a  i  s  i  r, 
mod. 

770.  Perfection  des 
Blanches,  free. 

771.  Perle  d'  An- 
gers, mod. 

772.  Perle  des 
Blanches,  mod. 

773.  Perle  des  Jar- 
dins,  free. 


774.  Perle  de  Lyon, 
mod. 


775.  Perpetual 
White  Moss, 
free. 


H.T. 

H.R. 
T. 

H.N. 

B. 
H.N. 


T. 


M. 


Bennett,  1879.  From  President 
X  Cofntesee  de  Serenye.  Rosy- 
flesh,  small,  full,  pretty  buds, 
with  a  decided  Bourbon  fra- 
grance ;  growth  very  slender, 
subject  to  mildew. 

Davis,  1878.  (Sent  out  by  Tur- 
ner.) Carmine-red,  full,  well- 
shaped  flowers. 

Levet,  1871.  Yellow,  a  good 
Tea,  which  may  be  described 
as  an  improved  Canary  ;  like 
that  sort  it  is  delicate. 

Schwartz,  1873.  White,  a  good 
sort,  but  inferior  to  Coquette 
des  Alpes. 

Moreau-Robert,  1879.     Blush. 

Lacharme,  1872.  From  Blanche 
Lafitte  X  Sappho.  White,  in- 
ferior to  others  of  the  type. 

Levet,  1874.  Canary-yellow, 
large  or  very  large,  full,  well 
formed,  stiif  stems,  very  free  ; 
the  leaflets  are  five  to  seven  in 
number,  deeply  serrated,  very 
dark  and  glaucous.  A  superb 
sort  for  forcing,  and  fine  also 
in  open  air. 

Ducher,  1872.  Yellow  with 
saffron  centre,  large,  full,  very 
fragrant  ;  fully  as  fine  in  qual- 
ity as  the  preceding,  but  so 
subject  to  mildew  as  to  be 
worthless  to  ordinary  cultiva- 
tors. 

Laff'ay.  A  sport  from  White  Da- 
mask.  White,  tinged  with 
flesh,  flowers  in  clusters,  me- 
dium size,  semi-double  or 
double,  coarse  form  ;  but  little 


CATALOGUE   OF    VARIETIES. 


2^3 


Namk  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


Class. 


776.   Persian      Yel 
low,  free. 


777.  Pierre  Guillot, 
mod. 

778.  Pierre  Notting, 
free. 


779.  Pierre  Seletzki, 
78o.Pius  the  Ninth, 
vig. 

781.  Portland 
Blanche,  free. 

782.  Prefet  Lim- 
bourg,  vig. 


A. 


H.T. 
H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 


Dam. 


H.R. 


mossed,  unattractive  either  in 
bud  or  flower  ;  the  name  is  a 
deception,  as  it  very  rarely 
blooms  in  the  autumn.  Great- 
ly inferior  to  Whi/e  Baih,  and 
also  Comtesse  de  Alurinais. 

Introduced  from  Persia  by  H. 
Willock,  in  1S30.  Bright) el- 
low,  small,  nearly  full,  well 
formed  ;  small  foliage,  faintly 
scented  like  the  Sweetbrier; 
seven  leaflets  ;  the  wood  is 
chocolate-brown  in  color,  arm- 
ed with  numerous  brown 
thorns  ;  it  is  the  finest  of  all 
hardy  yellow  roses.  It  must 
not  be  closely  pruned  ;  it  is 
desirable  to  grow  more  than 
one  plant,  and  by  pruning  one 
this  year,  in  the  usual  way,  and 
the  other  the  next,  annual 
crops  of  flowers  may  be  had. 
Does  not  grow  from  cuttings. 

Guillot  fils,  1879.  Deep  red,  fra- 
grant and  good, 

Portemer,  1863.  Deep  crimson, 
tinged  with  violet,  large,  or 
very  large,  fine,  globular  form, 
highly  scented  ;  the  most 
beautiful  dark  rose,  after  Louis 
Van  Hotctte. 

Levet,  1872.     Violet-red. 

Vibert,  1849.  Violet-rose,  a  very 
sullied  shade,  flat  form,  very 
full,  free  blooming,  very  hardy. 

Vibert,  1836.  White,  tinged  with 
flesh,  large,  very  full,  flat  form; 
often  comes  with  green  centre. 

Margottin  fils,  1878.  Crimson, 
tinged  with  violet,  double,  or 
full  :  a  rose  of  fine  color. 


274 


THE    HOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


783.  President. 

784.  President  Leon 
d  e  St.  Jean, 
mod. 

785.  President  Lin- 
coln, free. 


T. 
H.R. 

H.R. 


7S6.  President  Mas,'  H.R. 
free. 


787.  President   H.R. 
Schlachter,  free 


or  vig. 
7-88.   President 
Thiers,  dvvf. 


789.  Pride  of  Wal 
tham,  mod. 


790.  Prince  Arthur, 
free. 


791.  Prince  Ca.mille 
d  e  Rohan, 
free. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


792.  Prince  de  Por- 
tia, free. 


H.R. 


860.  (Sent  out  by  W.  Paul.) 
See  Adam. 

Lacharme,  1875.  Raised  from 
Charles  Lefehvre.  This  is  sim- 
ply an  inferior  Charles  Lffeb- 
vre,x\o\.  worihy  of  cultivation. 

Granger,  1863.  Vermilion-red, 
tinged  with  crimson,  the  flow- 
ers are  much  like  General 
Washington,  but  inferior  in 
quality  to  that  variety,  the 
habit  of  growth  is  stronger. 

Guillotfils,  1865.  Raised  from 
Tiiomphe  de  I'Exposition.  Red, 
shaded  with  crimson,  often 
comes  with  bad  centre. 

E.  Verdier,  1877.  Reddish  crim- 
son, tinged  with  violet. 

Lacharme,  1871.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  t)  pe.  Carmine- 
red,  one  of  the  darkest  colored 
in  the  type. 

W.  Paul,  t88i,  Belongs  to  the 
VictorVerdier  type.  Flesh  color, 
shaded  with  rose,  a  deeper 
shade  than  Evgenie   Verdier. 

Cant,  1875.  Belongs  to  the 
General  Jacqueininot  t)'pe. 
Deep  crimson,  smaller  but 
better  formed  than  Jacque- 
minot. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Very  deep 
velvety-crimson,  large,  mod- 
erately full,  habit  bon;ewhat 
spreading,  shy  in  autumn.  A 
good  rose,  of  splendid  color. 

E.  Verdier,  1S65.  Vermilion, 
large,  full,  well  forn:ed,  one  of 
the   most  fragrant,   somewhat 


CATALOGUE   OF   VAKIETIES. 


275 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


793.  Prince  Hum- 
bert, free  or 
mod, 

794.  Prince  Leon, 
mod. 

795.  Prince  of 
Wales,  mod. 


796.  Prince  Paul 
Demidoff,  free. 

797.  Prince  Pros- 
pe  r  d'A  r  e  m- 
berg. 

79S.  Princess  Ade- 
laide, vig. 


799.  Princess  Alice, 
vig. 

800.  Princess  An- 
toinette Stroz- 
zio,  free. 

801.  Princess  Bea- 
trice, mod. 


802.  Princess  Char- 
lotte de  la  Tre- 
mouille,  mod. 


803.   P  r  i  n  c  e  s  s 
Christian,  mod. 


H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 


M. 

M. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


subject  to   mildew.     A  splen- 
did variety. 
Margottin,  1867.   Crimson,  large, 
well  formed,  excellent. 

Marest,     1852.       Rosy-crimson, 

stiff,  short  wood. 
Laxton,    1869.     (Sent  out  by  G. 

Paul.)    From  Louise  Pey/onny 

X   Victor  Verdier.     Pink,  very 

large,  double. 
Guillot  fils,  1873.     Satiny-rose. 


Soupert  &  Notting,  1880. 
mon-red. 


Sal- 


Laffay,  1845.  Pale  rose,  me- 
dium size,  not  very  moss)',  but 
good  in  bud  and  flower  ;  dark 
foliage,  which  is  often  varie- 
gated. 

W.  Paul,  1853.  Raised  from 
Luxembourg.  Violet-rose,  not 
well  mossed. 

E.  Verdier,  1874.  Red,  large, 
full,  well  formed  ;  slighily  in 
the  way  of  Marie  Rady. 

W.  Paul,  1872.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Pink, 
globular  flowers  ;  fades  quickly 
and  is  not  desirable. 

Leveque,  1877.  Pale  satiny- 
rose,  medium  size,  full,  some- 
what fragrant  ;  not  of  first 
quality,  but  very  free  bloom- 
ing, and  therefore  of  some 
value. 

W.  Paul,  1870.  Salmon-rose, 
does  not  open  well  ;  worth- 
less. 


276 


THE    ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


804.  Princess 
Clem  en  t  i  n  e, 
vig. 

805.  P  r  i  n  cess 
Louise,  mod. 


806.  P  r  i  n  c  ess 
Louise  Vic- 
toria, vig. 

807.  Princess  Marie 
Dolgorou  ky, 
free. 

808.  Princess  Mary 
of  Cambridge 
mod. 


809.   Princess    Ma 
thilde,  mod. 


10 

Princess  of 
Wales,  free. 

H.R 

11. 

Professor 
Koch,  free. 

H.R 

12. 

Pumila,  free, 
[bra,  mod. 

N. 

13- 

Purpurea  Ru- 

M. 

14. 

Queen   Elean 
or,    mod.    or 
free. 

H.R. 

H.Cl, 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


Vibert,  1842.  A  beautiful  white 
rose,  much  resembling,  but 
not  equalling,  Blanchcjieur. 

Laxton,  1869.  (Sent  out  by  G. 
Paul.)  Raised  from  Mme. 
Vidot  X  Virginal.  Blush,  me- 
dium size,  good. 

Knight,  1872.  Salmon-pink, 
medium  size,  fine  globular 
form,  not  fragrant  ;  dark  fo- 
liage, wood  nearly  smooth. 
A  splendid  rose. 

Gonod.  1S78.  Raised  from  Anne 
de  Diesbach.  Satiny-rose,  very 
large. 

Granger,  1866.  (Sent  out  by  G. 
Paul.)  Y xom  Duchess  of  Suth- 
erland X  Jules  Margottin.  Sal- 
mon-pink, often  mottled  ;  a 
fine  sort,  now  surpassed  by 
Countess  of  Serenye  and  Egeria. 

Liabaud,  i860.  (Sent  out  by 
Jean  Pernet.)  Burgundy- 
crimson,  a  lovely  shade,  me- 
dium size,  double,  never  full. 
It  seems  as  though  this  must 
be  the  founder  of  the  Baron 
de  Bonstetten  type. 

W.  Paul,  1S64.  Crimson,  cup- 
ped form,  double. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Cherr)'-red, 
medium  size,  double,  erect 
growth,  liable  to  mildew. 

Origin  and  raiser  unknown. 
Salmon-rose,  seeming  to  have 
Safrano  blood,  very  free. 

Purplish-red,  a  bad  color. 

W.  Paul,  1876.  Pink,  tinged 
with  magenta-red,  large,  full, 
well  formed  ;  wood  and  thorns 
light  green.     A  very  beautiful 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


277 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


815.  Queen      of 
Ayrshires,  vig. 

816.  Queen  of  Bed- 
ders,  dwf. 


Ay. 
B. 


[7.  Q  u  ee  n      of     B. 
Bourbons 
mod.  or  dwf. 


I18.  Queen     of 
Queens. 


819.  Queen   of  the 
Belgians,  vig. 

820.  Queen  of  the 
Prairies,  vig. 


821.   Queen  of  Wal- 
tham,  mod. 


822.  Queen's  Scar- 
let, mod. 

823.  Queen    Vic- 
toria, mod. 


824.  R .    Dudley 
Baxter. 

825.  Red    Dragon, 
free. 


H.R. 

Ay. 
P. 

H.R. 

Beng. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


rose  when  perfect,  but  sparse- 
ly produced  and  not  reliable. 

Rivers.  Violet-crimson,  semi- 
double,  small. 

Noble,  1877,  Raised  from  Sir 
y.  Paxton.  Crimson,  medium 
size,  very  full  ;  a  free  flower- 
ing sort.  The  color  is  not 
very  durable. 

Mauger,  1834.  Fawn  and  rose, 
medium  or  small  size,  fra- 
grant, very  free  ;  of  delicate 
habit. 

W.  Paul,  1882.  "Pink,  with 
blush  edges,  large  and  full, 
and  of  perfect  form  ;  grows 
and  flowers  freely." 

White,  small,  double. 

Feast,  1843.  Rosy  -  red,  fre- 
quently with  white  stripe,  me- 
dium or  large  size,  double ; 
foliage  large,  five  leaflets, 
quite  deeply  serrated. 

W.  Paul,  1875.  Cherry-red,  of 
good  size,  very  fragrant,  does 
not  bloom  till  late  ;  a  variety 
of  fair  quality. 

Hallock  &  Tho'rpe.  1880.  Crim- 
son, seems  to  be  an  improved 
AgHppina. 

Foniaine,  1850.  (Sent  out  by 
W.  Paul  )  Raised  from  La 
Reine.  Blush  with  pink  cen- 
tre, large,  very  full,  globular  ; 
does  not  open  well. 

W.  Paul,  1879.  Maroon,  large 
size. 

W.  Paul,  1878.  Crimson,  large, 
rather  loose  flowers  ;  not  val- 
uable. 


278 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


826.  Red  Gauntlet. 

827.  Red   Rover, 
vig. 

Red  Safrano, 

828.  ReineBlanche, 
mod. 

829.  ReineBlanche. 
mod. 

830.  ReineBlanche, 
mod. 

831.  Reine  de  Por- 
tugal, mod. 


832.  Reine  d  e  s 
Massifs,  vi^. 

833.  Reine  desVio- 
lettes,  free. 

834.  Reine  du  Mi- 
di, free  or  vig. 

835.  Reine  Emma 
des  Pays  Bas, 
free. 

836.  Reine  Maria 
Pia,  vig. 

837.  Reine  Marie 
Henriette,  vig. 


838.  Reve  d'Or, 
free. 

839.  Rev.  J.  B.  M. 
Camm,  mod. 


H.R. 
H.Cl, 

T. 

M. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


N. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 

CI.T. 

Cl.T. 


N. 
H.R. 


W.  Paul  &  Son,  1881.     Crimson. 

W.  Paul,  1863.  Red,  tinged 
with  crimson. 

See  Safrano  a  fleur  Rouge. 

Robert,  1858.  White,  a  shy 
blooming  sort. 

Damaizin,  1868.  Raised  from 
La  Rcme.    Blush,  well -formed. 

Croz3%  1869.  Raised  from  Vic- 
tor Verdier.  Flesh-white,  shad- 
ed with  rose. 

Guillot  fils,  1867.  Coppery- 
yellow,  blending  with  rose, 
large,  very  full  ;  an  eminently 
distinct  sort,  but  does  not  open 
well. 

Levet,  1874.  Salmon -yellow, 
medium  size. 

Mille-Mallet,  i860.  Raised  from 
Pius  the  Ninth.  Violet-red,  a 
muddy  color. 

Robert,  1868.  The  same  as  La 
Reine,  though  supposed  by 
some  to  be  larger  and  fuller. 

Nabonnand,  1879.  Yellow,  shad- 
ed with  reddish  salmon. 

Schv/artz,  1880.  Raised  from 
Gloire  de  Dijon,  Deep  rose, 
the  centre  reddish  crimson. 

Levet,  1878.  Yrom  Mme.  BSard 
X  Gen.  Jacqiiejuinot.  Cher- 
ry-red, a  pure  shade,  large, 
double,  somewhat  fragrant  ;  a 
beautiful,  but  rather  unpro- 
ductive sort. 

Ducher,  1869.  Buff-yellow,  me- 
dium size,  full. 

Turner,  1875.  Belong?;  to  the 
Jules Margottin  type.  Carmine- 
rose,  a  fine    enduring    shade, 


CATALOGUE   OF  VARIETIES. 


279 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


840.   Richard    Lax 
ton,  free. 


841.  Richard  Smith, 
mod. 


842.  Ricliard  Wal- 
lace, free. 

843.  Rivers,  free. 

844.  Robert   Mar 
nock,    free    or 
vig. 

845.  Rose  du  Roi, 
mod.  {Crimson 
Perpetual?) 


H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

Dam. 


846.  Rosieriste   H.R. 
Harms,  free. 


847.  R  osieriste  H.R. 
Jacobs,  free. 

848.  Rosy  Morn,   H.R. 
dwf. 


849.  Royal     Stand- 
ard, mod. 


H.R. 


large  or   medium    size,   semi- 
globular  form  ;  one  of  the  most 
fragrant    and    free    blooming. 
A  superb  rose. 
Laxton,    1878.        (Sent    out    by 
Turner.)       Reddish -crimson, 
large,  full  ;    somewhat  resem- 
bles Alardchal  VaUlant. 
E.  Verdier,    1861.      Belongs  to 
the     Gen.    Jacqueminot    type. 
Crimson,  tinged  with  purple, 
not  valuable. 
Leveque,  1871.     Red,  very  large  ; 

not  of  first  quality; 
Laffay,  1839,     Rose  color,  large, 

flat  form,  not  valuable. 
G.  Paul,  1878.     Belongs    to  the 
Duke     of     Edinburgh      type. 
Browrnish-crimsoti,  double,  not 
free  in  autumn. 
Lelieur,  1812.     Bright  crimson, 
large,  double,    very    fragrant  ; 
occasionally    blooms    in    au- 
tumn. 
E.  Verdier,  1879.     Velvety-red, 
shaded  with  crimson,  slightly 
resembling  Mrne.    Victor    Ver- 
dier. 
Madame  Ducher,  1880.      Bright 

red. 
W.  Paul,  1878.  Belongs  to  the 
Victor  Verdier  type.  Salmon- 
pink,  a  deeper  shade  than 
Eugenie  Verdier;  peculiar 
wood  and  foliage  more  like 
Captain  Christy  than  any  other 
variety.  A  good  rose,  but  with 
too  many  imperfect  bloom*;. 
Turner,  1874.  Satiny  -  rose, 
tinged  with  lilac,  a  large,  well- 
formed,  globular  flower. 


280 


THE    ROSK. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


850.  Royal     Tea 
mod. 

851.  Rubens,  mod. 

852.  Rubens,    free. 


853.  Rugosa  Alba, 
vig. 

854.  Rugosa  Rubra, 
vig. 


T. 


H.R. 


855.    S.     Reynolds 
Hole.  mod. 


856.  Safrano,    free. 


857.  Safrano  a  fleur 
Rouge,  mod. 
{Red  Safrano.) 


H.R. 


White,    faintly  tinged  with    yel- 
low, long,  beautiful  buds,  del- 
icate habit. 
LafFay,  1852.     Bright  red,  a  fine 

color,  flowers  loose. 
Moreau  -  Robert,    1859.       Rosy- 
flesh,  deeper  at    centre,  large, 
full,  well   formed,    fine  in  the 
bud.     An  excellent  variety. 

A  species  from  Japan,  intro- 
duced some  years  ago.  White, 
large  size,  five  petals,  Iragrant. 
A  beautiful  single  rose. 

Also  from  Japnn.  Deep  rose, 
tinged  with  violet,  single, 
fragrant.  The  flowers  are 
succeeded  by  very  bright  col- 
ored heps  of  large  size,  which 
in  the  autumn  are  exceedingly 
attractive.  The  leaflets  are 
nine  in  number,  of  dark  color, 
very  tough  and  durable.  These 
two  kinds  are  splendid  shrubs 
for  borders. 

G.  Paul,  1872.  Maroon,  flushed 
with  scarlet-crimson,  medium 
size,  full,  well  formed  ;  shy  in 
the  autumn  and  subject  to 
mildew.  A  rose  of  great 
beauty  but  not  at  all  adapted 
to  general  cultivation, 

Beauregard,  1839.  Saflfron  and 
apricot -yellow,  large,  semi- 
double,  exceedingly  beautiful 
in  the  bud,  very  free.  The  seed 
organs  are  better  developed 
than  in  almost  any  other  kind. 

Oger,  1868.  Belongs  to  the  6a/>-a- 
;/^type.  SaflTron-yellow,  shaded 
with  coppery  red,  semi-double; 
a  peculiar  scent,  not  pleasing. 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


281 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


858.  Saint   George, 
mod. 

859.  Salet,  free. 


860.  Sanguine  a, 

mod. 
86i.SenateufVaisse, 

mod. 


S62.  S  e  t  i  n  a,  free. 


Seven  Sisters. 
S63.  Sir    Garnet 
Wolseley,  vig. 
or  free. 


864.  SirJ  oseph 
Paxton,  free. 


865.  Socrates,  free. 


866.  Soeur  des  An 
ges,  mod. 

867.  Solfaterre,  vig, 
(A  ugusla. ) 


H.R. 
P.M. 

Beng. 
H.R. 


B. 


Mult. 
H.R. 


B. 


H.R. 

N. 


W.  Paul,  1874.  Crimson,  shaded 
with  purple. 

Lacharme,  1854.  Light  rose, 
medium  size,  flat  form,  fairly- 
good  buds,  very  free.  The 
best  in  the  class,  after  Soupert 
(St*  Notting. 

Crimson,  medium  or  small  size. 
An  inferior  Agrippina. 

Guillot  pere,  1859.  Raised  from 
General  Jacqueiniftot.  Red, 
shaded  with  carmine-crimson, 
large,  full,  well  formed,  highly 
scented.  A  fine  rose,  but  now 
surpassed  hy  Mons.  E.Y.  Teas. 

P.  Henderson,  1859.  A  sport 
from  Hennosa.  Identical  with 
the  parent,  except  that  the 
habit  is  a  little  more  vigorous. 

SecGreville. 

Cranston,  1875.  Said  to  be  a 
seedling  from  Prince  Camille. 
[We  doubt  this  parentage.] 
Nearly  identical  with  Maurice 
Bernardin ;  the  flowers  may 
be  a  little  superior  in  finish, 
but  they  are  less  freely  pro- 
duced. 

Laffay,  1852.  Deep  red,  slightly 
tinged  with  violet,  medium 
size,  well  formed,  non-au- 
tumnal. 

Moreau  -  Robert.  1858.  Deep 
rose,  tinged  with  fawn,  large 
or  medium  size,  double  or 
full.     Quite  a  good  Tea. 

Oger,  1863.  A  sport  from  Du- 
chesse  d'  Orle'ans.  Flesh,  shaded 
with  lilac;  not  valuable. 

Boycan,  1843.  Raised  fromZ^- 
marqiie.  Sulphur-yellow, large, 


282 


THE   BOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


868.  Sombreuil, 
vig. 


869.  Soupertet  Net- 
ting, dwf. 


870.  Souvenir  d'A- 
dolphe  Thiers, 
mod. 

871.  Souvenird'Au- 
guste  Riviere, 
free. 

872.  Souvenir  d'El- 
ise  V  a  r  d  o  n, 
mod. 


873,  Souvenir  de 
Georges  Sand, 
free. 

874.  Souvenir    de 


P.M. 


H.R. 

H.R. 
T. 


double  or  full,  slightly  fra- 
grant. An  excellent  climbing 
rose,  and  valuable  as  a  stock 
on  which  to  bud  Teas. 

Moreau-Robert,  1851.  Evidently 
of  Buurbon  parentage  on  one 
side.  Creamy  -  white,  often 
tinted  with  pink,  large  or  very 
large,  full,  well  formed  ;  the 
hardiest  and  most  vigorous  of 
the  white  Teas,  and  free  from 
mildew.  A  valuable  sort  for 
culture  in  the  open  air. 

Pernet,  1874.  Ruse  color,  very 
large,  very  full,  globular  form, 
highly  scented,  not  very 
mossy,  a  true  ever-blooming 
rose,  five  leaflets  only.  The 
flowers  are  sometimes  mal- 
formed, but  they  are  infinitely 
superior  to  all  others  of  the 
same  class. 

Moreau-Robert,  1877.  Raised 
ivo\n  Countess  of  Oxford.  Red, 
tinged  with  vermilion,  very 
large. 

£.  Verdier,  1877.  Belongs  to 
the  Pnjice  Camille  type.  Vel- 
vety-crimson. 

Mare'st,  1855.  Flesh  color, 
shaded  with  rosy  -  salmon, 
large,  full ;  highly  esteemed  in 
England,  but  we  have  never 
admired  it  ;  refinement  is  lack- 
ing in  the  flower. 

Madame  Ducher,  1876.  Salmon 
and  rose,  reverse  of  petals 
tinged  with  lilac,  badly  form- 
ed. 

Boll,  1854.      A    hybrid    Scotch, 


CATALOGUE   OF   VAlilETIES. 


283 


Namr  of  Vakietv,  and 

Class. 

Habit  of  Gkowth. 

Henry    Clay, 

Rose  color,  small  or  medium 

free. 

size,  gives  some  blooms  in  the 
autumn. 

875.     Souvenir    de 

B. 

Beluze,  1843.       Supposed  to  be 

la   Malmaison, 

a  seedling  from  Madajjie  Dcs- 

mod. 

prez.  Flesh  shaded  with  fawn, 
large,  very  full,  flat  form,  rich 
foliage.       A  splendid  rose. 

876.  Souvenir  de  la 

H.R. 

Cochet,  1855.      Raised  from    La 

Reine    d'    An- 

Reine.   Bright  rose,  very  large. 

gleterre,vig.  or 

double  ;  shy  in  autumn. 

Iree. 

877.  Souvenir     de 

H.R. 

Cochet,  1855.    Carmine  red,  me- 

la    Reine     des 

dium   size,  good  color,  rather 

Beiges,  mod.  or 

tender. 

free. 

878.  Souven  i  r  d  e 

H.R. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.      Violet-crim- 

Laffay. 

son. 

879.  Souve  n  i  r  de 

H.R. 

Guillot  pere,  1852.       Deep-rose, 

Leveson   Gov/- 

very    large,    double,   or    full, 

er,  free. 

fine  flowers  ;  quite  tender,  and 
subject  to  mildew. 

880.  Souven  i  r  de 

H.R. 

E.  Verdier,   1876.     Bright  crim- 

Louis   Van 

son,    sometimes    tinged    with 

Houtte,  free. 

violet,  well  formed,  quite  a 
good  rose. 

881.  Souve  n  i  r  d  e 

H.R. 

Moreau-Robert,     1876.      Raised 

Mme.    Robert, 

from  Jules  Margottin.  Salmon- 

free  or  vig. 

pink. 

882.  Souve  n  i  r  d  e 

T. 

Madame  Ducher,  1877.  Salmon- 

Marie    Detrey, 

rose  ;  of   inferior   quality,  not 

free. 

worth  growing. 

8S3.  Souve  n  i  r  d  e 

H.R. 

Boyeiu,  1866.   Cherry-red,  large. 

Mons.  Boll, 

very  full. 

mod.  or  free. 

884.  Souve  n  i  r  de 

H.R. 

M.adame    Ducher,     1880.      Car- 

Mons. Droche. 

mine-rose,  double. 

885.   Souve  n  ir  de 

T. 

Levet,  1871.     Said   to  be  a  seed- 

Paul    Neyron, 

ling  from  the  Noisette  Ophirie. 

mod. 

Pale  salmon-yellow,    medium 

284 


THE   ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


886.  Souven  i  r  d  e 
Pierre  Dupuy, 
vig. 

887.  Souve  n  i  r  d  e 
Mme.  Pernet, 
vig. 


Souven  i  r  d  e 
Spa,  mod. 


889.  Souve  n  i  r  d  e 
Victor  Verdier, 
free  or  inod. 

890.  Souve  n  i  r  d  e 
Wm.  Wood, 
mod. 

891.  Souvenir  d'  un 
Ami,  free. 


892.  Souve  n  i  r  d  u 
Comte  de  Ca- 
vour,  mod. 

893.  Souve  n  i  r  d  u 
Dr.  J  amain, 
free. 

894.  Souve  n  i  r  d  u 
President  Por- 
cher,  mod. 

895.  Sta  n  d  ard  of 
Marengo,  vig. 

896.  Stanwell    Per 
petual,  mod. 


H.Ch 
T. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


S. 


or  small  size  ;  rather  a  good 
rose,  but  too  delicate  to  be 
generally  useful. 

A.  Levet,  1876.  Red,  large, 
globular  flowers,  well  formed, 
fragrant. 

Pernet,  1875.  Tender  rose,  the 
base  of  petals  tinged  with 
yellow,  large  loose  flowers, 
sparsely  produced.  A  dis- 
tinct but  not  valuable  sort. 

Gautreau,  1873.  Raised  from 
Mine.  Victor  Verdier.  Bright 
red,  shaded  with  crimson,  well 
formed. 

E.  Verdier,  1878.  Red,  shaded 
with  violet  crimson,  a  well- 
formed,  good  rose. 

E.  Verdier,  1864.  Belongs  to 
the  Prijice  Camille  type.  A 
fine,  very  dark  crimson,  not 
equalling  Prince  Camille. 

Belot,  1846,  Rose,  tinged  with 
salmon,  very  large,  full,  highly 
perfumed  ;  an  old  favorite 
which  yet  retains  its  high  rank. 

Margottin,  1861.  Red,  shaded 
with  crimson. 

Lacharme,  1865.  Raised  from 
Charles  Lefebvre.  Plum  color, 
shaded  with  deep  crimson. 

T.  Grang6,  iSSo.  (Sent  out  by 
Vigneron.)  Raised  from  Victor 
Verdier.     Deep  rose. 

Guillot  pere,  1851.  Rosy-crim- 
son, double,  fragrant. 

Lee.  Blush,  medium  size, 
double,  delicately  scented, 
foliage    very    small,    nine    to 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


285 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


897.  Star  of  Wal 
tham,  mod.  or 
dwf. 


898.  Stephanie  -  et 
Rodolphe,  vig. 

899.  Sulphureux 
mod. 

9C0.   Sultan  of  Zan- 
zibar, mod. 

901.  Superba,  vig. 

902.  Sydonie,  vig. 


903.  Tatiana    One 
guine,  free. 

904.  The  Shah,  free 


905.  Theodore  Bui 
lier,  free. 

906.  Therese  Gene- 
vay. 

907.  Thomas  Meth- 
ven,  free. 


H.R. 


Cl.T. 

T. 
H.R. 

P. 
H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

T. 
H.R. 


eleven  leaflets  ;  dark  reddish- 
brown  wood,  numerous  small 
spines.  A  hybrid  which  blooms 
in  the  autu:nn. 

W.  Paul,  1875.  Carmine-crim- 
son, medium  size,  semi  glob- 
ular, full,  fragrant ;  very  large 
foliage,  smooth  green  wood, 
with  occasional  red  thorns.  A 
good  rose  but  not  reliable. 

Levet,  1880.  Raised  from  Gloirc 
de  Dijon.    Orange-yellow. 

Ducher,  1869.  Sulphur  yellow, 
medium  size. 

G.  Paul,  1875.  Crimson-maroon, 
in  the  style  of  S.  Keyniolds 
Hole ;  very  unhealthy  habit. 

Feast,  1843.  Pink,  becoming 
blush,  small,  full,  pretty. 

Dorisy,  1846.  Rose  color,  me- 
dium size,  very  full,  quartered 
form,  very  free  blooming,  very 
hardy  ;  five  to  seven  leaflets, 
red  thorns.  Its  poor  shape 
destroys  its  usefulness. 

Leveque,  1881.  Raised  from 
Elizabeth  Vigneron.  Carmine- 
red. 

G.  Paul,  1874.  Raised  from 
Duke  of  Edinburgh.  Red, 
shaded  with  bright  crimson, 
rather  small,  full  ;  a  shy  bloom- 
er, and  subject  to  mildew. 

E.  Verdier,  1879.  Carmine-red, 
tinged  wi.h  violet-criinson. 

Levet,  1875.     Rose,  tinged  with 

fawn. 
E.    Verdier,    1869.     Red,   tinged 
wiih   velvety    crimson,    good 
size,  well  formed  ;  a  fine  rose. 


286 


THE   EOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


908.  Thomas  Mills, 
vig.  or  free. 

909.  Thyra  H  a  m- 
merich,  mod.or 
free. 

910.  T  r  i  o  m  p  h  e 
d'Amiens,  vig. 


911.  T  r  i  o  m  p  h  e 
d'Angers,  mod. 

912.  Triomphe     de 
Beaute,  free. 


913.  Triomphe  de 
Caen,  dwf.  or 
mod. 

914.  Triomphe  de 
France,  dwf. 


915.  Triomphe  de 
Jaussens,  free. 

916.  Triomphe  de 
I'Expos  it  i  o  n 
free. 


917.  Triomphe    de 
Milan,  mod. 


H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 
H.R. 

Fr. 
H.R. 

T. 


E.  Verdier,  1873.  Rosy-crimson, 
very  large,  double ;  a  goud 
garden  variety. 

Ledechaux,  1868.  Raised  from 
Duchess  of  Sutherland.  Rosy- 
Uesh,  large,  well  formed  ;  dis- 
tinct and  good. 

Mille-Mailet,  1861.  A  sport  from 
General  Jacqueminot.  C  ri  m  son, 
sometimes  marbled  and  strip- 
ed with  carmine-purple,  but 
generally  like  the  parent ;  not 
valuable. 

Moreau-Robert,  1863.  Rich 
crimson,  suffused  with  purple. 

Oger,  1853.  Reddish-crimson, 
double,  somewhat  resembles 
General  Jacqueminot,  but  much 
inferior. 

Oger,  1862.  Crimson,  tinged 
v/ith  purple,  a  non  permanent 
shade,  not  desirable. 

Margottin,  1875.  Carmine-red, 
very  large,  very  full,  flat,  fra- 
grant ;  a  fine  sort,  but  not  re- 
liable, and  of  such  poor  growth 
as  to  destroy  its  value. 

Crimson,  large  loose  flowers, 
wood  armed  with  short  dark 
spines. 

Margottin,  1855.  Reddish  crim- 
son, large,  rather  coarse  flow- 
ers, fragrant,  numerous  red 
thorns,  hardy  ;  occasionally 
comes  very  fine,  but  generally 
the  quality  is  inferior. 

Madame  Ducher,  1876.  White, 
sufTused  with  pale  yellow, 
without  fragrance  ;  a  fine  rose, 
similar,  but  inferior,  to  Marie 
Guillot. 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


28-? 


Name  of  Varietv,  and 
Habit  of  Gkowth. 


918.  Triomphe     de 
Rennes,  free. 


919.  Triomphe  de 
Toulouse, 

920.  Triomphe  des 
Beaux  Arts, 
free  or  vig, 

921.  Triomphe  des 
Ro  s  o  m  a  n  e  s, 
vig. 


922.  Triomphe  du 
Luxembo  u  rg, 
free. 

923.  Triumph  an  t, 
vig. 


Class. 


li.R. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


924.  Ulrich     Briin-    U.R 
ner,  vig. 

'Unique. 

925.  Unique,  vi  g 
(H^/ii/e  Prov 
cncc.) 

926.  Vainqueur  d( 
Solferino,  mod 


927.  Vallee      de      T. 
Cham  o  u  n  i  X 
mod. 

928.  Vicomte  Mai-    H.R. 
son,  vig. 

929.  Vicomte   Vig-    U.R 
ier,  free. 


M. 
Prov. 


H  R. 


Lansezeur,  1857.     From  Lamar- 
que.  Canary-yellow,  the  centre 
tinged  with   salmon,  large,  or 
very  large,  full,  good. 
Brassac,  1874.   Red,  shaded  with 

violet-crimson. 
Fontaine,    1857.       Raised    from 
General  Jacqueminot.     An  in- 
ferior likeness  of  the  parent. 
Gonod,    1873.      Belongs   to   the 
General     Jacqueminot     type. 
Crimson,  tinged   with  purple, 
fragrant,  and  of  fair  quality  ;  a 
good  seed-bearer. 
Hardy,  1836.     (Sent  out  by  Ma- 
dame Pean.)  Buff-rose,  large, 
good    in  the   bud,   of  healthy 
habit ;  a  desirable  sort. 
Pierce,   1850.       Rosy-pink,  me- 
dium size,  double  or  full,  dis- 
tinct ;  seven  leaflets  are  com- 
mon. 
Levet,  1881.     Raised  from  Paul 

Neyron.     Cherry-red. 
See  White  Bath. 
Grimwood,  1778.   White,  a  good 
rose,    similar   but   inferior  to 
ATadame  Hardy. 
Damaizin,  1859.     Belongs  to  the 
j  ■  Giant  of  Battles   type.     Red, 
I     shaded     with     purplish-crim- 
I     son. 

iDucher,  1873.  Coppery-yellow 
and  rose,  medium  size. 

Fontaine,  186S.  Cherry-red, 
double,  fades  quickly,  strag- 
gling habit. 

E.  Verdier,  1861.  Maroon, 
tmged  with  violet,  a  well- 
formed,  globular  flower. 


288 


THE    ROSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


930.  Vicomtesse  de 
Gazes,  dwf. 

931.  Victor  Pulliat, 
mod. 

932.  Victor  Trouil- 
lard. 

933.  Victor     V  e  r- 
dier,  mod. 


934.  V  ill  are  t  de 
Joyeuse,  free. 

935.  Vilie  de   St. 
Denis,  free. 

936.  Violette    Bou- 
)^er,  free  or  vig 

937.  Virgil,  free. 


938.  Vir  i  d  i  fl  o  ra  , 
free.  ( Viiidi- 
sceiis.) 

939.  V  i  rgi  n  a  1  e, 
mod. 


940.  Viscou  n  te  s  s 
Falmouth,  dwf 


Class. 


T. 
H  R. 

H.R. 


H.R. 
H.R. 
H.R. 

H.R. 

Beng. 

H.R. 

H.T. 


Pradel,  1844.  Coppery-yellow, 
rather  loose  form,  very  delicate 
habit. 

Ducher,  1S70.  Pale  yellow,  long 
buds,  quite  a  good  Tea. 

Trouillard,  1856.  (Sent  out  by 
Standish  &  Noble.)  Crimson 
and  purple. 

Lacharme,  1852.  Bright  rose, 
with  carmine  centre,  a  very 
fresh  shade,  but  not  perma- 
nent, semi-globular  form,  of 
good  size,  not  fragrant  ;  very 
free,  the  wood  is  all  but 
smooth,  the  foliage  lustrous. 
This  variety  is  doubtless  of 
Bourbon  origin  ;  it  is  a  beau- 
tiful rose,  but  with  its  entire 
progeny  is  more  tender  than 
any  other  types  in  the  class. 

Damaizin,  1874,  Bright  rose, 
well  formed. 

Thouars,  1853.  Yrom  La  Reine. 
Carmine-rose. 

Lacharme,  1881.  From  JtiL's 
Margotliii  X  Sombreuil.  White, 
tinged  with  pink. 

Guillot  pere,  1870.  (Sent  out 
by  W.  Paul.)  Pink,  tinged 
with  lavender,  not  valuable. 

Green  flowers,  of  no  beauty 
whatsoever,  only  sought  for  as 
a  curiosity. 

Lacharme,  185S.  White,  with 
flesh  centre,  medium  size, 
double  or  full,  well  formed  ; 
a  good  rose,  but  of  very  deli- 
cate habit. 

Bennett,  1879.  From  President 
X  Soupert-et-Notiing.   Mottled 


CATALOGUE   OF   VARIETIES. 


289 


Name  of  Vakiety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth. 


941.  Vulcain,  mod. 


942.  W.    A.     Rich- 
ardson, vig. 

943.  W.    Wilson 
Saunders, mod. 


944.  Washington 
vig. 

945.  White     Bank- 
sia,  vig. 

946.  White   Baron- 
ess, mod. 


947.  White  Bath, 
mod.  or  free. 
( Unique). 


H.R. 

N. 
H.R. 

N. 
B'k. 
H.R. 


M. 


rose,  the  exterior  of  petals 
wiih  a  silvery  lustre,  very 
large,  very  full,  globular,  hav- 
ing the  intense  fiagrance  of 
Soiipert  et  Noiiiugy  and  like 
that  variety  inclined  to  come 
malformed.  The  wood  is 
very  thorny,  the  shoots  slen- 
der. 

E.  Verdier,  1862.  Rich  crim- 
son, double,  well  formed  ;  a 
rose  of  splendid  color. 

Madame  Ducher,  1878.  Orange- 
yellow,  medium  size,  of  fair 
quality. 

G.  Paul,  1874.  Belongs  to  the 
Charles  Lefcbvre  type.  May  be 
briefly  described  as  an  inferior 
Charles  Lejcbvre. 

Stewart  (of  Philadelphia). 
White,  medium  size,  loose 
flowers,  poor. 

Brought  to  England  from  China 
in  1807.  Pure  white,  small 
full  flower,  violet-scented. 

G.  Paul,  1S82.  A  sport  from 
Baroness  Rothschild.  Unlike 
Mabel  Morrison,  this  is  quite 
as  full  a  rose  as  the  parent, 
and  it  is  pure  white  ;  in  other 
respects,  as  vigor  of  growth, 
etc.,  it  is  identical  with  Bar- 
oness Rothschild.  We  saw 
this  in  flower  at  Cheshunt 
during  the  summer  of  1880, 
and  were  greatly  impressed 
with  its  merit. 

Salter.  A  sport  from  the  Com- 
mon. White,  sometimes  tinged 
with   flesh,   attractive   in  bud 


290 


THE   EOSE. 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth 


White      Prov 
ence. 
948.  William    Grif- 
fiih, free. 


949.  William  Jesse 
free. 

950,  William 
Koelle,  mod. 


951.  William  Lobb 
free. 

952.  William  War- 
den, vig. 


953.  Woodland 
Margu  eri  te, 
vig. 

954.  Xavier  Olibo, 
mod.  or  dwf. 


955.  Yellow  Bank- 
sia,  vig. 


Class. 


Prov. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


H.R. 


M. 
H.R. 


H.R. 


B'k. 


and   open    flower ;    general!)' 
five     leaflets,     of     straggling 
habit.     Much   the   best   white 
moss. 
See  Unique. 

Portemer,  1850.  Pink,  much 
resembling  Countess  C.  de  Cha- 
brillant,  but  the  flowers  are 
somewhat  smaller,  the  wood 
smoother,  and  in  habit  it  is 
more  vigorous,  but  also  much 
more  liable  to  injury  from  the 
cold. 

Laffay,  1840.  Red,  suffused  with 
violet,  in  the  way  of  Pins  the 
AHuth,     An  undesirable  sort. 

Pernet,  1878.  Raised  from  Al- 
fred Coloinb.  The  flowers  are 
nearly  or  quite  the  same  shade 
as  those  of  the  parent,  the 
habit  is  partially  that  of  Charles 
Lefebvre. 

Laflfay,  1S55.  Violet-red,  not  an 
attractive  sort. 

Mitchell  &  Son,  1878.  A  sport 
from  Madame  Clemence  Joig- 
neaux.  Pink  flowers,  the 
habit,  etc.,  is  the  same  as  that 
of  the  parent. 

J.  Pentland,  1859.  White,  some- 
times with  flesh,  medium  size  ; 
of  fair  qualit5\ 

Lacharme,  1864.  Said  to  be 
from  Gen.  Jacqtteminoi.  Very 
deep,  rich  crimson,  large  flow- 
ers, moderately  full  ;  a  superb 
rose. 

Brought  to  England  from  China 
in  1827.    Like  White  Banksia, 


CATALOGUE    OF   VARIETIES. 


291 


Name  of  Variety,  and 
Habit  of  Growth, 


Yellow  Tea. 
956.   Yolande  d'Ar- 
agon,  free. 


except  the  color,  which  is  clear 
yellow. 

See  Flavescens. 

Vibert,  1843.  Lilac-rose,  flat 
form,  straggling  habit  ;  worth- 
less. 


INDEX. 


Aphis,  The,  74. 
Austrian  Roses,  16. 
Autumnal  Roses,  25,  116. 
Ayrshire  Roses,  10. 
Banksia  Roses,  10. 
Bedding  Roses,  113. 
Bengal  Roses,  34. 
Best  Roses,  The,  120. 
Books  on  Roses,  v.  190. 
Bourbon  Roses,  36. 
Boursault  Roses,  11. 
Boxes  for  Exhibiting,  95. 
Brier,  The,  as  a  Stock,  91. 
Budded  Roses,  89. 
Cabbage  Rose,  The,  23. 
Catalogue  of  Varieties,  194. 
Caterpillars,  78. 
Champney  Roses,  28. 
China  Roses,  34. 
Classification,  7. 
Climbing  Roses,  10,  116. 
Climbing  Tea  Roses,  33. 
Cuttings,  85,  100. 
Damask  Roses,  16. 
Descriptions,  194. 
Diseases,  73. 
Eglantine,  The,  24. 
Evergreen  Roses,  11. 


Exhibiting  Roses,  93. 
Exhibition  Roses,  The   Best 

118. 
Failure,  Causes  of,  57. 
Fairy  Roses,  36. 
Families  of  Roses,  10. 
Free-blooming  Roses,  116. 
Forcing  Roses,  100,  113. 
Fragrant  Roses,  117. 
French  Roses,  17. 
Grafting,  91. 
Green  Fly,  74. 
Hybrid  Noisette  Roses,  38. 
Habit  of  Growth,  196. 
Hardy  Roses,  118. 
Hellebore,  78. 
Hybrid  China  Roses,  18. 
Hybrid   Climbing   Roses,  12, 

26. 
Hybrid  Perpetual  Roses,  40. 
Hybrid     Remontant     Roses, 

40. 
Hybrid  Tea  Roses,  42. 
Insects,  73. 
Leaf  Roller,  78. 
Layers,  92. 
Mail,  Plants  by,  62. 
Manetti,  The,  as  a  stock,  91. 


INDEX. 


293 


Manures,  68. 
May  Bug,  80. 
Microphylla  Roses,  27. 
Mildew,  75. 
Monthly  Roses,  25. 
Moss  Roses,  22. 
Multiflora  Roses,  12. 
Night-soil,  6g. 
Noisette  Roses,  2S. 
Own  Roots,  85. 
Pegged -down  Roses,  113. 
Permanent  Colors,  152. 
Perpetual  Roses,  25 
Perpetual  Moss  Roses,  46. 
Pillar  Roses,  20. 
Planting,  61. 
Polyantha  Roses,  31. 
Position  for  Planting,  56. 
Pot-culture,  100. 
Potting  Roses,  loi. 
Prairie  Roses,  13. 
Propagation,  85. 
Protection,  49. 
Provence  Roses,  23. 
Pruning,  61. 
Quassia,  75. 
Rose  Bug,  The,  79. 
Rose  Chafer,  The,  79. 
Rose  Slug,  The,  So. 
Rose  Hopper,  The,  77. 


Roses  for  Special   Purposes, 
113- 

Roses  under  Glass,  100. 

Raisers  of  the  Best  Roses,  1 20 

Red  Spider,  The,  76. 

Running  Roses,  25. 

Sawfly,  80. 

Sarmentous  Roses,  ro. 

Scotch  Roses,  24. 

Seed  Parents,  145. 

Seedling  Roses,  177. 

Similar  Varieties,  160. 

Soils,  56. 

Solfaierre  as  a  Stock,  30. 

Stocks,  91. 

Suckers,  90, 

Sulphur,  75,  77. 

Summer  Roses,  10. 

Sweet  Brier,  The,  24. 
Tea  Roses,  47. 
Technical  Terms,  52. 
Thrip,  77. 

Tobacco,  for  Fumigating,  75. 
Too-much-alike  Roses,  152. 
Typical  Roses,  164. 
Varieties    for     Special     Pur- 
poses, 113. 
When  to  Plant,  Gi. 
White  Grub,  80. 
Yellow  Roses,  16. 


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